New Delhi 2011

Delhi Jal Board Versus Nati onal Campaign for Dignity and Rights of the Sewerage and Allied Workers & Others

THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA JUDGEMENT

Dignity and Rights of the Sewerage and Allied Workers

Compiled and Edited by

Sarita Bhoi

Human Rights Law Network To protect fundamental human rights, increase access to basic resources for the marginalised

communiti es, and eliminate discriminati on.

To create a justi ce delivery system that is accessible, accountable, transparent, effi cient and aff ordable, and works for the underprivileged. Raise the level of pro bono legal experti se for the poor to make the work uniformly competent as well as compassionate.

Professionally train a new generati on of public interest lawyers and paralegals who are comfortable in the world of law as well as in social movements, and who learn from social movements to refi ne legal concepts and strategies.

Title: Dignity and Rights of Sewerage and Allied Workers

September 2011

Compiled and Edited by: Sarita Bhoi

Translati on of Introducti on: Suresh Nauti yal

Translati on of HC Judgement: Anant Asthana

Translati on of SC Judgement: Rajendra S Rawat

Design: Birendra K. Gupta

Pictures: Hilaans Nauti yal and NCDRSAW

Printed at: Shivam Sundaram, Green Park, New Delhi-110065

Published by:Human Rights Law Network (HRLN)(A division of Socio Legal Informati on Centre)576, Masjid Road, Jangpura, New Delhi – 110014, IndiaPh: +91-11-24379855/56E-mail: publicati ons@hrln.org

Supported by:Royal Netherlands Embassy

Nati onal Campaign for Dignity and Rights of Sewerage and Allied Workers Kachara Vahatuk Shramik Sabha

Kagaj Patra Kamgar Sangathan

Kamghar Swasthya Suraksha Mandal

Kheda Jila Safai Kamgar Mandal

Labour Educati on and Development Society

Lok Raj Sangathan

Manhole Kamgar Union

Matri Sudha

MCD Sangharsh Morcha

Nati onal Campaign for Dalit Human Rights

Nati onal Forum for Workers’ Rights

Nati onal Valmiki Veer Dal

NDMC Workers’ Federati on

Nirman Mazdoor Kamgar Sangathan

Nirman Mazdoor Panchayat Sangam

Rajasthan Nirman Mazdoor Panchayat Sangathan

Safai Karamchari Andolan

SAFHAI UP

Socialist Front

Swaraj

Safai Kamgar Sangathan

Sarthak

Sarthak Yuva Sangthan

Social Development Society

Society for Parti cipatory Development

SDA

Suraje

All Rajasthan Safai Karmchari Mazdoor Sangathan

All Rajasthan Safai Mazdoor Union

Asha Vikas Pariyojana

Awaz society

Bal Vikas Dhara

Bandhua Mukti Morcha

Beghar Mazdoor Sangharsh Samiti

Building and Wood Workers Internati onal

Bharati ya Safai Kamgar Union (Gujarat)

Centre for Development

Centre for Educati on and Communicati on

Dalit Adhikar Shodh Evam Sandarbh Kendra

Dalit Uthan Samaj

Delhi Asangathit Nirman Mazdoor Union

Delhi Forces (Neeve)

Delhi Jal Board Sewer Department Mazdoor Sangathan

Delhi Jal Mal Kamgar Sangharsh Morcha

Delhi Multi -storied Building Employees Congress

Friends of Himalaya

Harit Recyclers Associati on

Hazard Centre

Himalayee Sanskriti Sarankshan

Shiksha Sansthan

Human Rights Law Network

Humanitarian and Peace Society

Indian Social Insti tute

Insti tute for Health Equity society

ISHU

NCDARSAW: Phone- 09268532810, Email: ncdarsaw@gmail.com | KSSM: Phone- 09227553191, Email: hp_ahd1@yahoo.co.in,ncdarsaw@gmail.com | LEDS: Phone- 09968285212, Email: ncdarsaw.delhiunit@gmail.com, leds.jaipur@gmail.com

Contents

Introducti on 5

Judgement: Delhi Jal Board Versus NCDRSAW & Others 9

ANNEXURE:Delhi High Court Judgement: NCDRSAW Versus MCD and Others 47

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Introduction

A number of anti -discriminati on statutes and positi ve benefi t provisions exist in Indian law as safety

measures for the protecti on of the Dalits, but the implementati on and enforcement of these laws is poor. Under Arti cle 15 of the Consti tuti on, no citi zen shall on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any or them, be subject to any disability, liability, restricti on or conditi on with regard to (a) access to shops, public restaurants, hotels and places of public entertainment; or (b) the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out of the State funds or dedicated to the use of general public. “Untouchability” stands abolished under Arti cle 17 and its practi ce in any form is forbidden and punishable under law. Special enactments have been made by the central and state governments to protect SCs and STs from all forms of exploitati on. The SCs/STs consti tute major bulk of agricultural and other types of unorganised labour and majority of the bonded labour also belong to SCs and STs.

The Minimum Wages Act, 1948, provides for fi xing minimum wages for diff erent types of labour and the Bonded Labour System (Aboliti on) Act, 1976, provides for aboliti on of the bonded labour system and for release and rehabilitati on or freed bonded labourers. There are two important legislati ons related to Arti cle 17, viz, The Protecti on of Civil Rights Act, 1955, and The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Preventi on of Atrociti es) Act, 1989.

Initi ally, the Untouchability (Off ences) Act, 1955, had been enacted to abolish the practi ce of untouchability and social disabiliti es arising out of it against members of the Scheduled Castes. It was amended in 1977 and is now known as the Protecti on of Civil Rights Act, 1955. Under the revised Act, the practi ce of untouchability was made both cognizable and non-compoundable and stricter punishment was provided for the off enders. But sti ll, human rights abuses in their most degrading form conti nue against Dalits. The 1989 enactment is aimed to prevent and punish State and private actors for

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS6abuse against the Dalits, and provide for rehabilitati on and relief of the victi ms. And, this is the key legislati on, which provides protecti on and rights to the Dalits.

The primary piece of legislati on designed to provide a measure of protecti on to the Dalits and to enforce their rights, the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Preventi on of Atrociti es) Act, 1989 was passed by Parliament when it became clear that existi ng laws had not made a dent against the oppression of the Dalits by upper castes and by the State apparatus even 40 years aft er Independence. The SC/ST (Preventi on of Atrociti es) Act, 1989, though a marvelous piece of legislati on, is seriously underuti lised, despite all the talk among some of the so-called upper-caste saying that it is being misused. Strenuous documentati on by the Dalit rights groups have clearly established that the Act is hardly being used.

It is an irony that almost aft er fi ve decades of India’s Independence, it was in the year 1993 that the Indian government passed a law to ban the inhuman and degraded practi ce of manual scavenging. Manual scavenging is one of the most extreme forms of caste discriminati on and the State’s complicity in its conti nued practi ce is not in tune with the basic tenets of the Indian Consti tuti on. It is esti mated that around

1.3 million Dalits in India, make their living through manual scavenging -- a term used to describe the job of removing human excreta from dry toilets and sewers using patheti c tools such as thin boards, buckets and baskets, lined with sacking, carried on the head. In rural areas mostly women are engaged in this inhuman occupati on.

The Employment of Manual Scavengers and Constructi on of Dry Latrines (Prohibiti on) Act, 1993, prescribes punishment to an employer who employs manual scavengers and also to those who construct dry latrines. The punishment prescribed is imprisonment for up to one year and/or a fi ne. In cases where the employees are the members of the Scheduled Caste or the Scheduled Tribe, the employers are also liable to prosecuti on under the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Preventi on of Atrociti es) Act, 1989.

The lack of politi cal will and apathy of the State was clearly visible when it took about four years for the central government to even noti fy the law in the government gazett e. Reseach and surveys conducted by various civil society organisati ons show that this inhuman practi ces of manual scavenging forcing a certain secti on of the Dalit community is sti ll in practi ce in many parts of the country where as the insti tuti on of

INTRODUCTION 7State is sti ll in a mode of denial. It is regressive to see the Indian Railways as the largest employer of manual scavengers in the country. The railway ministry claims that they are yet to devise modern state-of-the-art lavatories to be used in the trains.

In the year 2007, the Nati onal Campaign for Dignity and Rights of Sewerage and Allied Workers fi led a Public Interest Liti gati on in the Delhi High Court facilitated by the Human Rights Law Network, representi ng the millions of scavengers in Delhi, who are employed by the government agencies like Delhi Jal Board (the agency which is responsible for water supply and for liquid waste management), Municipal Corporati on of Delhi, New Delhi Municipal Council, Delhi State Industrial Development Corporati on, Central Public Works Department and other civic bodies challenging their respecti ve roles in risking the lives of scavengers and also not ensuring adequate safety and fi nancial security to them.

When the case was fi led, there were reports coming in regarding the deaths of the scavengers because of poisonous gases and fumes in the drainage while cleaning the same. These scavengers and sewage workers were forced to go into the drains without any safety equipment and gas cylinders. Aft er their death,

the civic agencies also refused to pay any compensati on and fi nancial benefi ts to them. In the PIL, these instances were highlighted and the Delhi High Court found the situati on very grim and patheti c. The Court, therefore, directed the civic bodies by its order dated 05.04.2008 to forthwith ensure, inter alia, providing free medical care faciliti es to the sewage workers, payment of compensati on to the sewage workers, who are suff ering from occupati onal diseases, payment of compensati on and statutory dues like provident funds, gratuity, etc., to the dependents of such sewage workers, providing protecti ve gears and equipment to the workers going down the drain, etc. The Court also directed to pay a compensati on of Rs. 1 lakh (Rupees one hundred thousand) to every sewerage worker who lost his/her life while performing his/her duti es.

When the hearing progressed, the Court found that there was very low level of implementati on of orders and directi ons of the order dated 05.04.2008 by these civic bodies. Hence, aft er considering the affi davits fi led by diff erent agencies and the reports submitt ed by the Committ ee consti tuted by the Delhi High Court to see the implementati on of its orders, the Court fi nally took a tough stand and passed the order on 21.04.2008 directi ng the civic bodies to ensure immediate payment

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS8of compensati on to the families of the victi ms through Delhi Legal Aid Services Authority. The Court also enhanced the compensati on to some victi ms to tune of Rs. 1.71 lakhs (Rupees 171 thousand). The Court also issued show cause noti ces to these civic bodies for initi ati ng contempt of court proceedings.

Challenging the order dated 21.04.2008 passed by the Delhi High Court, Delhi Jal Board fi led the appeal in Supreme Court of India. In the appeal, the civic body contended that the High Court overreached its powers while awarding compensati on and directi ng them to ensure safety and security of the sewerage workers.

The Supreme Court of India, on 12.07.2011, passed a landmark judgement identi fying and highlighti ng the apathy and plight of the disadvantaged secti ons of the society, parti cularly the scavengers and sewage workers, who risk their lives by going down the drainage without any safety equipment and security and have been deprived of fundamental rights to equality, life and liberty for last more than six decades.

The Court also criti cised the government and the State apparatus on being insensiti ve to the safety and wellbeing of those who are, on account of sheer poverty, compelled to work under most unfavourable conditi ons

and regularly face the threat of being deprived of their life. The Supreme Court not only directed to pay higher compensati on to the families of the deceased, but also directed the civic bodies to ensure immediate compliance of the directi ons and orders passed by the Delhi High Court for ensuring safety and security of the sewage workers.

The Apex Court dismissed their plea and directed, by its order dated 12.07.2011, the civic bodies to ensure the immediate implementati on of the orders passed by the Delhi High Court on 05.04.2008, preferably within two months and fi le a compliance report in the Delhi High Court. The Court also enhanced the compensati on to be paid to each of the victi ms to Rs. 5 lakh (Rupees fi ve hundred thousand). The Court remanded the matt er back to the Delhi High Court for further hearing and passing appropriate orders.

It is hoped that proacti ve judgement like this will ensure dignity and rights of the sewerage and allied workers and bring in a ray of hope for the marginalised community even in the neo-global economic scenario.

Sarita BhoiDivya Jyoti Jaipuriar

Human Rights Law Network

REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO.5322 OF 2011

(Arising out of Special Leave Peti ti on (Civil) No. 12345 of 2009)

Delhi Jal Board ……Appellant Versus

Nati onal Campaign for Dignity and Rights of Sewerage and Allied Workers & others ……Respondents

J U D G M E N T

G.S. Singhvi, J.

1. Leave granted.

2. This appeal fi led by Delhi Jal Board for setti ng aside an interlocutory order passed by the Division Bench of the Delhi High Court whereby it has been directed to deposit Rs.79,000/-with Delhi High Court Legal Services Committ ee in additi on to Rs.1.71 lacs already paid to the families of the deceased worker, namely, Rajan. He is one of the several thousand cases fi led by the State and/or its agencies/instrumentaliti es to challenge the orders passed by the High Courts for ensuring that the goal of justi ce set out in the preamble to the Consti tuti on of India is fulfi lled, at least in some measure, for the disadvantaged secti ons of the society who have

been deprived of fundamental rights to equality, life and liberty for last more than 6 decades. The appeal is also illustrati ve of how the State apparatus is insensiti ve to the safety and well being of those who are, on account of sheer poverty, compelled to work under most unfavourable conditi ons and regularly face the threat of being deprived of their life.

3. The laws enacted by Parliament and State legislatures provide for payment of compensati on to the legal representati ves of those killed in air, rail or motor accident. The legal representati ves of a workman, who dies while on duty in a factory/industry/establishment get a certain amount of compensati on. Even those who are killed in police acti on get compensati on in the form of ex-grati a

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS10announced by the politi cal apparatus of the State. However, neither the law makers nor those who have been entrusted with the duty of implementi ng the laws enacted for welfare of the unorganized workers have put in place appropriate mechanism for protecti on of persons employed by or through the contractors to whom services meant to benefi t the public at large are outsourced by the State and/or its agencies/instrumentaliti es like the appellant for doing works, which are inherently hazardous and dangerous to life nor made provision for payment of reasonable compensati on in the event of death.

4. Since the legal representati ves of the persons who work in the sewers laid or maintained by the State

and/or its agencies/instrumentaliti es on their own or through the contractors and who get killed due to negligence of the employer do not have the means and resources for seeking interventi on of the judicial apparatus of the State, the Nati onal Campaign for Dignity and Rights of Sewerage and Allied Workers, which is engaged in the welfare of sewage workers fi led Writ Peti ti on No.5232/2007 in the Delhi High Court to highlight the plight of sewage workers many of whom died on account of contemptuous apathy shown by the public authoriti es and contractors engaged by them and even private individuals/enterprises in the matt er of providing safety equipments to those who are required to work under extremely odd conditi ons. In paragraphs 4 to 6 and 8 of the peti ti on, the peti ti oner made the following averments:

“4. That the Peti ti on seeks to highlight the plight of sewage workers in Delhi. Delhi generates large quanti ti es of sewage. At present, the total quanti ty of sewage generated is 2871 mld. Delhi Jal Board is responsible for treatment and disposal of wastewater through a network of about 5600 km of internal, peripheral and trunk sewers, for which approximately 5500 sewage workers are employed with Delhi Jal Board for maintenance of the sewage system and other related works. The

DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS 11working conditi ons for sewage workers are such that they are not only exposed to maximum risk against numerous toxic and harmful substances, but also they face suff ocati on and accidental deaths, while working. These workers suff er from high morality and morbidity due to such exposure at workplace. Hereto marked and annexed as Annexure P-1 are the photographs showing the sewage workers of Delhi as photographed by Indian Express. These photographs tell the sad story of the plight of these workers as of today.

5. Scores of sewage/manhole workers die every year doing this work in Delhi. These deaths are rarely documented. On 7.5.07 it was reported by Navbharat Times that in 2003 the following deaths of manhole workers took place:

Date Place Number of Deaths

22 March Brahmpuri 1

23 March Shahdara 2

11 April Shakti nagar 3

25 June Rithala STP 5

July Connaught Place 3

July Okhla 1

October Utt amnagar 4

In 2004 the following deaths took place:

Date Place Number of Deaths

24 May Wazirpur 3

25 May Gautampuri 1

11 June Samaypur 2

July Wazirpur 2

October Rohini 2

October Padpadur 2

Hereto annexed an (Annexure P-2 is the translated copy of the news arti cle ti tled ‘Thekedaron Ki Laparwahi se ho rahi hain mauten’ appearing in Navbharat Times on 7.05.07.

6. Even in year 2007, on 6.5.07 three sewage workers Ramemsh, Santosh and Ashish while working inside the sewer inhaled poisonous gases and died of suff ocati on. Hereto marked and annexed as Annexure P-3 is the news report appearing in the Times of India dated 7.5.2007. The accident took place near Madrasi Nallah in front of Vijay Enclave, Dabri (South West Delhi). The claiming work was being done in complete violati on of the Nati onal Human Rights Commission guidelines. The victi ms worked without any helmet or gas masks,

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS12which are mandatory, as stated by NHRC, for the kind of work, they were doing. Neither there was any fi rst aid kit with the workers nor arti fi cial respirators and portable ladders were made available to them by the contractors. Apparently contractors violated all the rules and guidelines.

8. That, a report has been prepared by Centre for Educati on and Communicati on in collaborati on with Occupati onal Health & Safety Management Consultancy Services on “Health & Safety Status of Sewage Workers in Delhi”. The report concludes:

“...The workers are suff ering from high mortality and morbidity due to exposure at workplace. 33 workers had died in last 2 years due to accidents while working on the blocked sewer lines...Fift y-nine percent of the workers enter underground sewer manholes more than 10 ti mes a month and half of them have to work more than 8 hours a day. While working in underground pipelines, an overwhelming majority of them have had cuts or injuries, experienced irritati on of eyes and suff ered from skin rash. Forty-one workers have reported syncope, and other 24 reported temporary loss of consciousness. A litt le over one-third of the workers had been immunized against tetanus while none of them had been vaccinated against hepati ti s B.

Approximately 46 percent of workers across all age group were found to be underweight

DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS 13according to Body Mass Index (BMI) calculati on. 37 percent have less hemoglobin than the normal range. More than 65 percent have higher eosin Phil count (6 percent) in spite of having normal leukocyte counts (91 percent). None of the samples tested for HBsAg were tested positi ve. Results of urine examinati on pointed to irreversible damaged done to the body organ system.

More than 50 percent of the pulmonary functi on tests results were abnormal. Chest X-rays results further confi rmed the loss of functi onal capacity of the respiratory system of the workers.

None of the worker has been given any formal communicati on by the employer about the hazard present during the work. None has been trained to provide fi rst aid during any miss-happening.....usage of other protecti ve gears like gloves, mask, and shoes were bare minimum. Even supply of necessary safety gears was not adequate to meet the requirements.

All daily wagers were getti ng a wage of approximately 2950 rupees per months without any other benefi t irrespecti ve of service period.””

The peti ti oner then referred to order dated 15.6.2006 passed by the Gujarat High Court in

Special Civil Applicati on No. 8989/2001 – Kamdar Swasthya Suraksha Mandal and Special Civil Applicati on No.11706/2004 – the Manhole Workers Union and Lok Adhikar Sangh and made various prayers including issue of a mandamus directi ng the respondents to provide every sewage worker with protecti ve gears, clothing and equipments in terms of the order passed by the Gujarat High Court in the two Civil Special Applicati ons, pay compensati on of Rs.10 lacs to the families of the workers who died aft er entering the manhole for sewage cleaning and make provision for comprehensive medical checkup of all the sewage workers and provide them medical treatment free of cost along with full wages for the period of illness.

5. Aft er taking cognizance of the averments contained in the writ peti ti on, the Division Bench of the

Approximately 46 percent of workers across all age groups

were found to be underweight according to Body Mass Index

calculati on and 37 percent have less hemoglobin than the

normal range

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS14High Court issued noti ce to the respondents and also made a request to one of the Judges – Dr. Justi ce S. Muralidhar, to make an att empt to fi nd out workable soluti on to the problems faced by sewage workers. The learned Judge heard the representati ves of the writ peti ti oner, appellant and other instrumentaliti es of the State, examined the documents produced by them and passed order dated 5.4.2008 incorporati ng therein several suggesti ons for protecti on of the workers engaged in cleaning of manhole etc.. The Division Bench of the High Court, considered the suggesti ons made by Dr. Justi ce S. Muralidhar, the affi davits and documents fi led by the appellant and the New Delhi Municipal Council and passed detailed order dated 20.8.2008, paragraphs 9 and 10 of which read as under:

“9. Having considered the various reports made by the concerned agencies and also the submissions made by the concerned agencies and also the submissions made at the bar, we pass the following interim directi ons pending fi nal disposal of this writ peti ti on:

(a) The medical examinati on and medical treatment will be given free of charge to sewer workers and the treatment will conti nue for all such workers found to be suff ering from an occupati onal disease, ailment or accident unti l the workman is cured or unti l death.

(b) The services of the sewer workers are not to be terminated, either by the respondents or the contractors engaged by them, during the period of illness and they shall be treated as if on duty and will be paid their wages.

(c) Compensati on shall be paid by the respondents and recoverable from the contractors, if permissible in law, to all the workmen suff ering from any occupati onal disease, ailment or accident in accordance with the provisions of the Workmen’s Compensati on Act, 1923.

(d) The respondents shall pay on the death of any worker, including any contract worker, an immediate ex-grati a solati um of Rs. One lac with liberty to recover the same from contractors, if permissible in law.

(e) The respondents shall pay / ensure payment of all statutory dues such as Provident Fund, Gratuity and Bonus to all the sewer workers, including contract workers, as applicable in law.

(f) The respondents shall provide as soon as possible modern protecti ve equipments to all the sewer workers in consultati on with the peti ti oner organizati on.

DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS 15(g) The respondents shall provide soap and

oil to all the workmen according to the present quota, but on monthly basis and not at the end of the year.

(h) The respondents shall provide restrooms and canteens, in accordance with the DJB model rules, including therein fi rst-aid faciliti es, safe drinking water, washing faciliti es, latrines and urinals, shelters, crèches and canteens as set out in the model rules. There are to be provided at what is known as ‘stores’ which are the places where the workers assemble to give their att endance and from where they depart to their respecti ve work sites.

(i) The respondents shall provide all workman, including contract workmen, with an accident-card-cum wage-slip as set out in clause 8 of the C.P.W.D./PWD (DA)/Delhi Jal Board Contractors Labour Regulati ons (for short “Labour Regulati ons”).

(j) The respondents shall provide all workers, including contract workers, employment cards as set out in clause 9 of the Labour Regulati ons and, on terminati on of services provide the contract workers and others with a service certi fi cate as set out in clause 10 of the Labour Regulati ons.

(k) The respondents shall authenti cate by signing the payment of wages register for contract workers in terms of clause 5 of the Labour Regulati ons.

(l) The respondents shall submit to this court and to the peti ti oner within four weeks from today the full list of contract workers and contractors engaged for work relati ng to the sewers together with the wages paid to such workmen and the number of years of employment of the workers.

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS16(m) The DJB is directed to ensure that the

ex-grati a payment in case of deaths of sewer workers has been paid to the families of deceased workmen and in case such compensati on is not paid, release the same within a period of eight weeks.

(n) NDMC is directed to pay ex grati a payment of Rs. one lac each in respect of the accident of 7th December, 2003 where three persons working under the NDMC contractors died, with liberty to recover the same from the contractor, if permissible in law.

(o) The DJB and NDMC are directed to hold an inquiry into deaths of sewer workers referred to in paragraphs 15 and 16 of the writt en submission of the peti ti oner dated 22nd

July, 2008 and submit a report to this Court within a period of eight weeks. If it is found that the contract workers in questi on were working under the contractors employed by NDMC/DJB, ex-grati a compensati on of Rs. One lac shall be released forthwith to the families of the victi ms subject to right of recovery from contractors in accordance with law.

(p) The respondents shall place on record a map showing the areas within the MCD (1) where no sewage faciliti es are available (2) where modern machinery cannot enter due to narrow lanes or otherwise (3) the areas serviced by modern machinery and (4) criti cal area where frequent deaths, accidents and blockages occur, it shall be done within three months from today.

(q) Lastly, the respondents are directed to place on record the proposals and plans to phase out manual work and replace it with mechanized sewer cleaning, as envisaged by DJB as well as NDMC, which shall be done within three months.

DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS 1710. In order to ensure the compliance of

the above directi ons, we consti tute a Committ ee consisti ng of:

(i) Mr. S.R. Shankaran, IAS reti red Chief Secretary to the Government of Tripura, Chairman:

(ii) One offi cer each to be nominated by NDMC, DDA and DJB respecti vely, who shall not be less than the rank of Under Secretary to the Government of India.

(iii) Joint Secretary of the Social Welfare Department, Government of NCT of Delhi to be nominated by the Secretary of that Department who shall be the Convener of the committ ee.

(iv) One representati ve of the peti ti oner organizati on.”

6. While the Committ ee consti tuted by the High Court was examining various issues concerning the sewage workers including their health and safety, Hindustan Times (Metro editi on) dated 26.3.2009 reported that as many as 6 sewage workers had died in Delhi in the month of March 2009 due to inhaling of toxic gasses in the manholes because they did not have protecti ve gears. Two of the workers died in the area of Alipur (Narela), two in the area of Bawana and one each in Sector 6, Narela and Delhi Zoo, Sunder Nagar, New Delhi. Four of these deaths

occurred within the jurisdicti on of appellant – Delhi Jal Board, Delhi Development Authority and Delhi State Industrial Development Corporati on and two deaths occurred in private farm house – Katyal Farm House, Bakhtawarpur Road, Narela.

7. Aft er taking cognizance of the aforesaid report, the Division Bench of the High Court directed appellant -Delhi Jal Board and the Delhi Development Authority to fi le their respecti ve affi davits. Noti ces were also issued to Delhi State Industrial Development Corporati on, the owners of private farm house and the police department.

8. In the affi davit fi led by him, Sri Sukhai Ram, Chief Engineer, Delhi Jal Board claimed that the person who died on 15.3.2009 was a painter and not a sewage beldar. He gave out that the victi m was engaged by a sub contractor, namely, Kanta Prasad

None of the worker has been given any formal communicati on by the

employer about the hazard present during the work. None has been trained to provide fi rst aid during

any mishappening...

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS18who, in turn, had been engaged by M/s. AARSELF Michigan-JV, to whom contract was awarded for rehabilitati on of sewer in the zoo area. According to Shri Sukhai Ram, the victi m fell into the sewer because he became unconscious aft er inhaling the fumes of epoxy. He also stated that a sum of Rs.1.71 lacs was paid to the family of the victi m by the contractor. In the affi davits fi led on behalf of the Delhi Development and the Delhi State

Industrial Development Corporati on, it was claimed that the deceased workers were not employed by or through them. However, during the course of hearing, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant and other authoriti es conceded that as per the FIRs., the workers had died because they were not provided with protecti ve gears before being asked to work in the manholes.

DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS 199. Aft er considering the affi davits fi led by the State

agencies and the arguments made before it, the Division Bench of the High Court passed order dated 21.4.2009 (impugned order), the relevant porti ons of which read as under:

“On going through the FIR, however, it is clearly seen that the affi davit fi led on behalf of DJB is completely misleading. It is seen from the FIR that the victi m Rajan and another workman, namely, Raj Kumar went inside the sewer through stairs. Before going down they had asked the offi cial of the contractor for safety equipments and oxygen masks, but the offi cial of the contractor did not pay heed to their requests. It is further seen from the FIR that they were working in the same manner for the last one week but despite repeated requests made to the contractor they were not provided with safety equipments and oxygen masks. It is further seen that they were painti ng the sewer and due to presence of toxic gases and lack of oxygen in the sewer, Rajan

became unconscious and ulti mately declared to be dead when he was taken to the hospital. The other workman was feeling giddy and fell down and sustained injuries on his face.

Learned counsel appearing for the DJB conceded that protecti ve equipments were not provided by the DJB in spite of the directi ons issued by this Court vide order dated 20th August, 2008. According to him the responsibility was of the contractor to provide safety equipments as per the contract. It is clear that the sewage workers were left at the mercy of the contractor who failed to take basic precauti ons resulti ng in death of workman Rajan.

Insofar as the death that occurred within the jurisdicti on of DDA, it has been stated in its affi davit that no work of de-silti ng

of sewage lines or otherwise was in progress in the concerned division of DDA in which the accident took place. It was stated that possibly some local residents had employed a person by

While the Committ ee consti tuted by the High Court was examining various issues

concerning the sewage workers including their health and safety, Hindustan Times reported that as many as six sewage workers had died in Delhi in the month of March 2009 due to inhaling of toxic gasses in the manholes

because they did not have protecti ve gears

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS20the name Rakesh Kumar on their own to check the parti cular manhole, in which the incident took place. During the course of arguments, however, learned counsel for DDA conceded that the affi davit does not refl ect the correct positi on. He admitt ed that Rakesh Kumar Saini was entrusted with the work of desilti ng of the sewage lines, but according to him the contract was completed in December, 2008. Further, according to him though the contract provided for a warranty period six months, the contractor could not have carried out any further work in the sewage line without prior permission of the DDA. Counsel states that the DDA had not provided protecti ve gears and equipments as directed by this Court because under the contract it was the responsibility of the contractor to provide the protecti ve gears and equipments.

Insofar as DSIDC is concerned, it is seen from the FIR that four workers were involved in the incident. Two workers namely, Manpal and Ram Braj Yadav died while two others namely, Shyambir Sarvesh and Brajpal Yadav were injured. They were working under the contractor engaged by the DSIDC i.e. M/s Arun Kumar Goel. It is seen from the FIR that the workers were not provided with protecti ve gears and safety equipments.

As already noted, two deaths occurred in Katyal Farms House, Bhaktwarpur Road, Narela. It

DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS 21is seen from the FIR that the workers who died while carrying out the work of cleaning the sewer were employees of the contractor by name Sunil, engaged by the Farm House owners. Learned counsel appearing for the farm house owners state that the owners have paid a sum of Rs. 1 Lac in ex-grati a to the families of each of the victi ms.

At the outset it must be stated that both DJB and DDA have not complied with the directi ons issued by this Court on 20 August, 2008, parti cularly directi ons for providing protecti ve gears and equipment and for issuing employment cards to the contractor’s workers. Let noti ce be issued to the CEO, DJB and the Vice Chairman, DDA to show cause as why acti on for contempt should not be initi ated against them under the Contempt of Courts Act for violati ng the directi ons issued by this Court vide order dated 20

th August, 2008. Noti ce shall be

returnable on 27th

August, 2009.

DDA and DSIDC are directed to deposit the amount of compensati on of Rs.2.5 lacs per worker with the Delhi High Court Legal Services Committ ee (DHCLSC) for being paid to the families of the victi ms within four weeks. It will be open to the DDA/DSIDC to adjust/recover the amount paid from the contractor. According to the DJB, the contractor has already paid a sum of Rs.1.71 lacs to the victi ms’ families. DJB is directed to deposit the balance amount to

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS22compensati on i.e. Rs.79,000/-with the DHCLSC within four weeks. DHCLSC will ascertain whether the amount of Rs.1.71 lacs has been received by the victi ms’ families as stated by the DJB. The owners of Katyal Farm House shall deposit a sum of Rs.1.5 lacs per worker, i.e., in all Rs.3 lacs, with DHCLSC. DHCLSC will ascertain whether the victi ms’ families have received the amount of Rs. 1 lac as claimed by the farm house owners.

The CEO of DJB, Vice Chairman of DDA and Managing Director of DSIDC are directed to fi le their respecti ve affi davits before the Committ ee within four weeks confi rming that their respecti ve affi davits before the Committ ee within four weeks confi rming that their organizati ons have complied with all

the directi ons issued by this Court from ti me to ti me and if there are any shortcomings, to specify them and also to give an undertaking in writi ng before the Committ ee that all shortf alls shall be recti fi ed within a period to be fi xed by the Committ ee. All the three organizati ons are directed to fi le documents before the Committ ee indicati ng:

(i) That all the muster roll workers and the contract workers have been provided with protecti ve gears.

(ii) That all the muster roll workers and the contract workers have been provided provident fund.

(iii) That all the muster roll workers have been given employment card.

DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS 23(iv) That medical examinati on, as directed by

this Court, is being conducted in respect of contract workers free of cost and copies of the medical records may also be furnished to the peti ti oner union.”

10. Learned counsel for the appellant, who had the tacit support of the learned counsel representi ng the Government of Nati onal Capital Territory of Delhi, New Delhi Municipal Council and the Delhi Development Authority, argued that the impugned order is liable to be set aside because by entertaining the writ peti ti on fi led by respondent No.1 in the name of public interest liti gati on and passing orders dated 20.8.2008 and 21.4.2009, the High Court transgressed the limits of its jurisdicti on under Arti cle 226 of the Consti tuti on and usurped the legislati ve power of the State. Learned counsel referred to the directi ons contained in the two orders and argued that the High Court does not have the jurisdicti on to directly or indirectly alter the terms of agreement entered into between the appellant and the contractor – M/s. AARSELF Michigan-JV. Learned counsel further argued that the High Court committ ed serious error by directi ng the appellant to pay compensati on to the family of the worker ignoring that he was employed by M/s. AARSELF Michigan-JV to whom the contract for rehabilitati on of sewer in the zoo area had

been awarded. Learned counsel emphasized that as per the terms of the agreement, it was the duty of the contractor to provide safety equipments to the workers engaged in sewage operati ons and the appellant cannot be made liable for the negligence, if any, of the contractor. Learned counsel then referred to affi davit dated 18.4.2009 fi led by the contractor to show that necessary safety equipments were put in place and argued that the appellant and other public authoriti es cannot be held liable for the accidental deaths. Learned counsel lastly argued that even if the High Court felt that it was the responsibility of the appellant and other public authoriti es to compensate the victi ms of accident, there was no occasion for directi ng issue of noti ce to the higher functi onaries of the appellant and the Delhi Development Authority to show cause against the proposed initi ati on of proceedings under the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 (for short, ‘the 1971 Act’) on the ground of alleged violati on of the directi ons contained in order dated 20.8.2008.

11. Shri Colin Gonsalves, learned senior counsel appearing for respondent No.1 supported the impugned order and the directi ons given by the High Court for ensuring safety of the persons employed by or through the appellant and other State agencies for doing hazardous work by asserti ng that they

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS24cannot be absolved of their liability to compensate the victi ms of accidents merely because the work of laying and maintaining the sewage system has been outsourced. Learned senior counsel submitt ed that the appellant is really not aggrieved by the directi on given for payment of compensati on, but is bothered by the noti ce issued to its Chief Executi ve Offi cer for initi ati on of proceedings under the 1971 Act. He submitt ed that this Court should not entertain the appellant’s grievance against such directi ons because the concerned functi onary can show to the High Court that he has not committ ed contempt within the meaning of Secti on 2(b) of the 1971 Act.

12. In the light of the arguments made by the learned counsel, the following three questi ons arise for our

considerati on:

(1) Whether the High Court was justi fi ed in entertaining the writ peti ti on fi led by respondent No.1 by way of public interest liti gati on for compelling the respondents to take eff ecti ve measures for safety of sewage workers and ordering payment of compensati on to the families of the victi ms of accidents taking place during sewage operati ons,

(2) Whether the directi ons given by the High Court amount to usurpati on of the legislati ve power of the State, and

(3) Whether the High Court was enti tled to issue interim directi on for payment of compensati on to the families of deceased workers.

For achieving the goals set out in the Preamble, the framers of the Consti tuti on identi fi ed and recognised certain basic rights of the citi zens and

individuals and pooled them in Part III, which has the ti tle `Fundamental Rights’ and simultaneously incorporated Directi ve Principles of State Policy

which, though not enforceable by any Court are fundamental in governance of the country and the State is under obligati on to comply with the principles

embodied in Part-IV in making laws

DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS 25Re: Question No.1:

13. At the threshold, we deem it necessary to erase the impression and misgivings of some people that by entertaining peti ti ons fi led by social acti on groups/acti vists/workers and NGOs for espousing the cause of those who, on account of poverty, illiteracy and/or ignorance and similar other handicaps, cannot seek protecti on and vindicati on of their consti tuti onal and/or legal rights and silently suff er due to acti ons and/or omissions of the State apparatus and/or agencies/instrumentaliti es of the State or even private individuals, the superior Courts exceed the unwritt en boundaries of their jurisdicti ons. When the Consti tuti on of India was adopted, the people of this country resolved to consti tute India into a Sovereign Democrati c Republic. They also resolved to secure to all its citi zens justi ce, social, economic and politi cal; liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; equality of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nati on.

14. For achieving the goals set out in the preamble, the framers of the Consti tuti on identi fi ed and recognized certain basic rights of the citi zens and individuals and pooled them in Part III, which has the ti tle `Fundamental Rights’ and simultaneously incorporated Directi ve Principles of State Policy which, though not enforceable by any Court are fundamental in governance of the country and the State is under obligati on to comply with the principles embodied in Part-IV in making laws. Arti cle 38, which was renumbered as Clause (1) thereof by the Consti tuti on (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS26declares that the State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecti ng as eff ecti vely as it may a social order in which justi ce, social, economic and politi cal, shall inform all the insti tuti ons of the nati onal life. Clause (2) of this Arti cle, which was inserted by the same Amending Act declares that State shall, in parti cular, strive to minimize the inequaliti es in income, and endeavour to eliminate inequaliti es in status, faciliti es and opportuniti es, not only amongst individuals, but also amongst groups of people residing in diff erent areas or engaged in diff erent vocati ons. Arti cle 39(e) mandates that the State shall, in parti cular, direct its policy towards securing that the health and strength of workers, men and women, and the tender age of children are not abused and that citi zens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocati ons unsuited to their age or strength. Arti cle 39A which was inserted by the Consti tuti on (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976 lays down that the State shall secure that the operati on of the legal system promotes justi ce, on a basis of equal opportunity, and shall, in parti cular, provide free legal aid, by suitable legislati on or schemes or in any other way, to ensure that opportuniti es for securing justi ce are not denied to any citi zen by reason of economic or other disabiliti es. Arti cle 42 enjoins the State to make provision for securing just

and humane conditi ons of work and for maternity relief.

15. In last 63 years, Parliament and State Legislatures have enacted several laws for achieving the goals set out in the preamble but their implementati on has been extremely inadequate and tardy and benefi t of welfare measures enshrined in those legislati ons has not reached millions of poor, downtrodden and disadvantaged secti ons of the society and the eff orts to bridge the gap between the haves and have-nots have not yield the desired result. The most unfortunate part of the scenario is that whenever one of the three consti tuents of the State i.e., judiciary, has issued directi ons for ensuring that the right to equality, life and liberty no longer remains illusory for those who suff er from the handicaps of poverty, illiteracy and ignorance and directi ons are given for implementati on of the laws enacted by the legislature for the benefi t of the have-nots, a theoreti cal debate is started by raising the bogey of judicial acti vism or judicial overreach and the orders issued for benefi t of the weaker secti ons of the society are invariably subjected to challenge in the higher Courts. In large number of cases, the sole object of this liti gati ve exercise is to ti re out those who genuinely espouse the cause of the weak and poor.

DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS 27

16. This Court has ti me and again emphasized the importance of the peti ti ons fi led pro bono publico for protecti on of the rights of less fortunate and vulnerable secti ons of the society. In People’s Union for Democrati c Rights v. Union of India (1982) 3 SCC 235, this Court said:

“We wish to point out with all the emphasis at our command that public interest liti gati on which is a strategic arm of the legal aid movement and which is intended to bring justi ce within the reach of the poor masses, who consti tute the low visibility area of humanity, is a totally diff erent kind of liti gati on from the ordinary

traditi onal liti gati on which is essenti ally of an adversary character where there is a dispute between two liti gati ng parti es, one making claim or seeking relief against the other and that other opposing such claim or resisti ng such relief. Public interest liti gati on is brought before the court not for the purpose of enforcing the right of one individual against another as happens in the case of ordinary liti gati on, but it is intended to promote and vindicate public interest which demands that violati ons of consti tuti onal or legal rights of large numbers of people who are poor, ignorant or in a socially or economically disadvantaged positi on should not go unnoti ced and unredressed. That would be destructi ve of the rule of law which forms one of the essenti al elements of public interest in any democrati c form of Government. The rule of law does not mean that the protecti on of the law must be available only to a fortunate few or that the law should be allowed to be prosti tuted by the vested interests for protecti ng and upholding the status quo under the guise of enforcement of their civil and politi cal rights. The poor too have civil and politi cal rights and the rule of law is meant for them also, though today it exists only on paper and not in reality. If the sugar barons and the alcohol kings have the fundamental right to carry on their business and to fatt en their purses by exploiti ng the consuming public, have the chamars belonging

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS28priceless and invaluable as they are for freedom and democracy, simply do not exist for the vast masses of our people. Large numbers of men, women and children who consti tute the bulk of our populati on are today living a sub human existence in conditi ons of abject poverty; utt er grinding poverty has broken their back and sapped their moral fi bre.

They have no faith in the existi ng social and economic system.

Public interest liti gati on, as we conceive it, is essenti ally a cooperati ve or collaborati ve eff ort on the part of the peti ti oner, the State or public authority and the court to secure observance of the consti tuti onal or legal rights, benefi ts and privileges conferred upon the vulnerable secti ons of the community and to reach social justi ce to them. The State or public authority against whom public interest liti gati on is brought should be as much interested in

to the lowest strata of society no fundamental right to earn an honest living through their sweat and toil? The former can approach the courts with a formidable army of disti nguished lawyers paid in four or fi ve fi gures per day and if their right to exploit is upheld against the Government under the label of fundamental right, the courts are praised for their boldness and courage and their independence and fearlessness are applauded and acclaimed.

But, if the fundamental right of the poor and helpless victi ms of injusti ce is sought to be enforced by public interest liti gati on, the so-called champions of human rights frown upon it as waste of ti me of the highest court in the land, which, according to them, should not engage itself in such small and trifl ing matt ers.Moreover, these self-styled human rights acti vists forget that civil and politi cal rights,

Public interest liti gati on, as we conceive it, is essenti ally a cooperati ve or collaborati ve eff ort on the part of the peti ti oner, the State or public

authority and the court to secure observance of the consti tuti onal or legal rights, benefi ts and privileges conferred upon the vulnerable secti ons of the

community and to reach social justi ce to them

DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS 29ensuring basic human rights, consti tuti onal as well as legal, to those who are in a socially and economically disadvantaged positi on, as the peti ti oner who brings the public interest liti gati on before the court. The State or public authority which is arrayed as a respondent in public interest liti gati on should, in fact, welcome it, as it would give it an opportunity to right a wrong or to redress an injusti ce done to the poor and weaker secti ons of the community whose welfare is and must be the prime concern of the State or the public authority.

There is a misconcepti on in the minds of some lawyers, journalists and men in public life that public interest liti gati on is unnecessarily clutt ering up the fi les of the court and adding to the already staggering arrears of cases which are pending for long years and it should not therefore be encouraged by the court. This is, to our mind, a totally perverse view smacking of eliti st and status quoist approach. Those who are decrying public interest liti gati on do not seem to realise that courts are not meant only for the rich and the well-to-do, for the landlord and the gentry, for the business magnate and the industrial tycoon, but they exist also for the poor and the down-trodden, the have-nots and the handicapped and the half-hungry millions of our countrymen. So far the courts have been used only for the purpose of vindicati ng the rights of the wealthy and the affl uent. It is

only these privileged classes which have been able to approach the courts for protecti ng their vested interests. It is only the moneyed who have so far had the golden key to unlock the doors of justi ce. ………No State has a right to tell its citi zens that because a large number of cases of the rich and the well-to-do are pending in our courts, we will not help the poor to come to the courts for seeking justi ce unti l the staggering load of cases of people who can aff ord, is disposed of. The ti me has now come when the courts must become the courts for the poor and struggling masses of this country. They must shed their character as upholders of the established order and the status quo. They must be sensiti sed to the need of doing justi ce to the large masses of people to whom justi ce has been denied by a cruel and heartless society for generati ons. The realisati on must come to them that social justi ce is the signature tune of our Consti tuti on and it is their solemn duty under the Consti tuti on to enforce the basic human rights of the poor and vulnerable secti ons of the community and acti vely help in the realisati on of the consti tuti onal goals.”

(emphasis supplied)

17. In Hussainara Khatoon (IV) v. State of Bihar (1980) 1 SCC 98, P.N. Bhagwati , J. (as he then was) observed:

“..… Today, unfortunately, in our country the poor are priced out of the judicial system with

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS30the result that they are losing faith in the capacity of our legal system to bring about changes in their life conditi ons and to deliver justi ce to them. The poor in their contact with the legal system have always been on the wrong side of the line. They have always come across ‘law for the poor’ rather than ‘law of the poor’. The law is regarded by them as something mysterious and forbidding—always taking something away from them and not as a positi ve and constructi ve social device for changing the social economic order and improving their life conditi ons by conferring rights and benefi ts on them. The result is that the legal system has lost its credibility for the weaker secti ons of the community.”

18. In Municipal Council, Ratlam v. Vardhichan (1980) 4 SCC 162, Krishna Iyer, J. said:

“… The truth is that a few profound issues of processual jurisprudence of great strategic signifi cance to our legal system face us and we must zero-in on them as they involve problems of access to justi ce for the people beyond the

blinkered rules of ‘standing’ of Briti sh-Indian vintage. If the centre of gravity of justi ce is to shift , as the Preamble to the Consti tuti on mandates, from the traditi onal individualism of locus standi to the community orientati on of public interest liti gati on, these issues must be considered.…

xxx xxx xxx

. … Why drive common people to public interest acti on? Where directi ve principles have found statutory expression in do’s and don’ts the court will not sit idly by and allow municipal government to become a statutory mockery. The law will relentlessly be enforced and the plea of poor fi nance will be poor alibi when people in misery cry for justi ce.”

19. In State of Utt aranchal v. Balwant Singh Chaufal (2010) 3 SCC 402), this Court examined various facets of public interest liti gati on in the backdrop of criti cism from within and outside the system. Dalveer Bhandari, J. made lucid analysis of the concept and development of public interest

The truth is that a few profound issues of processual jurisprudence of great strategic signifi cance to our legal system face us and we must zero-in on

them as they involve problems of access to justi ce

DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS 31liti gati on in the following three phases:

“Phase I.—It deals with cases of this Court where directi ons and orders were passed primarily to protect fundamental rights under Arti cle 21 of the marginalised groups and secti ons of the society who because of extreme poverty, illiteracy and ignorance cannot approach this Court or the High Courts.

Phase II.—It deals with the cases relati ng to protecti on, preservati on of ecology, environment, forests, marine life, wildlife, mountains, rivers, historical monuments, etc. etc.

Phase III.—It deals with the directi ons issued by the Courts in maintaining the probity, transparency and integrity in governance.”

While dealing with the fi rst phase of development, the Court referred to large number of precedents and recorded its conclusion in the following words:

“We would not like to overburden the judgement by multi plying these cases, but a brief resume of these cases demonstrates that in

order to preserve and protect the fundamental rights of marginalised, deprived and poor secti ons of the society, the courts relaxed the traditi onal rule of locus standi and broadened the defi niti on of aggrieved persons and gave directi ons and orders. We would like to term cases of this period where the Court relaxed the rule of locus standi as the fi rst phase of the public interest liti gati on. The Supreme Court and the High Courts earned great respect and acquired great credibility in the eyes of public because of their innovati ve eff orts to protect and preserve the fundamental rights of people

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS32belonging to the poor and marginalised secti ons of the society.”

20. These judgements are complete answer to the appellant’s objecti on to the maintainability of the writ peti ti on fi led by respondent No.1. What the High Court has done by entertaining the writ peti ti on and issuing directi ons for protecti on of the persons employed to do work relati ng to sewage operati ons is part of its obligati on to do justi ce to

the disadvantaged and poor secti ons of the society. We may add that the superior Courts will be failing in their consti tuti onal duty if they decline to entertain peti ti ons fi led by genuine social groups, NGOs and social workers for espousing the cause of those who are deprived of the basic rights available to every human being, what to say of fundamental rights guaranteed under the Consti tuti on. It is the duty of the judicial consti tuent of the State like its

politi cal and executi ve consti tuents to protect the rights of every citi zen and every individual and ensure that everyone is able to live with dignity. Given the opti on, no one would like to enter the manhole of sewage system for cleaning purposes, but there are people who are forced to undertake such hazardous jobs with the hope that at the end of the day they will be able to make some money and feed their family. They risk their lives

for the comfort of others. Unfortunately, for last few decades, a substanti al segment of the urban society has become insensiti ve to the plight of the poor and downtrodden including those, who, on account of sheer economic compulsions, undertake jobs/works which are inherently dangerous to life. People belonging to this segment do not want to understand why a person is made to enter manhole

If the system can devote ... months to hear the eliti st class of eminent advocates who are engaged by those who are accused of evading payment of

taxes ... causing loss to public exchequer or who are accused of committi ng heinous crimes ... and even acts of terrorism ..., some ti me can always be

devoted for hearing the grievance of vast majority of silent suff erers

DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS 33without safety gears and proper equipments. They look the other way when the body of a worker who dies in the manhole is taken out with the help of ropes and cranes. In this scenario, the Courts are not only enti tled but are under consti tuti onal obligati on to take cognizance of the issues relati ng to the lives of the people who are forced to undertake jobs which are hazardous and dangerous to life. It will be a tragic and sad day when the superior Courts will shut their doors for those, who without any moti ve for personal gain or other extraneous reasons, come forward to seek protecti on and enforcement of the legal and consti tuti onal rights of the poor, downtrodden and disadvantaged secti ons of the society. If the system can devote hours, days and months to hear the eliti st class of eminent advocates who are engaged by those who are accused of evading payment of taxes and duti es or otherwise causing loss to public exchequer or who are accused of committi ng heinous crimes like murder, rape, dowry death, kidnapping, abducti on and even acts of terrorism or who come forward with the grievance that their fundamental right to equality has been violated by the State and/or its agencies/instrumentaliti es in contractual matt ers, some ti me can always be devoted for hearing the grievance of vast majority of silent suff erers whose cause is espoused by bodies like respondent No.1.

Re: Question No.2:

21. There have been instances in which this Court has exercised its power under Arti cle 32 read with Arti cle 142 and issued guidelines and directi ons to fi ll the vacuum. Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan (1997) 6 SCC 241, Vineet Narain v. Union of India (1998) 1 SCC 226 and Union of India v. Associati on for Democrati c Reforms (2002) 5 SCC 294 are illuminati ng examples of the exercise of this Court’s power under Arti cle 32 for ensuring justi ce to the common man and eff ecti ve exercise of fundamental rights by the citi zens. In Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan (supra), the Court entertained the peti ti on fi led by certain social acti vists and NGOs for eff ecti ve protecti on of fundamental rights of working women under Arti cles 14, 19 and 21. In paragraph 11 of the judgement, the Court made a note of its obligati on under Arti cle 32 of the Consti tuti on in the following words:

“11. The obligati on of this Court under Arti cle 32 of the Consti tuti on for the enforcement of these fundamental rights in the absence of legislati on must be viewed along with the role of judiciary envisaged in the Beijing Statement of Principles of the Independence of the Judiciary in the LAWASIA region. These principles were accepted by the Chief Justi ces of Asia and the Pacifi c at Beijing in

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS341995 as those representi ng the minimum standards necessary to be observed in order to maintain the independence and eff ecti ve functi oning of the judiciary. The objecti ves of the judiciary menti oned in the Beijing Statement are:

“Objecti ves of the Judiciary:

10. The objecti ves and functi ons of the Judiciary include the following:

(a) to ensure that all persons are able to live securely under the rule of law;

(b) to promote, within the proper limits of the judicial functi on, the observance and the att ainment of human rights; and

(c) to administer the law imparti ally among persons and between persons and the State.”

22. In Vineet Narain v. Union of India (supra), the Court observed:

“The powers conferred on this Court by the Consti tuti on are ample to remedy this defect and to ensure enforcement of the concept of equality.

There are ample powers conferred by Arti cle 32 read with Arti cle 142 to make orders which have the eff ect of law by virtue of Arti cle 141 and there is mandate to all authoriti es to act in aid of the orders of this Court as provided in Arti cle 144 of the Consti tuti on. In a catena of decisions of this Court, this power has been recognised and exercised, if need be, by issuing necessary directi ons to fi ll the vacuum ti ll such ti me the legislature steps in to cover the gap or the executi ve discharges its role.”

(emphasis supplied)

23. In Union of India v. Associati on for Democrati c Reforms (supra), this Court was called upon to examine the correctness of the directi ons given

DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS 35by the Division Bench of Delhi High Court for implementati on of the recommendati ons made by the Law Commission in its 170th

Report. While modifying the directi ons given by the High Court, the Court observed:

“45. Finally, in our view this Court would have ample power to direct the Commission to fi ll the void, in the absence of suitable legislati on covering the fi eld and the voters are required to be well informed and educated about contesti ng candidates so that they can elect a proper candidate by their own assessment. It is the duty of the executi ve to fi ll the vacuum by executi ve orders because its fi eld is coterminous with that of the legislature, and where there is inacti on by the executi ve, for whatever reason, the judiciary must step in, in exercise of its consti tuti onal obligati ons to provide a soluti on ti ll such ti me the legislature acts to perform its role by enacti ng proper legislati on to cover the fi eld. The adverse impact of lack of probity in public life leading to a high degree of corrupti on is manifold. Therefore, if the candidate is directed to declare his/her spouse’s and dependants’ assets —immovable, movable and valuable arti cles — it would have its own eff ect. This Court in Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan dealt with the incident of sexual harassment of a woman at work place which resulted in violati on of fundamental right of

gender equality and the right to life and liberty and laid down that in the absence of legislati on, it must be viewed along with the role of the judiciary envisaged in the Beijing Statement of Principles of Independence of Judiciary in the LAWASIA region. The decision has laid down the guidelines and prescribed the norms to be strictly observed in all work places unti l suitable legislati on is enacted to occupy the fi eld. In the present case also, there is no legislati on or rules providing for giving necessary informati on to the voters. As stated earlier, this case was relied upon in Vineet Narain case where the

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS36Court has issued necessary guidelines to CBI and the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) as there was no legislati on covering the said fi eld to ensure proper implementati on of the rule of law.”

24. In view of the principles laid down in the aforesaid judgements, we do not have any slightest hesitati on to reject the argument that by issuing the directi ons, the High Court has assumed the legislati ve power of the State. What the High Court has done is nothing except to ensure that those employed/engaged for doing work which is inherently hazardous and

dangerous to life are provided with life saving equipments and the employer takes care of their safety and health. The State and its agencies/instrumentaliti es cannot absolve themselves of the responsibility to put in place eff ecti ve mechanism for ensuring safety of the workers employed for maintaining and cleaning the sewage system. The human beings who are employed for doing the work in the sewers cannot be treated as mechanical robots, who may not be aff ected by poisonous gases in the manholes. The State and its agencies/instrumentaliti es or the contractors engaged by them are under a consti tuti onal obligati on to ensure the safety of the persons who are asked to undertake hazardous jobs. The argument of choice and contractual freedom is not available to the appellant and the like for contesti ng the issues raised by respondent No.1.

Re: Question No.3:

25. We shall now consider whether the High Court was justi fi ed in issuing interim directi ons for payment of compensati on to the families of the victi ms. At the outset, we deprecate the atti tude of a public authority like the appellant, who has used the judicial process for frustrati ng the eff ort made by respondent No.1 for getti ng compensati on to the workers, who died due to negligence of

The State ... cannot absolve themselves of the responsibility to put in place eff ecti ve mechanism for ensuring safety of the workers

employed for maintaining and cleaning the sewage system. The human beings who are employed for doing the work in the sewers cannot be treated as mechanical

robots

DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS 37the contractor to whom the work of maintaining sewage system was outsourced. We also express our dismay that the High Court has thought it proper to direct payment of a paltry amount of Rs.1.5 to 2.25 lakhs to the families of the victi ms. Rudul Sah v. State of Bihar (1983) 4 SCC 141 is the lead case in which the Court exercised its power under Arti cle 32 for compensati ng a person who was unlawfully detained for 14 years. Paragraphs 9 and 10 of the judgement, which contain the reasons for making a departure from the old and anti quated rule that a person, who has suff ered due to the negligence of a public authority, can claim damages by fi ling suit, are extracted below:

“9. It is true that Arti cle 32 cannot be used as a substi tute for the enforcement of rights and obligati ons which can be enforced effi caciously through the ordinary processes of courts, civil and criminal. A money claim has therefore to be agitated in and adjudicated upon in a suit insti tuted in a Court of lowest grade competent to try it. But the important questi on for our considerati on is whether in the exercise of its jurisdicti on under Arti cle 32, this Court can pass an order for the payment of money if such an order is in the nature of compensati on consequenti al upon the deprivati on of a fundamental right…… ……...

10. We cannot resist this argument. We see no eff ecti ve answer to it save the stale and sterile objecti on that the peti ti oner may, if so advised, fi le a suit to recover damages from the State Government. Happily, the State’s counsel has not raised that objecti on. The peti ti oner could have been relegated to the ordinary remedy of a suit if his claim to compensati on was factually controversial, in the sense that a civil court may or may not have upheld his claim. But we have no doubt that if the peti ti oner fi les a suit to recover damages for his illegal detenti on, a decree for damages would have to be passed in that suit, though it is not possible to predicate, in the absence of evidence, the precise amount which

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS38would be decreed in his favour. In these circumstances, the refusal of this Court to pass an order of compensati on in favour of the peti ti oner will be doing mere lip-service to his fundamental right to liberty which the State Government has so grossly violated. Arti cle 21 which guarantees the right to life and liberty will be denuded of its signifi cant content if the power of this Court were limited to passing orders of release from illegal detenti on. One of the telling ways in which the violati on of that right can reasonably be prevented and due compliance with the mandate of Arti cle 21 secured, is to mulct its violators in the payment of monetary compensati on. Administrati ve sclerosis leading to fl agrant infringements of fundamental rights cannot be corrected by any other method open to the judiciary to adopt. The right to compensati on is some palliati ve for the unlawful acts of instrumentaliti es which act in the name of public interest and which present for their protecti on the powers of the State as a shield. If civilisati on is not to perish in this country as it has perished in some others too well known to suff er menti on, it is necessary to educate ourselves into accepti ng that, respect for the rights of individuals is the true basti on of democracy. Therefore, the State must

DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS 39repair the damage done by its offi cers to the peti ti oner’s rights. It may have recourse against those offi cers.”

26. In Nilabati Behera v. State of Orissa (1993) 2 SCC 746, this Court awarded compensati on to the mother of a young man who was beaten to death in police custody. The Court held that its powers to enforce fundamental rights carries with it an obligati on to forge new tools for doing justi ce. In Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity v. State of W.B. (1996) 4 SCC 37, this Court examined the issue whether a victi m of apathy of the staff of government hospital is enti tled to compensati on and answered the same in the following words:

“The Consti tuti on envisages the establishment of a welfare State at the federal level as well as at the State level. In a welfare State the primary duty of the Government is to secure the welfare of the people. Providing adequate medical faciliti es for the people is an essenti al part of the obligati ons undertaken by the Government in a welfare State. The Government discharges this obligati on by running hospitals and health centres which provide medical care to the person seeking to avail of those faciliti es. Arti cle 21 imposes an obligati on on the State to safeguard the right to life of every person. Preservati on of human life is thus of paramount importance. The government hospitals run by

the State and the medical offi cers employed therein are duty-bound to extend medical assistance for preserving human life. Failure on the part of a government hospital to provide ti mely medical treatment to a person in need of such treatment results in violati on of his right to life guaranteed under Arti cle 21. In the present case there was breach of the said right of Hakim Seikh guaranteed under Arti cle 21 when he was denied treatment at the various government hospitals which were approached even though his conditi on was very serious at that ti me and he was in need of immediate medical att enti on. Since the said denial of the right of Hakim Seikh guaranteed under Arti cle 21 was by offi cers of the State, in hospitals run by the State, the State cannot avoid its responsibility for such denial of the consti tuti onal right of Hakim Seikh. In respect of deprivati on of the consti tuti onal rights guaranteed under Part III of the Consti tuti on the positi on is well sett led that adequate compensati on can be awarded by the court for such violati on by way of redress in proceedings under Arti cles 32 and 226 of the Consti tuti on. (See: Rudul Sah v. State of Bihar; Nilabati Behera v. State of Orissa; Consumer Educati on and Research Centre v. Union of India.) Hakim Seikh should, therefore, be suitably compensated for the breach of his right guaranteed under Arti cle 21 of the Consti tuti on. Having regard to the

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS40facts and circumstances of the case, we fi x the amount of such compensati on at Rs 25,000. A sum of Rs 15,000 was directed to be paid to Hakim Seikh as interim compensati on under the orders of this Court dated 22-4-1994. The balance amount should be paid by Respondent 1 to Hakim Seikh within one month.

It is no doubt true that fi nancial resources are needed for providing these faciliti es. But at the same ti me it cannot be ignored that it is the consti tuti onal obligati on of the State to provide adequate medical services to the people. Whatever is necessary for this purpose has to be done. In the context of the consti tuti onal obligati on to provide free legal aid to a poor accused this Court has held that the State cannot avoid its consti tuti onal obligati on in that regard on account of fi nancial constraints. [See: Khatri (II) v. State of Bihar, SCC at p. 631.] The said observati ons would apply with equal,

if not greater, force in the matt er of discharge of consti tuti onal obligati on of the State to provide medical aid to preserve human life. In the matt er of allocati on of funds for medical services the said consti tuti onal obligati on of the State has to be kept in view. It is necessary that a ti me-bound plan for providing these services should be chalked out keeping in view the recommendati ons of the Committ ee as well as the requirements for ensuring availability of proper medical services in this regard as indicated by us and steps should be taken to implement the same. The State of West Bengal alone is a party to these proceedings. Other States, though not parti es, should also take necessary steps in the light of the recommendati ons made by the Committ ee, the directi ons contained in the memorandum of the Government of West Bengal dated 22-8-1995 and the further directi ons given herein.”

“The word “LIFE” has also been used prominently in the Universal Declarati on of Human Rights, 1948. (See Arti cle 3 quoted above.) The

fundamental rights under the Consti tuti on are almost in consonance with the rights contained in the Universal Declarati on of Human Rights as also the Declarati on and the Covenants of Civil and Politi cal Rights and the Covenants

of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, to which India is a party having rati fi ed them

DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS 4127. In Chairman, Railway Board v. Chandrima Das

(2000) 2 SCC 465, this Court considered the questi on whether the High Court could entertain the peti ti on fi led by the respondent by way of Public Interest Liti gati on and award compensati on of Rs.10 lakhs to Hanuff a Khatoon, a nati onal of Bangladesh, who was sexually assaulted by the employees of Eastern Railway. While rejecti ng the argument of the appellant that the victi m of rape could have availed remedy by fi ling suit in a Civil Court, the two-Judge Bench referred to the disti ncti on made between “public law” and “private law” in Common Cause, A Registered Society v. Union of India (1999) 6 SCC 667 and other cases in which compensati on was awarded for violati on of diff erent rights and observed:

“Having regard to what has been stated above, the contenti on that Smt Hanuff a Khatoon should have approached the civil court for damages and the matt er should not have been considered in a peti ti on under Arti cle 226 of the Consti tuti on, cannot be accepted. Where public functi onaries are involved and the matt er relates to the violati on of fundamental rights or the enforcement of public duti es, the remedy would sti ll be available under the public law notwithstanding that a suit could be fi led for damages under private law.”

The Court then referred to the fundamental rights guaranteed under Arti cles 20 and 21 of the

Consti tuti on and proceeded to observe:

“The word “LIFE” has also been used prominently in the Universal Declarati on of Human Rights, 1948. (See Arti cle 3 quoted above.) The fundamental rights under the Consti tuti on are almost in consonance with the rights contained in the Universal Declarati on of Human Rights as also the Declarati on and the Covenants of Civil and Politi cal Rights and the Covenants of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, to which India is a party having rati fi ed them, as set out by this Court in Kubic Darusz v. Union of India. That being so, since “LIFE” is also recognised as a basic human right in

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS42the Universal Declarati on of Human Rights, 1948, it has to have the same meaning and interpretati on as has been placed on that word by this Court in its various decisions relati ng to Arti cle 21 of the Consti tuti on. The meaning of the word “life” cannot be narrowed down. According to the tenor of the language used in Arti cle 21, it will be available not only to every citi zen of this country, but also to a “person” who may not be a citi zen of the country.

Let us now consider the meaning of the word “LIFE” interpreted by this Court from ti me to ti me. In Kharak Singh v. State of U.P. it was held that the term “life” indicates something more than mere animal existence. (See also State of Maharashtra v. Chandrabhan Tale.) The inhibiti ons contained in Arti cle 21 against its deprivati on extend even to those faculti es by which life is enjoyed. In Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India it was held that the right to life under Arti cle 21 means the right to live with dignity, free from exploitati on. (See also Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India and Board of Trustees of the Port of Bombay v. Dilipkumar Raghavendranath Nadkarni.)

On this principle, even those who are not citi zens of this country and come here merely as tourists or in any other capacity will be enti tled to the protecti on of their lives in accordance with the consti tuti onal provisions. They also have a right to “life” in this country. Thus, they also have the right to live, so long as they are here, with human dignity. Just as the State is under an obligati on to protect the life of every citi zen in this country, so also the State is under

an obligati on to protect the life of the persons who are not citi zens.”

The questi on whether the Central Government can be held vicariously liable for the off ence of rape committ ed by the employees of the Railways was answered in negati ve by relying upon the judgements in State of

Rajasthan v. Vidhyawati AIR 1962 SC 933, State of Gujarat v. Memon Mahomed Haji Hasam AIR 1967 SC 1885, Basavva Kom Dyamangouda Pati l v. State of Mysore (1977) 4 SCC 358, N. Nagendra Rao and Company v. State of A.P. (1994) 6 SCC 205 and State of Maharasthra v. Kanchanmala Vijaysing Shirke (1995) 5 SCC 659.

The term “life” indicates something more than mere

animal existence. The inhibiti ons contained in Arti cle 21 against its deprivati on extend even to those faculti es by which life is enjoyed

DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS 4328. In M.S. Grewal v. Deep Chand Sood (2001) 8 SCC

151, this Court examined the questi on whether the High Court of Himachal Pradesh was justi fi ed in entertaining the writ peti ti on fi led by the parents of 14 children, who died due to drowning in a river when they were on picnic organised by the school authoriti es. While rejecti ng the objecti on to the maintainability of the writ peti ti on, the Court referred to Rudul Sah v. State of Bihar (supra), Nilabati Behera v. State of Orissa (supra) and D.K. Basu v. State of W.B. (1997) 1 SCC 416 and observed:

“Next is the issue “maintainability of the writ peti ti on” before the High Court under Arti cle 226 of the Consti tuti on. The appellants though initi ally very strongly contended that while the negligence aspect has been dealt with under penal law already, the claim for compensati on cannot but be left to be adjudicated by the civil law and thus the civil court’s jurisdicti on ought to have been invoked rather than by way of a writ peti ti on under Arti cle 226 of the Consti tuti on. This plea of non-maintainability of the writ peti ti on though advanced at the initi al stage of the submissions but subsequently the same was not pressed and as such we need not detain ourselves on that score, excepti ng however recording that the law courts exist for the society and they have an obligati on to meet the social aspirati ons of citi zens since law courts must also respond to the needs of

the people. In this context, reference may be made to two decisions of this Court: the fi rst in line is the decision in Nilabati Behera v. State of Orissa wherein this Court relying upon the decision in Rudul Sah (Rudul Sah v. State of Bihar) decried the illegality and impropriety in awarding compensati on in a proceeding in which the court’s power under Arti cles 32 and 226 of the Consti tuti on stands invoked and thus observed that it was a clear case for award of compensati on to the peti ti oner for custodial death of her son. It is undoubtedly true, however, that in the present context, there is no infringement of the State’s obligati on, unless of course the State can also be termed to be a joint tortf easor, but since the case of the parti es stands restricted and without imparti ng any liability on the State, we do not deem it expedient to deal with the issue any further except noti ng the two decisions of this Court as above and without expression of any opinion in regard thereto.”

On the questi on of quantum of damages, the Court made the following observati ons:

“Be it placed on record that in assessing damages, all relevant materials should and ought always to be placed before the court so as to enable the court to come to a conclusion in the matt er of aff ectati on of pecuniary benefi t by reason of the unfortunate death. Though mathemati cal nicety is not required

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS44but a rough and ready esti mate can be had from the records claiming damages since award of damages cannot be had without any material evidence: whereas one party is to be compensated, the other party is to compensate and as such there must always be some materials available therefore. It is not a fanciful item of compensati on but it is on legiti mate expectati on of loss of pecuniary benefi ts. In Grand Trunk Rly. Co. of Canada v. Jennings this well-accepted principle stands reiterated as below:

“In assessing the damages, all circumstances which may be legiti mately pleaded in diminuti on of the damages must be considered. It is not a mere guesswork neither is it the resultant eff ect of a compassionate atti tude.”

As noti ced above, a large number of decisions were placed before this Court as regards the quantum of compensati on varying between 50,000 to one lakh in regard to the unfortunate deaths of the young children. We do deem it fi t to record that while judicial precedents undoubtedly have some relevance as regards the principles of law, but the quantum of assessment stands dependent on the fact situati on of the matt er before the court, than judicial precedents. As regards the quantum, no decision as such can be taken to be of binding precedent as such, since each case has

to be dealt with on its own peculiar facts and thus compensati on is also to be assessed on the basis thereof, though however, the same can act as a guide: placement in the society, fi nancial status diff ers from person to person and as such assessment would also diff er. The whole issue is to be judged on the basis of the fact situati on of the matt er concerned though however, not on mathemati cal nicety.”

DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS 4529. Reference also deserves to be made to MCD v. Assn.

of Victi ms of Uphaar Tragedy and others (2005) 9 SCC 586 whereby this Court entertained the appeal fi led against the order passed by the Delhi High Court for payment of compensati on to the families of those who died in Uphaar tragedy and directed the appellants to deposit Rs.3,01,40,000/-with a further directi on that 50% of the amount shall be available for distributi on to the claimants.

30. In view of the law laid down in the afore-menti oned judgements, the appellant’s challenge to the interim directi ons given by the High Court for payment of compensati on to the families of the workers deserves to be rejected. However, that is not the end of the matt er. We feel that the High Court should have taken cue from the judgement in Chairman, Railway Board v. Chandrima Das (supra) and awarded compensati on which could be treated as reasonable. Though, it is not possible to draw any parallel between the trauma

suff ered by a victi m of rape and the family of a person who dies due to the negligence of others, but the High Court could have taken note of the fact that this Court had approved the award of compensati on of Rs.10 lacs in 1998 to the victi m of rape as also increase in the cost of living and done well to award compensati on of atleast Rs.5 lacs to the families of those who died due to negligence of the public authority like the appellant who did not take eff ecti ve measures for ensuring safety of the sewage workers. We may have remitt ed the case to the High Court for passing appropriate order for payment of enhanced compensati on but keeping in view the fact that further delay would add to the miseries of the family of the victi m, we deem it proper to exercise power under Arti cle 142 of the Consti tuti on and direct the appellant to pay a sum of Rs.3.29 lakhs to the family of the victi m through Delhi High Court State Legal Services Committ ee. This would be in additi on to Rs.1.71 lakhs already paid by the contractor.

31. In the result, the appeal is dismissed subject to the aforesaid directi on regarding the amount of compensati on to be paid by the appellant. It is needless to say that the appellant shall be enti tled to recover the additi onal amount from the contractor. Respondent No.1 shall also be enti tled to fi le appropriate applicati on before the High

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS46Court for payment of enhanced compensati on to the families of other victi ms and we have no doubt that the High Court will entertain such request.

32. With a view to obviate further delay in implementati on of the directi ons contained in the fi rst order passed by the High Court on 20.8.2008, we direct the appellant to ensure compliance of clauses (a), (b), (d), (e), (f), (g), (i), (k), (m) and (n) within a period of two months from today and submit a report to the High Court. The appellant shall also ensure that these directi ons are complied with by the contractors engaged by it for executi on of work relati ng to laying and maintenance of sewer system within the area of its jurisdicti on. A report to this eff ect be also submitt ed to the High Court within two months. Additi onally, we direct that in future the appellant shall ensure that the directi ons already given by the High Court and which may be given hereaft er are made part of all agreements which may be executed with contractors/private enterprises for doing work relati ng to sewage system.

33. The directi ons contained in the preceding paragraph do not imply that the appellant and other agencies/instrumentaliti es of the State like New Delhi Municipal Council, Municipal Corporati on of Delhi, Delhi State Industrial Development Corporati on are

not required to comply with the directi ons given by the High Court. Rather, they too shall have to submit similar reports.

34. As regards the other clauses of paragraph 9 of order dated 20.8.2008, the High Court may give necessary directi ons so that they are complied with and implemented by the State and its agencies/instrumentaliti es without any delay.

35. The case be listed before the Division Bench of the High Court in the third week of September, 2011 for further orders.

…..…..…….………………….…J.

[G.S. Singhvi]

…..…..……..…..………………..J.

[Asok Kumar Ganguly]

New DelhiJuly 12, 2011.

ANNEXUREANNEXURE

HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHIWRIT PETITION CIVIL NO.5232/2007

Nati onal Campaign for Dignity & Rights of Sewerage & Allied Workers,

thr. Hemlata Kansoti a ...Peti ti onerThrough: Mr.Colin Gonsalves, Sr. Advocate with Mr.Jai Singh, Advocate

VersusMCD and others ...Respondents

Through: Mr.Ajay Arora. Adv. For MCD Mr. Suresh Tripathi, Adv. For DJB Ms.Zubeda Begum, Adv for PWDMr.Ajay Verma, Adv. For DDA Ms.Jyoti Singh, Adv. For NDMC Mr.R. Nanavaty, Adv. For Delhi Cantt Board. Mr.Yogesh Malhotra, Adv. For R-4

CORAM:HON’BLE THE CHIEF JUSTICEHON’BLE DR. JUSTICE S.MURALIDHAR

1. Whether reporters of the local newspapers be allowed to see the judgement?

2. To be referred to the Reporter or not ?

3. Whether the judgement should be reported in the Digest ?

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS48ORDER

20.08.2008

1. This public interest liti gati on concerns the working conditi ons of those employed for cleaning of the sewers in the city of Delhi. It shows that their working conditi ons are wholly incompati ble with human dignity and hazardous for their health and safety. The report by the Centre for Educati on and Communicati on (CUC) is placed on record, which apart from analysing the data gathered through the survey conducted in Delhi also suggests short and long term measures to tackle the issue. Reliance is also placed on the order dated 15th February, 2006 of the High Court of Gujarat in Praveen Rashtrapal v. Chief Offi cer. Kadi Municipality (SCA Nos.8989/2001 and 11706/2004) where a series of directi ons have been issued.

2. At the fi rst hearing of the PIL, Division Bench of this Court while directi ng Rule issued, inter alia, the following directi ons:

“Having given our careful considerati on to the submissions made at the bar, we are of the opinion that a case is made out for the interventi on of this Court in public interest. We are also of the view that any process of evaluati on of the existi ng systems, the feasibility of reforms in the same would require to be monitored. This can, in our opinion, be done more eff ecti vely if the agencies concerned have an opportunity to fi rst interact with each other and evaluate the opti ons available to them. That process could be undertaken before a local commissioner or a committ ee appointed

by this Court as has been done in many cases involving public interest, but to save cost and yet make the process eff ecti ve and speedy, we would request one of our Hon’ble brother judges to donate some ti me beyond the court hours to work out a feasible soluti on to the problem acceptable to all. If that happens, the matt er can be listed for orders and disposal before the Court subject to such modifi cati ons in the proposed soluti on as the Court may deem fi t and proper. In case, however, a soluti on eludes the exercise requiring any directi on from this Court, the matt er shall be listed for directi ons before the Court.

We accordingly request Hon’ble Dr.Justi ce S. Muralidhar, a judge of this Court, to donate some of his valuable ti me beyond court hours in an att empt to fi nd out a workable soluti on to the problem in consultati on with all concerned including experts, if any on the subject. The parti es shall appear before Dr.S. Muralidhar, J on Saturday the 18th August, 2007 at 11.00 a.m. in his lordships chamber.”

3. Thereaft er, fairly elaborate detailed hearings were held by Dr. S. Muralidhar, J on 18th August, 2007, 22nd September, 2007 and 1st December, 2007. Although a number of issues have been highlighted by the peti ti oner, the issues that have been considered on priority basis include : (a) deaths of the sewer workers, (b) their health and safety, (c) the steps to prevent recurrence of deaths and injuries of the sewer workers and to improve their working conditi ons

ANNEXURE 49(d) the compensati on if any paid for the deaths of the workers in the course of their employment and (e) the steps to be taken to phase out manual work and replace it with mechanized sewer cleaning. By order dated 5th April, 2008, which is in the form of a report, magnitude of the problem has been noted with reference to the affi davit dated 4th April, 2008 of Delhi Jal Board (DJB) wherein it is menti oned that “the infrastructure in the Nati onal Capital comprises of a network of 6150 Kms long sewers. Out of this 150 Kms is the length of trunk sewers, 1500 Kms is the length of peripheral sewers and 4500 Kms is the length of nternal sewers. The sewer network is connected to 17 Sewage Treatment Plants, having a composite capacity of 512.4 MGD. Besides, there are 33 major Sewage Pumping Stati ons located at various locati ons to pump the sewage wherever required.” It was noted that at present 3923 permanent workers are employed against 4171 sancti oned posts. In additi on there are 1403 muster roll workers. Apart from these workers, contract labour is also engaged from ti me to ti me. It was further noted that although guidelines on safety have been issued by DJB in November, 2002, they are being observed more in its breach and the DJB is not serious about the implementati on of its own safety guidelines. It was further noted that so far as DJB is concerned there have been a total of 36 deaths of sewer workers since 2002 out of which 30 were contract workers and 6 were in regular employment. It was also noted that in spite of repeated directi ons, DJB has failed to conduct inquiries into the deaths and injuries of sewer workers. It was noted that there are

many aspects of the matt er that will require further monitoring to ensure that real changes are brought about in the working conditi ons of sewer workers. In parti cular the liability of the DJB and the contractors under the CLRA and their liability to pay compensati on under the WC Act (as amended in 2002) will have to be examined. Even while a workable scheme of remedial measures is formulated, the reasons for the deaths of the sewer workers and for the failure of the DBJ and its contractors to comply with the 2002 guidelines must be unearthed for which the DJB has to honour its commitments to the Court with all seriousness.

4. Thereaft er the matt er was placed before the Division Bench and by order dated 11th April, 2008, the Court called upon the DJB and NDMC to fi le status report setti ng out the requisite informati on and, inter alia, stati ng: (a) the number of deaths that have taken place from the year 2002 onwards; (b) have any enquiries/investi gati ons at any level been conducted by the authoriti es into the cases of such deaths; (c) if enquiries were conducted, was any acti on taken either against the contractor who employed the deceased workers or against any other functi onary of the local body under whom the contractor was engaged; (d) if there any proposal for improvement of the working conditi ons of the sewer workers, if so what are those proposals and what steps have been taken by the local bodies to implement the recommendati ons, if any, made in that regard; (e) in case there are no proposals, are the local bodies willing to frame guidelines and take measures to prevent such deaths in future and to provide bett er working conditi ons to the workers

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS50engaged for cleaning work; (f) if there any provision for payment of compensati on to the families of the deceased workers and for those who suff er a disability while working. If so what is the scheme and have any payments under the same been made.

5. Pursuant to the above order, NDMC has filed affidavit dated 8th May, 2008 wherein it has been asserted that no NDMC employee/ contractor’s labour has died during cleaning of sewer lines/manholes since the year 2002 due to negligence/ non-adopti on of safety measures. However, it is conceded that 3 persons working under the NDMC contractor died on 7th December, 2003 due to inhalati on of toxic gases from the sewer lines. It is stated that the above three persons entered in the manholes without obtaining any permission/approval from Engineer-in-Charge of the site and without any safety precauti on/ measures which are required before entering into a sewer line. It is further stated that since it was a case of accident and not negligence, no inquiry was conducted. According to NDMC, there is scope for improvement of the working conditi ons of the sewer workers and following steps have been taken by NDMC in this directi on:

“1. As far as possible cleaning of sewer lines/ manholes is done mechanically. Entry of human beings is being restricted to the rarest of rare cases only where mechanical cleaning is not possible.

2. In cases where manual cleaning is done, it is ensured that all safety equipments are used and all precauti ons are taken.

Sewermen are not allowed to remain in deep manholes for more than 5-10 minutes at a stretch. The concerned Junior Engineer / Assistant Engineer remains present at site during the enti re cleaning operati on.

3. All safety appliances like air breathing apparatus, full face cover safety mask, safety belts, torch, safety goggles, safety helmets, safety belts, gum boots, diving suits, air blowers and exhausts etc. are being extensively used.

4. Free medical faciliti es are provided to all employees for health checkup, treatment and hospitalizati on etc. in state of the art hospitals of capital. A list of all such hospitals is given below:-

(l) Max Balaji Hospital, Indraprastha

(2) .... .... .... .... .... ....

(3) .... .... .... .... .... ....

(4) .... .... .... .... .... ....

26) Charak Palika Hospital, Moti Bagh

5. All the sewermen are insured for Rs.1.00 lac each with the Nati onal Insurance Company Ltd.-for which the premium is paid by NDMC This is besides the General Insurance Scheme which is applicable to the Government Employees as per Centra! Govt. Rules.

ANNEXURE 516. Accommodati on is given to the sewermen

as per the availability/seniority. At every service centre labour rest room has been provided. For the educati on of their family members several NDMC schools are functi oning in NDMC area.

7. Drinking water, bathing and washing facility is provided at the stores / service centres. Recreati onal club has been provided by NDMC for its employees.

8. Training for use of appliances and other safety equipments is given to the workers by the department itself. Programme for training from other agencies is being chalked out.”

6. The DJB has fi led status report dated 7th July, 2008 in which it is admitt ed that number of deaths since 2002 is 36 and six of those workers were employed by DBJ and 30 were contract workers. The reasons for the deaths in most of the cases have not been given. In the cases in which reasons have been furnished, the cause of death has been att ributed to lack of safety equipments or negligence. In none of these cases any disciplinary acti on has been taken and apart from simple warning, which has been issued in majority of cases, no acti on has been taken against the concerned offi cial or contractor, responsible for the workers’ safety. It is further stated in the status report that the DJB has now made functi onal Safety and Disaster Management Cell that will take care of issues concerning the sewer workers. Instructi ons have been

issued to all concerned to incorporate a clause in the contract agreement to reserve the right of DJB to debar/blacklist a defaulti ng fi rm. The report further states that the following proposals for improvement of the working conditi ons have been made:

“i. Safety awareness programs

ii. Circulati ons of dos and don’ts for sewer workers

iii. Directi ons to procure and maintain safety, equipment

iv. Training in confi ned space entry and rescue imparted to ten trainers

v. Entered into an MOU w/Nati onal disaster management for providing consultancy services for safety & disaster management.”

According to DJB it has taken the following steps in an att empt to shift from manual to mechanized cleaning:

“i. DJB has stopped using manual labor to clean sewer line deeper than 5 ft . It has procured additi onal jetti ng machines.

ii. Major trunk / peripheral sewer is desilted by super sucker machines. However, in an emergency, deep sewer entry is allowed with proper safety equipment and the presence of a junior engineer.”

7. According to DJB it has also procured the necessary equipments. It is then stated that DJB has 11 dispensaries, 25 private hospitals and 37 diagnosti c centres empanelled with the DBJ to provide care to

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS52the workers. It has a decentralized arrangement for reimbursement when beyond normal enti tlement so relief in emergency cases is immediate. The fi rst aid boxes are made available for workers and contractors are obliged to provide medical faciliti es as per provision of the contractual agreement and periodic health check ups are being done. It is stated that model rules and safety codes, which are in force, will be strictly implemented for the workers cleaning the sewers. DJB has introduced a basic safety awareness for the year 2007 - 08 in collaborati on with Nati onal Insti tute of Disaster Management for providing consultancy services for safety and disaster management and the establishment of emergency preparedness and response teams. The guidelines issued by the NHRC are being followed by the DJB. On the issue of compensati on, the DJB has stated that if a worker dies, compassionate appointment is given wherever possible. Workers facing injury are provided with compensati on as per the insurance policies taken. In cases where there is death of a worker hired by contractor, Worker Compensati on Act provides for payment of compensati on. Although DJB has agreed to provide names of the contract workers working for the contractors, relevant details regarding contractors and the workers working under them have not been furnished.

8. In the writt en submissions fi led on behalf of the peti ti oner on 22nd July, 2008, it has been brought on record that a daily wage worker by the name of Amit, working for contractor employed by NDMC, died due to inhalati on of toxic gases on 20th July, 2008.

It is stated that Amit was accompanied by another daily wage worker, Rajpal, who fainted due to the inhalati on of gases and was removed from the sewer. Rajpal has, however, survived. Further according to the peti ti oner, on 5th May, 2008, two contract workers working under contractors employed by the DJB died due to inhalati on of gases in the sewer. Their names are Chintu and Pintu (Papu/Hassan Ahmed). They were working in a sewer line situated at Dabri.

9. Having considered the various reports made by the concerned agencies and also the submissions made at the bar, we pass the following interim directi ons pending fi nal disposal of this writ peti ti on:

(a) The medical examinati on and medical treatment will be given free of charge to.sewer workers and the treatment will conti nue for all such workers found to be suff ering from an occupati onal disease, ailment or accident unti l the workman is cured or unti l death.

(b) The services of the sewer workers are not to be terminated, either by the respondents or the contractors engaged by them, during the period of illness and they shall be treated as if on duty and will be paid their wages.

(c) Compensati on shall be paid by the respondents and recoverable from the contractors, if permissible in law, to all the workmen suff ering from any occupati onal disease, ailment or accident in accordance with the provisions of the Workmen’s Compensati on Act, 1923.

(d) The respondents shall pay on the death of any

ANNEXURE 53worker, including any contract worker, an immediate ex grati a solati um of Rs.one lac with liberty to recover the same from contractors, if permissible in law.

(e) The respondents shall pay / insure payment of all statutory dues such as Provident Fund, Gratuity and Bonus to all the sewer workers, including contract workers, as applicable in law.

(f) The respondents shall provide as soon as possible modem protecti ve equipments to all the sewer workers in consultati on with the peti ti oner organisati on.

(g) The respondents shall provide soap and oil to all the workmen according to the present quota, but on monthly basis and not at the end of the year.

(h) The respondents shall provide restrooms and canteens, in accordance with the DJB model rules, including therein fi rst-aid faciliti es, safe drinking water, washing faciliti es, latrines and urinals, shelters, creches and canteens as set out in the model rules. There are to be provided at what is known as ‘stores’ which are the places where the workers assemble to give their att endance and from where they depart to their respecti ve work sites.

(i) The respondents shall provide all workman, including contract workmen, with an accident-card-cum-wage-slip as set out in clause 8 of the C.P.W.D./PWD (DA)/Delhi Jal Board Contractors Labour Regulati ons (for short “Labour Regulati ons”).

(j) The respondents shall provide all workers, including contract workers, employment cards as set out in clause 9 of the Labour Regulati ons and, on terminati on of services provide the contract workers and others with a service certi fi cate as set out in clause 10 of the Labour Regulati ons.

(k) The respondents shall authenti cate by signing the payment of wages register for contract workers in terms of clause 5 of the Labour Regulati ons.

(l) The respondents shall submit to this court and to the peti ti oner within four weeks from today the full list of contract workers and contractors engaged for work relati ng to the sewers together with the wages paid to such workmen and the number of years of employment of the workers.

(m) The DJB is directed to ensure that the ex grati a payment in case of deaths of sewer workers has been paid to the families of deceased workmen and in case such compensati on is not paid, release the same within a period of eight weeks.

(n) NDMC is directed to pay ex grati a payment of Rs.one lac each in respect of the accident of 7th December, 2003 where three persons working under the NDMC contractors died, with liberty to recover the same from the contractor, if permissible in law.

(o) The DJB and NDMC are directed to hold an inquiry into deaths of sewer workers referred to in paragraphs 15 and 16 of the writt en submissions of the peti ti oner dated 22nd July, 2008 and submit a report to this Court within a period

DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS54of eight weeks. If it is found that the contract workers in questi on were working under the contractors employed by NDMC / DJB, ex grati a compensati on of Rs.one lac shall be released forthwith to the families of the victi ms subject to right of recovery from contracto nd replace it with mechanized sewer cleaning, as envisaged by DJB as well as NDMC, which shall be done within three months. 10. In order to ensure the compliance of the above directi ons, we consti tute a Committ ee consisti ng of:

(I) Mr.S.R. Shankaran, IAS reti red Chief Secretary to the Government of Tripura, Chairman;

(II) One offi cer each to be nominated by NDMC, DDA and DJB respecti vely, who shall not be less than the rank of Under Secretary to the Government of India

(III) Joint Secretary of the Social Welfare Department, Government of NCT of Delhi to be nominated by the Secretary of that Department, who shall be the Convener of the Committ ee;

(IV) one representati ve of the peti ti oner organisati on.

11. The aforementi oned Committ ee shall meet once in a fortnight. Space and other infrastructure including conveyance and secretarial staff as required by the Committ ee shall be provided by the-Delhi Jal Board. The Chairman of the Committ ee shall be paid an honorarium of Rs.5,000/- for every meeti ng. All possible assistance will be rendered to the Committ ee

by the concerned civic agencies. It will be open to the Committ ee to approach this Court for directi on, if may required. The Committ ee is requested to place a report before this Court before the next date of hearing.

12. Place for further hearing on 22nd October, 2008.

13. Copy of the order be given dasti to the counsel for the parti es. One copy each may be sent to the Chairman of the Committ ee, Chairman of NDMC, Vice Chairman of DDA, CEO of DJB and Secretary, Social Welfare Department, Govt, of NCT of Delhi within fi ve days from today for compliance.

A.P. SHAHCHIEF JUSTICE

S.MURALIDHAR

JUDGE

AUGUST 20, 2008

Note: Since Mr. Sankaran was unwell and was unable to accept the assignment, the Committ ee consti tuted, by this Order dated 20th August 2008, which chaired by Mr. S.R. Sankaran, IAS (Reti red) and former Chief Secretary to the Government of Tripura; In his place Mr. Lakshmi Dhar Mishra, IAS (Reti red) and Special Rapporteur with the Nati onal Human Rights Commission was appointed as the Chairman of the Committ ee by an Order dated 03.09.2008.

The order dated 20th August 2008 was modifi ed accordingly, by the Order dated 03.09.2008.

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etnwjh O;oLFkk ¼fuokj.k½ vf/kfu;e] 1976 esa ca/kqvk etnwjh ds

mUewyu dh O;oLFkk rFkk ca/kqvk etnwjh esa yxs yksxksa dks eqfDr

fnykdj mudk iquokZl djus dh Hkh O;oLFkk gSA vuqPNsn

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ds vuqlkj bl dkuwu dk 'kk;n gh bLrseky fd;k x;k gSA

bls foMacuk gh dgsaxs fd ns'k dh vktknh ds ikap n'kd ds

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dqizFkk dks lekIr djus ds fy, dkuwu cuk;kA gkFk ls ekuo

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ftu fl)karksa ij bl lafo/kku dk ewy <kapk [kM+k gS mlds

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dks nafMr fd;s tkus dh O;oLFkk gS tks gkFk ls eSyk mBkus

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yk[k #i;s dk eqvkotk nsus dk funsZ'k Hkh fn;kA

bl ekeys dh lquokbZ tc vkxs c<+h rc mPp U;k;ky; us

ik;k fd mlus 5 vizSy 2008 dks tks funsZ'k fn;s Fks mudk

ikyu lgh <ax ls ugha gks ik;k gSA fofHkUu ,tsafl;ksa vkSj

U;k;ky; }kjk xfBr lfefr dh fjiksVZ vkSj fofHkUu ,tsafl;ksa

}kjk nk;j eqpydksa ij fopkj djus ds ckn l[r joS;k viukrs

gq, bl U;k;ky; us 21 twu 2008 dks u;k vkns'k fn;kA blesa

U;k;ky; us bu fudk;ksa dks funsZ'k fn;k fd os fnYyh fof/k

lgk;rk lsok izkf/kdj.k ds ek/;e ls e`rdksa ds ifjokjksa dks

eqvkots dk rqjar Hkqxrku djsaA U;k;ky; us eqvkots dh jkf'k

lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj60c<+kdj ,d yk[k 71 gtkj #i;s Hkh dj nhA U;k;ky; ds

fo#) U;k;ky; dh voekuuk djus dh dkjZokbZ 'kq: djus gsrq

mUgsa dkj.k crkvks uksfVl Hkh tkjh fd;sA

21 twu 2008 ds fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; ds vkns'k dks pqukSrh

nssrs gq, fnYyh ty cksMZ us loksZP; U;k;ky; esa vihy nk;j

dhA bl vihy esa fnYyh ty cksMZ us rdZ fn;k fd mPp

U;k;ky; us vius vf/kdkj {ks= ds ckgj tkdj eqvkotk nsus

rFkk lhoj dfeZ;ksa dh lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus dk funsZ'k fn;kA

loksZP; U;k;ky; us 12 tqykbZ 2011 dks vius ,sfrgkfld

fu.kZ; esa lekt ds bl misf{kr vkSj oafpr rcds vkSj [kkldj

lQkbZ vkSj lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dh nqnZ'kk vkSj n;uh; fLFkfr dks

js[kkafdr fd;kA KkrO; gS fd lhoj dfeZ;ksa dks viuh tku

tksf[ke esa Mkydj lQkbZ ds fy, lhojksa ds vanj fcuk fdlh

lqj{kk midj.k ds tkuk iM+rk gSA oLrqr% bu yksxksa ds ewyHkwr

vf/kdkjksa dk guu cjkcj gksrk gS vkSj vktknh ds ckn ls gh

muds fy, lekurk] Lora=rk vkSj thou ds vkuan dk dksbZ

vFkZ ugha jgk gSA

loksZP; U;k;ky; us fnYyh ty cksMZ ds rdZ dks [kkfjt djrs

gq, 12 tqykbZ 2011 ds vius vkns'k esa lacaf/kr fudk;ksa dks

funsZ'k fn;k fd os fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; }kjk 5 vizSy 2008

dks fn;s vkns'k dks rqjar fØ;kfUor djuk lqfuf'pr djsa vkSj

bl ckor fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; esa nks ekg ds Hkhrj ifjikyu

fjiksVZ izLrqr djsaA mPpre U;k;ky; us eqvkots dh jkf'k dks

Hkh c<+kdj ikap yk[k #i;s dj fn;kA mPpre U;k;ky; us

bl ekeys dks okil fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; esa LFkkukarfjr dj

fn;k gS tgka vkxs dh lquokbZ vkSj dkjZokbZ gksxhA

vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd bl rjg ds ,sfrgkfld vkSj tui{kh;

fu.kZ; reke oafpr oxks± vkSj [kkldj lQkbZ vkSj lhoj

deZpkfj;ksa ds ekuokf/kdkjksa vkSj leku voljksa dh cgkyh esa

egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk,axsA vkt tc iwjh nqfu;ka uovkfFkZd

mnkjokn ds jax esa jax jgh gS] rc bl rjg ds fu.kZ; dqN

mEehn txkrs gSaA

lfjrk HkksbZ

fnO;T;ksfr t;iqfj;kj

g~;weu jkbV~l ykW usVodZ

loksZP; U;k;ky;] Hkkjrflfoy vihy la[;k& 5322&2011

fnYyh ty cksMZcuke

uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU;

fu.kZ;

U;k;ewfrZ th,l fla?koh

1- vuqefr ;kfpdk LohÑrA

2- ;g vihy fnYyh tycksMZ }kjk fnYyh mPp U;k;ky;

dh [kaMihB }kjk fn;s x;s varoZrh vkns'k dks jksdus gsrq

nkf[ky dh x;h gSA fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; U;kf;d lsok

desVh ds ikl mPp U;k;ky; us 79 gtkj #i;s tek

djus ds fy, dgk x;k FkkA ;g jkf'k ml 1-71 yk[k

#i;s dh jkf'k ds vykok gS tks e`rd deZpkfj;ksa ds

ifjokjksa dks igys gh nh tk pqdh gSA e`rdksa esa ls ,d

jktu gSA ;g ekeyk mu gtkjksa eqdneksa esa ls ,d gS

tks fd jkT; vkSj bldh laLFkkvksa@dk;Zikfydk us mPp

U;k;ky; }kjk fn;s x;s fu.kZ; ds f[kykQ nk;j fd;kA

;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, fd Hkkjrh; lafo/kku dh

izLrkouk esa iznÙk mnns';ksa dk ykHk fdlh gn rd lekt

ds mu izrkfM+r rcdks rd igqaps tks ewyHkwr vf/kdkjksa]

lekurk] Lora=rk vkSj vkthfodk ds vf/kdkjksa ls fiNys

Ng n'kd ls oafpr jgs gSaA

;g ;kfpdk Li"V djrh gS fd jkT; dk <kapk fdl izdkj

mu yksxksa ds izfr vlaosnu'khy gS tks BsB xjhc gSa vkSj

tks fnu&jkr izfrdwy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa dke djrs gSa vkSj

yxkrkj ftudh tku dks [krjk cuk jgrk gSA

3- laln vkSj jkT; fo/kkueaMyksa us mu yksxksa ds dkuwuh

gdnkjksa dks eqvkotk nsus gsrq dkuwu cuk, gSa tks yksx

gokbZ] jsy vkSj eksVjdkj nq?kZVukvksa esa ekjs tkrs gSa( tks

fjiksVsZcy

lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj62yksx QSDVjh m|ksx ;k vU; laLFkkvksa esa M;wVh ds nkSjku

viuk thou [kksrs gSaA ,sls dkuwuh gdnkjksa dks fuf'pr

/kujkf'k eqvkots ds rkSj ij nh tkrh gS] vkSj ;gka rd fd

tks yksx iqfyl dh dkjZokbZ ds nkSjku ekjs tkrs gSa] mUgsa

Hkh ns'k dh jktuhfrd iz.kkyh }kjk ?kksf"kr vuqxzg jkf'k

nh tkrh gSA ysfdu] u rks dkuwu cukus okyksa us vkSj u

gh mu yksxksa ds }kjk fdlh izdkj ds Bksl dne mBk;s

x;s ftu yksxksa ds dU/kksa ij vlaxfBr etnwjksa ds fgrksa

ds fy, bu dkuwuksa dks fØ;kfUor djus dh ftEesnkjh

lkSih x;h Fkh rFkk u gh bl oxZ ds yksxksa dh lqj{kk ds

fy, tks Bsdsnkjksa }kjk ;k muds ek/;e ls ljdkj ;k

mldh ,tsafl;ksa }kjk turk ds Hkys ds fy, [krjukd

vkSj tksf[ke okys dke ij yxk;s tkrs gSaA buesa ls ,d

;kfpdkdrkZ Hkh gSA ,sls etnwjksa ds viuh tku xaokus ij

Hkh rdZlaxr eqvkots dk izko/kku ugha gSA

4- jkT; ljdkj o blds lac) fudk;ksa] bR;kfn }kjk lapkfyr

lhojksa esa Lo;a vFkok Bsdsnkjksa ds ek/;e ls dke djrs gSa]

muds fu;ksDrk dh vlko/kkuh ls ekjs tkus ij ,sls etnwjksa

ds dkuwuh gdnkjksa ds ikl jkT; dh U;k; iz.kkyh rd

jkgr ds fy, igqapus gsrq lk/ku@lalk/ku u gksus ds dkj.k

uS'kuy dSEisu QkWj fMxfuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkWo lhojst

,aM vykbM odZlZ us ;kfpdk la[;k 5232@2007 fnYyh

mPp U;k;ky; esa nkf[ky dh] ftlds ek/;e ls lhojksa

dh lQkbZ dk dke djus okys ,sls etnwjksa dh nqnZ'kk dh

vksj yksxks dk /;ku [khapus ftuesa ls cgqr ls viuh tku

ls gkFk /kks cSBrs gSaA futh izkf/kdj.kksa vkSj Bsdsnkjksa vkSj

;gka rd fd futh O;fDr;ksa ,oa laLFkkvksa }kjk bu yksxksa

dks lkQ&lQkbZ gsrq mi;ksx gksus okys t:jh midj.k

miyC/k ugha djk;s tkrs gSaA ,sls midj.kksa ds vHkko esa os

foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa dke djus ds fy, etcwj gksrs gSaA

vihy ds 4 ls ysdj 6os iSjs vkSj 8osa iSjs esa ;kfpdkdrkZ

us fuEufyf[kr izkDdFku izLrqr fd;s %

Þ4- ;kfpdk esa fnYyh ds lhojksa esa dke djus okys etnwjksa dh nqnZ'kk dks mtkxj fd;k x;k gSA fnYyh ls cM+s iSekus ij dpjk fudflr gksrk gSA orZeku esa fnYyh ls fudyus okys dpjs dh ek=k 2871 ,e,yMh gSA fnYyh ty cksMZ vuqi;ksxh ty ds fu"dklu ds fy, mRrjnk;h gS] ftlesa 5600 fdeh Hkwfexr ,oa VsMhes<+h ukfy;ksa&lhojykbu dh O;oLFkk gS vkSj blds j[kj[kko o vU; dk;ksaZ ds fy, yxHkx

fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU; 63

fnYyh ty cksMZ ds lkFk dke djus okys 5500 lhoj etnwjksa dh fLFkfr ,slh gS fd os u flQZ vusd tgjhyh xSlksa vkSj uqdlkunsg inkFkks± dk lkeuk viuh tku tksf[ke esa Mkydj djrs gSa] cfYd dke ds nkSjku vkdfLed e`R;q vkSj ne ?kqVus dh ijs'kkuh dk Hkh lkeuk djrs gSaA bu ukfy;ksa esa dke djus ls ;s yksx vusd jksxksa vkSj [krjksa ls :c: jgrs gSaA bl ckr dh iqf"V ds fy, ,usDlj&1 ds rkSj ij fnYyh ds lhojkas esa dke djus okys etnwjksa dh fLFkfr dks n'kkZrs QksVks layXu gSaA ;s QksVksxzkQ bu ukfy;ksa esa dke djus okys etnwjksa dh nq%[kn dgkuh o nqnZ'kk dks n'kZkrs gSaA

5- fnYyh esa lhojkssa dh lQkbZ dk dke djrs le; bu lhojksa esa gksus okyh ekSrksa dh 'kk;n gh fxurh dh tkrh gSA 7 ebZ 2007 dks uoHkkjr VkbEl us lu 2003 esa gq;h ekSrksa dk C;kSjk fuEu izdkj ls fn;k Fkk %

fnukad LFkku ekSrksa dh la[;k

22 ekpZ czãiqjh 1

23 ekpZ 'kkgnjk 2

11 vizSy 'kkfDruxj 3

25 twu fjBkyk ,lVhih 5

tqykbZ dukV iSysl 3

tqykbZ vks[kyk 3

vDVwcj mRre uxj 4

lu 2004 esa gksus okyh ekSrksa dk C;kSjk bl izdkj gS%

fnukad LFkku ekSrksa dh la[;k

24 ebZ othj iqj 3

25 ebZ xkSreiqjh 1

11 twu le;iqj 2

tqykbZ othjiqj 2

vDVwcj jksfg.kh 2

vDVwcj iniknqj 2

blds lkFk ¼vusDlj ih&2½ layXu gS tks fd 07-5-2007 dks uoHkkjr VkbEl esa Nis ys[k ¼Bsdsnkjksa dh ykijokgh ls gks jgh gSa ekSrsa½ dh vuqokfnr dkih gSA

6- ;gka rd fd 2007 esa fnukad 6 ebZ 2007 dks lhoj ds vUnj dke djrs gq, etnwjksa& jes'k] larks"k vkSj vk'kh"k tgjhyh xSlksa ls ne ?kqVus ds dkj.k viuh

;kfpdk Li"V djrh gS fd jkT; dk

<kapk fdl izdkj mu yksxksa ds izfr

vlaosnu'khy gS tks BsB xjhc gSa vkSj

tks fnu&jkr izfrdwy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa

dke djrs gSa vkSj yxkrkj ftudh

tku dks [krjk cuk jgrk gS

lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj64tku ls gkFk /kks cSBsA blds lkFk ih&3 ds uke ls js[kkafdr dh x;h izfr vusDlj ih&3 ds :Ik esa gS tks fd ,d lekpkj fjiksVZ gS tks 7-5-2007 ds VkbEl vkQ bafM;k esa Nih FkhA ;g ?kVuk fot; ,Udyso MkcM+h ds lkeus ¼tks fd nf{k.k fnYyh esa fLFkr gS½ enzklh ukys esa ?kfVr gq;hA bl nkSjku dke dks jk"Vªh; ekuo vf/kdkj vk;ksx ds fn'kkfunsZ'kksa dh iw.kZ:Ik ls vuns[kh@mYya?ku djrs gq, djk;k tk jgk FkkA ihfM+r etnwj fcuk fdlh gsyesV vkSj xSl ekLd vkthou flysaMj ds dke dj jgs Fks tks fd jk"Vªh; ekuo vf/kdkj vk;ksx }kjk fu/kkZfjr funsZ'kksa ds vuqlkj vfuok;Z gSA u rks buds ikl izFke mipkj fdV gh miyC/k Fkh vkSj u gh lkal ysus oky d`f=e ra= ¼vkWDlhtu xSl flys.Mj½ vkSj u gh iksVsZcy lhf<+;ka gh Bsdsnkjksa }kjk budks eqgS;k djk;h x;h FkhaA Bsdsnkjksa us Li"V :ils lHkh fn'kkfunsZ'kksa o fu;eksa dk mYya?ku fd;kA

8- f'k{kk ,oa nwjlapkj dsUnz ¼lsaVj QkWj ,Mqds'ku ,aM dE;wfuds'ku½ us vkWD;qis'kuy gsYFk ,aM ls¶Vh eSustesaV dalyVsalh lfoZlst uked laLFkk ds lg;ksx ls fnYyh ds lhojksa esa dke djus okys etnwjksa ds LokLF; ,oa lqj{kk Lrj fo"k; ij ,d fjiksVZ rS;kj dh gSA fjiksVZ fu"d"kZ nsrh gS fd %

ÞLkhojksa esa dke djus okys etnwj dke djus okys LFkku esa tksf[ke dh vf/kdrk ds dkj.k Hkkjh e`R;qnj ,oa ?kkrd jksxksa ls ihfM+r gSaA fiNys nks lky esa can lhoj ykbuksa esa dke djus ds dkj.k 33 etnwjksa dh tku x;hA 59 izfr'kr etnwjksa dks Hkwfexr lhojksa esa

,d eghus esa 10 ls vf/kd ckj vanj tkuk iMrk gSA bu Hkwfexr lhojksa esa dke djrs le; bu etnwjksa esa ls T;knkrj cMs+ iSekus ij ?kko [kk cSBrs gSaA bUgsa vka[kksa esa tyu eglwl gksrh gS vkSj mudh Ropk ij yky nkus fudyus ds lkFk [kqtyh dh f'kdk;r eglwl gksrh gSA 41 etnwjksa us vLFkk;h :Ik ls csgks'kh dh f'kdk;r ntZ dh gSA yxHkx ,d&frgkbZ ls dqN T;knk etnwjksa dks fVVus'k ds fy, izfrjf{kr fd;k x;k gSA tcfd buesa ls fdlh dks Hkh gSisVkbfVl&ch ds fy, Vhdkd`r ugha fd;k x;k gSA

yxHkx 46 izfr'kr ls T;knk etnwjksa dk ckWMh ekl baMsDl ¼ch,lvkbZ½ ds vk/kkj ij vko';drk ls de otu ik;k x;k gSA 37 izfr'kr etnwjksa esa lkekU; ls de ek=k esa gheksXyksfcu ik;k x;k gSA 65 izfr'kr ls vf/kd etnwjksa esa lkekU; Y;wdkslkbV dkmaV ¼91 izfr'kr½ ds ckotwn ctk; bZvksflu fQy dkmUV vf/kd ¼6 izfr'kr½ ik;k x;k gSA ,pch,l,th ds fy, VsLV fd;s x;s lHkh lSaiyksa esa ls dksbZ Hkh lSaiy ikWthfVo ugha ik;k x;kA ;wjhu ijh{k.k esa 'kjhj ds vkWxZu flLVe ij vifjorZuh; vlj ns[kus dks feykA

50 izfr'kr ls vf/kd ijh{k.kksa esa QsQMksa dh fØ;k'khyrk ds ifj.kke izfrdwy ik;s x;sA Nkrh ds ,Dl&js }kjk ;g Li"V gks x;k fd 'oklra= dh fØ;k'khyrk esa Hkh deh gSA

fdlh Hkh etnwj dks dke ds nkSjku laHkkfor [krjs ds ckjs esa ekSf[kd :Ik ls vkSipkfjd rkSj ij dqN

fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU; 65

Hkh ugha crk;k tkrk gSA fdlh Hkh etnwj ds lkFk dke ds nkSjku gksus okyh vkdfLed nq?kZVuk ds fy, izkFkfed mipkj dh lqfo/kk rd ugha nh x;h gS rFkk ;gka rd fd vU; lqj{kk midj.k& nLrkus] ekLd vkSj twrs Hkh ukeek= gh ekStwn gSaA lqj{kk midj.kksa dh vkiwfrZ t:jrksa ds eqrkfcd Ik;kZIr ugha ik;h x;hA

lHkh nSfud etnwj yxHkx 2950 #Ik;s izfrekg dh ru[okg ij dke dj jgs Fks Hkys gh fdruh gh vof/k ls dke dj jgs gksaAß

;kfpdkdrkZ us xqtjkr mPp U;k;ky; }kjk tkjh fd;s

x;s vkns'k ¼fnukad 15-6-2006½ dk lanHkZ fn;k gS tks fd

xqtjkr mPp U;k;ky; us Lis'ky flfoy ,Iyhds'ku la

8989@2001 & dkenkj LokLF; lqj{kk e.My vkSj Lis'ky

flfoy ,Iyhds'ku la[;k&11706@2004&eSugksy odZlZ

;wfu;u vkSj yksd vf/kdkj la?k esa of.kZr gSA blds vykok

;kfpdkdrkZ us le;&le; ij vusd ;kfpdk,a nk;j dha

ftuesa ls ,d ijekns'k tkjh djus ds laca/k esa Hkh Fkh

ftlesa fd lhojksa esa dke djus okys etnwjksa dks os t:jh

lqj{kk midj.k vkSj diM+s tks fd xqtjkr mPp U;k;ky;

}kjk ekU;rk izkIr vkns'k ¼tks flfoy Lis'ky ,Iyhds'ku esa

fn;k x;k½ esa of.kZr Fks] eqgS;k djk;s tk,a rFkk lhojksa dh

lQkbZ ds fy, eSugksy esa tkus ds dkj.k ejus okys etnwj

ds ifjokj dks 10 yk[k #i;sss eqvkots ds rkSj ij fn;s

tk,a rFkk lHkh etnwjksa ds esfMdy ijh{k.k dh O;oLFkk ds

lkFk&lkFk mUgsa iwjk fpfdRldh; mipkj fu%'kqYd fn;k

tk, o lkFk gh ml iwjs le;varjky dh iwjh ru[okg Hkh

nh tk, ftl le; os chekj jgs gSaA

5- fjV ;kfpdk ds eq[; fcanqvksa dk v/;;u djus ds ckn

mPp U;k;ky; dh [kaMihB us izfrokfn;ksa dks uksfVl tkjh

djus ds lkFk&lkFk lHkh ttksa esa ls ,d MkW tfLVl ,l

eqjyh/kj ls vkxzg fd;k fd os lhojksa esa dke djus okys

etnwjkas dh leL;kvksa dk dksbZ dkjxj gy <w<saA fo}ku

tt us ;kfpdkdrkZvksa ds izfrfuf/k;ksa vihydrkZ vkSj

jkT; dh ,tsafl;ksa dks lquk rFkk izLrqr fd;s x;s lHkh

nLrkostksa dk Hkh v/;;u fd;k rFkk rc 5-4-2008 dks

vusd lq>koksa dks bl vkns'k esa 'kkfeydj bu eSugksy

lhojksa dh lQkbZ ds fy, rSukr etnwjksa dh lqj{kk gsrq

lhoj etnwjksa dh fLFkfr ,slh gS fd

os u flQZ vusd tgjhyh xSlksa vkSj

uqdlkunsg inkFkks± dk lkeuk viuh

tku tksf[ke esa Mkydj djrs gSa]

cfYd dke ds nkSjku vkdfLed e`R;q

vkSj ne ?kqVus dh ijs'kkuh dk Hkh

lkeuk djrs gSa

lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj66;g vkns'k ikl fd;kA mPp U;k;ky; dh [kaMihB us rc

MkW tfLVl ,l- eqjyh/kj }kjk fn;s x;s lq>koksa ij fopkj

fd;k rFkk ;kfpdkdrkZvksa ,oa ,uMh,elh }kjk nkf[ky

gyQukes ,oa nLrkostksa dk v/;;u fd;k rFkk fQj ,d

foLr`r vkns'k fnukad 20-05-2008 dks tkjh fd;k ftlesa

iSjk la[;k 9 ,oa 10 fuEufyf[kr :Ik ls i<s tk;a %

Þ9- ,tsfUl;ksa }kjk nh x;h vusd fjiksVks±a ij fopkj djus ds ckn] rFkk lacaf/kr ,tsfUl;ksa vkSj ckj }kjk fn;s x;s izLrqrhdj.kksa ds ckn ds le{k fn;s izLrqrhdj.kksa ds ckn ge fuEufyf[kr funsZ'kksa dks bl ;kfpdk dk vfUre fu"iknu vkns'k tkjh djrs gSaA

¼,½ esfMdy ijh{k.k ,oa esfMdy mipkj lHkh etnwjksa dks ¼lhojksa esa dke djus okys½ fu%'kqYd fn;k tk;sxkA ;g bykt O;olk; ls tqM+h chekjh ls izHkkfor lc etnwjksa ds fy, fujUrj pyrk jgsxkA chekjh ,oa vkdfLed nq?kZVuk esa Hkh rc rd tc rd bykt iwjk u gks tk; ;k chekj O;fDr dh e`R;q u gks tk;&

¼ch½ lhojksa esa dke djus okys etnwjksa dh lsokvksa dks Bsdsnkjksa ,oa ekkfydksa & ftuds }kjk mUgsa dke fn;k x;k gS & ds }kjk chekjh ds nkSjku lekIr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj bl rjg ds etnwjksa dks dke ij rSukr etnwjksa dh rjg gh etnwjh dk Hkqxrku fd;k tk;sxk vkSj mudh lsok dk laKku fy;k tk;sxk&

¼lh½ oDlZeSu daiu'kslu ,DV 1923 ds rgr izko/kku ds vUrZxr O;kolkf;d chekfj;ksa ls ihfM+r lc

etnwjksa dks eqvkotk Bsdsnkjksa ls olwy dj ¼;fn fof/klEer gks½ fn;k tk,xkA

¼Mh½ izfroknh fdlh Hkh etnwj dh dke ds nkSjku e`R;q gksus ij ,d yk[k #i;sss dh vuqxzg jkf'k dk Hkqxrku etnwj ds ifjokj dks djsxkA ;g jde Bsdsnkjks ls Hkh olwy dh tk ldrh gS] ysfdu dkuwuh rkSj ls oS/k gksus ij ghA

¼bZ½ izfroknh etnwjksa dh lHkh laoS/kkfud cdk;k jkf'k;ka tSls izkfoMsaV QaM] xzsT;qVh vkSj cksul vkfn dk Hkqxrku lHkh etnwjksa dks] mu etnwjksa lfgr ftUgsa lafo/kk ij j[kk x;k gS] djsxkA

¼,Q½ izfroknh ;kfpdkdrkZ laxBu ds lkFk fopkjfoe'kZ dj etnwjksa dks tYn ls tYn u;s lqj{kk midj.k miyC/k djk;sxkA

¼th½ izfroknh lHkh deZpkfj;ksa dks lkcqu ,oa rsy orZeku dksVs ds vuq:Ik eqgS;k djk;sxkA ,slk gj eghus ds var esa fd;k tk,xk u fd lky ds var esaA

¼,p½ izfroknh fnYyh ty cksMZ ds u;s fu;eksa ds vuqlkj deZpkfj;ksa dks jsLV:e] dSUVhu ds lkFk&lkFk izkFkfed mipkj dh lqfo/kk] lkQ vkSj lqjf{kr ihus dk ikuh] diM+s /kksus dh lqfo/kk] 'kkSpky; ,oa ew=ky;] lqj{kkx`g] f'k'kqx`g ,oa dSUVhu & tks Hkh u;s fu;eksa esa fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS & os lHkh eqgS;k djk;sxkA blds lkFk gh ;gka ij ,d LVksj dh lqfo/kk Hkh nh tkuh fuf'pr dh x;h gS tgka ij deZpkjh tek

fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU; 67

gksdj vius&vius dke djus dh txgksa dh rjQ jokuk gks ldsaA

¼vkbZ½ ekfydksa dks vius lHkh deZpkfj;ksa lafonk deZpkfj;ksas lfgr & dks ,DlhMsaV&de&ost&fLyi lhihMCY;wMh@ihMCY;wMh@MhMh, fnYyh ty cksMZ dkWUVªSDVj yscj jsxqys'ku ,DV dh /kkjk 8 esa fu/kkZfjr O;oLFkk ds vuqlkj eqgS;k djkus gksaxsA

¼ts½ izfroknh lHkh deZpkfj;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk lafonk deZpkfj;ksa dks jkstxkj dkMZ yscj jsxqys'kal dh /kkjk 9 ds vuqlkj eqgS;k djk,xk rFkk lsok lekfIr ds le; lafonk deZpkfj;ksa lfgr reke deZpkfj;ksa dks lsok izek.ki= yscj jsxqys'kal dh /kkjk 10 ds vuqlkj miyC/k djk,xkA

¼ds½ izfroknh yscj jsxqys'kal dh /kkjk 5 esa fu/kkZfjr izko/kku ds vuqlkj lafonk deZpkfj;ksa dks fn;s x;s osru dk jftLVj vius gLrk{kjksa ds }kjk izekf.kr djsxkA

¼,y½ izfroknh pkj lIrkg ds Hkhrj bl dksVZ RkFkk ;kfpdkdrkZ dks vius dk;ks±a ds fu"iknu gsrq lafonk ij j[ks x;s dqy deZpkfj;ksa dh lwph rFkk dk;Z dks iwjk djkus okys Bsdsnkjksa dh lwph ds lkFk&lkFk vc rd lhoj lQkbZ ls tqM+s deZpkfj;ksa dks nh x;h ru[okg ds vkSj mudks fn;s x;s jkstxkj dk le;&varjky dk C;kSjk Hkh tek djk;sxkA

¼,e½ fnYyh ty cksMZ dks ;g vkns'k fn;k tkrk gS fd og ;g lqfuf'Pkr djs fd e`r lhoj deZpkfj;ksa

ds ekeys esa vuqxzg jkf'k ds rkSj ij fn;k tkus okyk eqvkotk e`r deZpkjh ds ifjokj dks fn;k tk pqdk gS vFkok ughaA ;fn ugha rks ;g iSlk 8 lIrkg ds Hkhrj ifjokj dks ns fn;k tk;A

¼,u½ ,uMh,elh dks ;g vkns'k fn;k tkrk gS fd 7 fnlacj 2003 dks gq;h nq?kZVuk& ,uMh,elh ds Bsdsnkjksa dh ns[kjs[k esa dke dj jgs esa rhu O;fDr;ksa dh ekSr gks x;h FkhA muds ifjokj okyksa dks ,d&,d yk[k #Ik;s dh vuqxzg jkf'k nh tk; bl vktknh ds lkFk fd ;fn dkuwu esa izko/kku gks rks ;g jkf'k Bsdsnkj ls Hkh olwyh tk ldrh gSA

lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj68¼vks½ fnYyh ty cksMZ ,oa ,uMh,elh dks funZs'k fn;k

tkrk gS fd og IkSjk 15 ,o 16 esa of.kZr ftu lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dh ekSr gks x;h Fkh 22 tqykbZ 2008 ds fyf[kr izLrqrhdj.k] ml ?kVuk dh tkap dh tk; vkSj vkB lIrkg ds Hkhrj fjiksVZ bl dksVZ ds lqiqnZ dh tk; vkSj ;fn ;g ik;k tk; fd lafonk ij j[ks x;s deZpkjh] ftUgkasus viuh tku xokabZ] vkSj tks ,uMh,elh@Mhtsch ds Bsdsnkjksa ds v/khu dke dj jgs Fks muds ifjtuksa dks ,d&,d yk[k #i;sss dh vuqxzg jkf'k ns nh tk;A dkuwu ds vk/kkj ij ;fn oS/k gks rks ;g jkf'k Bsdsnkj ls Hkh olwy dh tk ldrh gSA

¼ih½ izfroknh dks ,d uD'kk izLrqr djuk pkfg;s ftlesa ;g Li"V :Ik ls fn[kk;k x;k gks fd%& ¼1½ dgka&dgka ukfy;ksa dh lqfo/kk miyC/k gS ¼2½ dgka ladjh ukfy;ksa ;k vU; dkj.kksa ls vk/kqfud e'khuh midj.kksa dk izos'k ugha fd;k tk ldrk

gSA ¼3½ fdu LFkkuksa ij e'khu }kjk dke fd;k tk ldrk gS ¼4½ ,sls laosnu'khy LFkku tgka vkdfLed ekSrsa] nq?kZVuk,a ,oa ukfy;ka vDlj can gksrh gSaA ¼5½ ;g lc vkt ls rhu ekg ds Hkhrj gks tkuk pkfg,A

¼D;w½ var esa izfrokfn;ksa dks funsZ'k fn;k tkrk gS fd os etnwjksa }kjk fd;s tkus okys lhojksa dh lQkbZ ds dke dks e'khuksa }kjk fu"ikfnr fd;s tkus ds fy, izLrko o ;kstuk nLrkostksa ds tfj;s izLrqqr djsxsa tSlk fd Mhtsch ,oa ,uMh,elh }kjk ;kstuk cukbZ x;h gS vkSj ;s lHkh ;kstuk,a rhu ekg ds Hkhrj fØ;kfUor gks tkuh pkfg,Aß

10- mijksDr funsZ'kksa ds fØ;kUo;u ds fy, ge fuEu fyf[kr :i ls ,d lfefr cukrs gSa %

¼i½ ps;jeSu Jh ,lvkj 'kadju] vkbZ,,l] f=iqjk ljdkj ls lsokfuo`Rr eq[; lfpo

¼ii½ ,d&,d vf/kdkjh ,uMh,elh] MhMh, vkSj fnYyh ty cksMZ }kjk ukfer fd;k tkuk gS tks fd Hkkjr ljdkj ds vUrZxr voj lfpo ls uhps ds in dk ugha gksuk pkfg,A

¼iii½ jk"Vªh; jkt/kkuh {ks= fnYyh dh ljdkj ds lekt dY;k.k foHkkx ds la;qDr lfpo dks foHkkx ds lfpo }kjk lfefr dk la;kstd ukfer fd;k tkuk gSA

¼iv½ ;kfpdkdrkZ laLFkk ls ,d izfrfuf/kAß

fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU; 69

6- ftl nkSjku mPp U;k;ky; }kjk lhojksa esa dke djus

okys etnwjksa ls tqMs gq, eqn~nksa ¼muds LokLF; ,oa lqj{kk

ls tqMs+ gq, eqn~nksa ds lkFk½ dk v/;;u fd;k tk jgk

Fkk] mlh nkSjku fgUnqLrku VkbEl us fnukad 26-3-2009

ds ¼esVªks laLdj.k½ essa [kcj Nkih fd ekPkZ 2009 ekg ds

nkSjku lhojksa esa dke djus okys de ls de 6 etnwjksa us

lqj{kk midj.kksa ds vHkko esa tgjhyh xSlksa ls ne ?kqVus

ds dkj.k viuh tku xokabZA nks etnwj vyhiqj ujsyk] nks

cokuk vkSj ,d&,d Øe'k% lsDVj 6 ujsyk vkSj fnYyh

fpfM+;k?kj ,oa lqUnjuxj fnYyh esa ekSr dk f'kdkj gq,A

buesa ls pkj ekSrsa ;kfpdkdrkZ fnYyh ty cksMZ] fnYyh

fodkl izkf/kdj.k vkSj fnYyh jkT; m|ksx fodkl fuxe

ds dk;Z{ks= ds vUrZxr rFkk nks ekSrsa futh QkeZ gkml&

dR;ky QkeZgkml c[rkojiqj jksM] ujsyk esa gq;hA

7- mijksDr fjiksVZ esa nks"k fl) gksus ds ckn mPp U;k;ky;

dh [k.MihB us vihydrkZ& fnYyh ty cksMZ ,oa fnYyh

fodkl izkf/kdj.k dks vius&vius gyQukes nkf[ky djus

ds fy, dgkA fnYyh jkT; vkS|kSfxd fodkl fuxe rFkk

QkeZgkml ds ekfydksa dks o iqfyl foHkkx dks Hkh uksfVl

tkjh fd;s x;sA

8- fnYyh tycksMZ ds eq[; vfHk;ark Jh lq[kkbZ jke }kjk

nkf[ky fd;s x;s gyQukes esa nkok fd;k x;k gS fd

ftl O;fDr dh e`R;q 15-3-2009 dks gq;h og lhoj esa dke

djus okyk csynkj etnwj ugha Fkk] cfYd ,d isUVj FkkA

mlus Li"V fd;k fd e`rd mi&Bsdsnkj dkUrk izlkn gS

rFkk ftls eSllZ vkjlsYQ fef'kxu&tsoh }kjk bl dk;Z

ds fy, j[kk x;kA bl daiuh dks fpfM+;k?kj bykds ds

lhojksa dh iquLFkkZiuk dk dke lkSaik x;k gSA Lkq[kkbZjke

ds vuqlkj e`rd lhoj esa bikWDlh dh xSl ls ne ?kqVus

ds dkj.k csgks'k gksdj fxjk FkkA blds vykok mUgksaus

dgk fd Bsdsnkj ds }kjk 1 yk[k 71 gtkj #Ik;s dh

/kujkf'k e`rd ds ifjokj dks igys gh Hkqxrku dh tk pqdh

gSA fnYyh fodkl izkf/kdj.k ,oa fnYyh jkT; vkS|ksfxd

fodkl dkiksZjs'ku ds }kjk nkf[ky gyQukes esa ;g nkok

ftl nkSjku mPp U;k;ky; lhojksa esa

dke djus okys etnwjksa ls tqMs gq,

eqn~nksa dk v/;;u fd;k tk jgk Fkk]

mlh nkSjku fgUnqLrku VkbEl us [kcj

Nkih fd ekPkZ 2009 ds nkSjku lhojksa

esa dke djus okys de ls de 6

etnwjksa dh ekSr lqj{kk midj.kksa ds

vHkko esa tgjhyh xSlksa ls ne ?kqVus

ds dkj.k gq;h

lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj70fd;k x;k fd e`rd etnwj muds }kjk dke ij ugha j[ks

x;s Fks] gkykafd o mudh e/;LFkrk ls dke ij ugha j[sk

x;s Fks gkaykafd lquokbZ ds nkSjku ;kfpdkdrkZ dh rjQ ls

Hksts fo)r vf/koDrk us dgk fd eSugksy esa tkus ls igys

bu etnwjksaa dks vko';d lqj{kk midj.k ugha fn;s x;s FksA

9- LVsV ,tsfUl;ksa }kjk nkf[ky gyQukes o bl ij gq;h

cgl ij fopkj foe'kZ ds ckn mPp U;k;ky; dh [kaMihB

us fnukad 21-4-2009 dks vkns'k ikfjr fd;k ftldk

mi;ksxh Hkkx bl izdkj ls gS %

Þ,QvkbZvkj dk v/;;u djus ij ;g Li"V :ils ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd fnYyh ty cksMZ dh rjQ ls nkf[ky

fd;k x;k gyQukek iw.kZr;k xqejkg djus okyk gSA ,Qvkbvkj ls ;g Hkh irk pyrk gS fd e`rd jktu rFkk ,d vU; etnwj jktdqekj lhoj ds vUnj lhf<+;ksa dh enn ls x;s FksA vUnj tkus ls igys mUgksaus Bsdsnkjksa ds deZpkfj;ksa ls lqj{kk midj.kksa vkSj vkDlhtu ekLd ekaxs] exj bu deZpkfj;ksa us bu etnwjksa dh ekaxksa ij dksbZ /;ku ugha fn;kA ;g ,QvkbZvkj esa vkxs ekywe iMrk gS fd os yksx blh rjg ls fiNys ,d lIrkg ls dke djrs vk jgs Fks vkSj ckj&ckj fourh djus ij Hkh mUgs t:jh lqj{kk midj.k o vkWDlhtu ekLd miyC/k ugha djk;s x;sA blesa vkxs Li"V :ils ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd os yksx lhoj dh isafVx dj jgs Fks rFkk pawfd ogka tgjhyh xSls Fkh o vkDlhtu de ek=k esa Fkh] vr% blh dkj.k

fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU; 71

jktu csgks'k gks x;k vkSj gkfLiVy tkus ij mls ogka e`r ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA nwljs O;fDr dks pDdj vkus yxs vkSj og uhps fxj iM+k ftlls mlds psgjs ij pksV vk x;hA

Mhtsch dh rjQ ls izLrqr fo}ku odhy us Lohdkj fd;k fd gkbZdksVZ ds 20 vxLr 2008 esa tkjh fd;s x;s vkns'k esa of.kZr lqj{kk midj.k & ftlesa fd funsZf'kr fd;k x;k Fkk fd ;s lqj{kk midj.k eqgS;k djk;s tkus pkfg, & etnwjksa dks dks eqgS;k ugha djk;s x;s FksA muds vuqlkj lqj{kk midj.k eqgS;k djkus dh iwjh ftEesnkjh le>kSrs ds eqrkfcd Bsdsnkj dh FkhA vr% ;g Li"V gS fd lhoj esa dke djus okys etnwjksa dks iwjh rjg ls Bsdsnkj dh n;k ds Hkjksls NksM++ fn;k x;k Fkk] tks fd t:jh lko/kkfu;ka cjrus esa ukdke jgk rFkk ftlds QyLo:Ik etnwj jktu dh e`R;q gks x;hA

vHkh rd tSlk fd Li"V gS fd e`R;q MhMh, ds vf/kdkj{ks= esa gq;h gS] gYkQukes esa ;g dgk x;k gS fd lhoj ykbu ls dpjk@xkn fudkyus dk dke ;k dksbZ vkSj dke MhMh, ls lacf/kr bl Hkkx esa tgka ij ekSr gq;h ogka ij gks gh ugha jgk FkkA ;g dgk x;k Fkk fd 'kk;n ogka jgus okys dqN fuokfl;ksa }kjk jkds'k dqekj uke ls fdlh O;fDr dks vius Lrj ls bl eSugksy dks] ftlesa ;g ekSr gq;h] tkap djus ds fy, j[kk x;k gksxkA lquokbZ ds nkSjku gkykafd MhMh, ds fo}ku vf/koDrk us ;g Lohdkj fd;k fd gyQukek Li"V fLFkfr O;Dr ugha djrk gSA mlus Lohdkj fd;k fd jkds'k dqekj lSuh dks lhojksa ls xkn fudkyus dk dke lkSaik x;k Fkk ysfdu mlds vuqca/k dk le; fnlacj 2008 esa iwjk gks pqdk FkkA muds }kjk vkxs Li"V fd;k x;k fd vuqca/k 6 eghus dk okjaVh le; nsrk gS

ysfdu vuqca/kdrkZ fcuk MhMh, dh vkKk fy, lhoj ykbu esa dksbZ Hkh dke le; ls vkxs rd ugha djk ldrk gSA odhy us vkxs dgk gS fd MhMh, us dksbZ lqj{kk midj.k miyC/k ugha djk;s Fks D;ksfd vuqca/k ds eqrkfcd ;g ftEesnkjh iwjh rjg ls Bsdsnkj dh FkhA etnwjksa dks vHkh rd tSlk fd Mh,lvkbZMhlh dk loky gS ,QvkbZvkj esa ;g ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd ?kVuk ls pkj yksx tqMs gq, Fks& nks etnwj euiky vkSj jkeczt ;kno dh ekSr gq;h rFkk nks vU; ';kechj losZ'k ,oa cztiky ;kno t[eh gq, FksA ;s yksx Mh,lvkbZMhlh }kjk pqus gq, Bsdsnkj v#.k dqekj xks;y ds v/khu dke dj jgs FksA ,QvkbZvkj ls ;g Li"V gS fd deZpkfj;ksa dks lqj{kk midj.k o ;a= miyC/k ugha djk;s x;s Fks tSlk fd igys js[kkafdr fd;k tk pqdk gSA

igys gh mYys[k gS fd dR;ky QkeZgkml esa c[rkojiqj jksM ujsyk esa nks ekSrsa gq;h FkhaA ,QvkbZvkj esa ;g ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd tks yksx lhoj dh lQkbZ ds nkSjku ekSr ds f'kdkj gq;s Fks os QkeZgkml ds ekfyd }kjk bl dke ds fy, fu;qDr fd;s x;s Bsdsnkj lquhy ds v/khu dk;Zjr FksA QkeZgkml dh rjQ ls mifLFkr odhy us ;g dgk fd vuqxzg jkf'k ds rkSj ij ihfM+rksa ds ifjokjksa dks ,d&,d yk[k #i;ss fn;s tk pqds gSaA

'kq: ls gh ;g ns[kk x;k gS fd Mhtsch rFkk MhMh, us gkbZdksVZ ds 20-08-2008 ds vkns'k esa fn;s x;s funsZ'kksa] fo'ks"k dj mu funZs'kksa ftuesa lqj{kk midj.k eqgS;k djkus rFkk lafonk ij j[ks x;s etnwjksa dks jkstxkj dkMZ eqgS;k djkus ds fy, dgk x;k gS] dk ikyu ugha fd;k x;k gSA vr% bl dksVZ ds 20-08-2008 ds vkns'k dh voekuuk djus ds fy, vnkyr dh voekuuk ,DV dk mYya?ku

lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj72djus ds fy, Mhtsch ds lhbZvks vkSj okbl ps;jeSu dks dkj.k crkvks uksfVl tkjh fd;k tkrk gSA uksfVl dk tokc 27-8-2009 rd fn;k tk ldrk gSA

MhMh, vkSj Mh,lvkbZMhlh dks funZs'k fn;k tkrk gS fd os eqvkots dh jkf'k #i;sss 2-5 yk[k izfr deZpkjh ds vk/kkj ij mPPk U;k;ky; dh fof/k lsok desVh ¼Mh,plh,y,llh½ dks e`rdksa ds ifjokjksa ds lqiqnZ djus gsrq pkj lIrkg ds Hkhrj tek djk nsaA Mh,lvkbZMhlh blds fy, Lora= gS fd os bl jkf'k dks Bsdsnkj ls olwysa vFkok ughaA Mhtsch ds vuqlkj Bsdsnkj igys gh e`rdksa ds ifjokjksa dks 1-71 yk[k #i;sss ns pqds gS vr% Mhtsch dks ;g funsZ'k fn;k tkrk gS fd os eqvkots dh cdk;k jkf'k tks fd #i;sss 79 gtkj gS mls Mh,plh,y,llh dks pkj lIrkg ds vUnj tek djs rFkk Mh,plh,y,llh ;g irk yxk;s fd Mhtsch ds vuqlkj 1-71 yk[k dh /kujkf'k e`rdksa ds ifjtuksa dks feyh Hkh gS fd ugha tSlk fd fnYyh ty cksMZ us dgk gSA dR;ky QkeZ gkml ds ekfyd izR;sd deZpkjh dks 1-5 yk[k #i;ss ds vk/kkj ij ;k lkjka'k esa #i;ss 3 yk[k Mh,plh,y,llh ds ikl tek djsxk rFkk Mh,plh,y,llh ;g irk yxk;sxk fd tSlk QkeZgkml ds ekfyd ds dgs vuqlkj ,d yk[k #i;ss dh nh x;h jkf'k e`rdksa ds ifjokj okys yksxksa dks feyh Hkh gS fd ughaA

Mhtsch ds lhbZvks rFkk MhMh, ds okbl ps;jeSu vkSj Mh,lvkbZMhlh ds eSusftax Mk;jsDVj dks vius&vius O;fDrxr gyQukesa desVh ds le{k dsoy fuf'Pkr djrs gq, fd dksVZ }kjk le;&le; ij fn;s x;s fn'kkfunsZ'kksa dks ikyu fd;k x;k gS vkSj ;fn muesa dgha dksbZ deh gS rks mUgsa Li"V :Ik ls gyQukes esa mtkxj djsa vkSj

fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU; 73

fyf[kr esa izek.ki= nsa fd lfefr )kj fu/kkZfjr r; le; ds Hkhrj ;s leL;k,a nwj dj yh tk;saxhA ;g lc gyQukesa esa fyf[kr :ils fuf'pr djrs gq, gyQukek pkj lIrkg ds Hkhrj dksVZ ess mijksDr lLFkkvksa }kjk nkf[ky dj fy;k tkuk pkfg,A rhuksa laxBuksa dks funsZf'kr fd;k tkrk gS fd os vius lHkh nLrkost fuEu izdkj ls lfefr ds le{k nkf[ky djsa %

¼i½ fd deZpkfj;ksa dh ukekoyh esa ntZ lHkh deZpkfj;ksa dks lqj{kk midj.k eqgS;k djk;s tk;saxsA

¼ii½ Ukkekoyh eas lekfgr lHkh deZpkfj;ksa dks izkfoMsaV QaM iznku fd;k tk;s

¼iii½ Ukkekoyh eas lekfgr lHkh deZpkfj;ksa dks jkstxkj dkMZ fn, tk,a

¼iv½ U;k;ky; ds dgs vuqlkj lafonk ij j[ks x;s deZpkfj;ksa dk LokLF; ijh{k.k djk;k tk jgk gS rFkk LokLF; ijh{k.k ls lacaf/kr nLrkost ;kfpdkdrkZ la?k dks Hkh iznku fd, tk,aAß

10- vihydrkZ ds fo}ku odhy] ftUgsa jk"Vªh; jkt/kkuh {ks=

fnYyh ds odhyksa dk] ,uMh,elh rFkk MhMh, dk ijks{k

leFkZu izkIr Fkk] us cgl ds nkSjku dgk fd U;k;ky; }kjk

fn;k x;k mijksDr vkns'k jí gksus okyk gS] D;kasfd igys

fojks/kh i{k dh nkf[ky ;kfpdk dks lquokbZ djrs gq, tks

fd loZtu fgr dh eqdnesckth esa dh x;h Fkh rFkk 20-

08-2008 rFkk 21-04-2009 dks fn;s x;s vkns'k ikl djds

mPp U;k;ky; us blds vf/kdkj {ks= ds vuqPNsn 226

lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj74dh vogsyuk dh gS rFkk jkT; dh fo/kk;h 'kfDr;ksa dks

gM+i fn;k gSA fo}ku odhyksa us U;k;ky; }kjk tkjh nksuksa

vkns'kksa dk lanHkZ xzg.k dj rFkk muesa fufgr fn'kkfunsZ'kkas

ij cgl dh fd mPp U;k;ky; ds vf/kdkj {ks= esa ugha gS

fd og Bsdsnkj o vihydrkZ ds vuqca/k ds fu;e o 'krksZa

dks cny nsA fo}ku vf/koDrk us vkxs crk;k fd mPp

U;k;ky; us ,d xaHkhj xyrh vihydrkZ dks ;g funsZf'kr

djds dj dj nh fd og deZpkfj;ksa ds ifjokjksa dks

eqvkotk iznku djs cxSj ;g tkus o bl rF; dh mis{kk

djrs gq, fd os etnwj rks eSllZ vkjLksYQ fef'kxu&tsoh

ds }kjk j[ks x;s Fks ftUgsa fpfM+;k?kj {ks= esa iquZokl dk

dke lkSaik x;k Fkk] odhyksa us tksj nsdj dgk fd 'krks±

ds vk/kkj ij lhojksa dh lQkbZ esa yxs gq, deZpkfj;ksa dks

lqj{kk midj.k eqgS;k djkus dh iwjh ftEesnkjh Bsdsnkj

dh gksrh gS vkSj Bsdsnkj dh ykijokgh ;fn dksbZ gS rks

mlds fy, vihydrkZ dks Bsdsnkj dh ykijokgh] ;fn

gks] ds fy, ftEesnkj ugha Bgjk;k tk ldrk gSA fo}ku

odhy us fQj 18-4-2009 dks Bsdsnkj }kjk nkf[ky fd;s

x;s gyQukes ij ppkZ djrs gq, dgk fd lHkh lqj{kk

midj.k viuh&viuh txg ij miyC/k djk;s x;s Fks

vkSj crk;k fd vihydrkZ vkSj vU; futh laLFkkvksa dks

bu gksus okyh vkdfLed ekSrkas ds fy, ftEesnkj ugha

Bgjk;k tk ldrk gSA vUr esa fo}ku odhy us cgl

djrs gq, vius fopkj j[krs gq, dgk fd ;fn blds ckn

mPp U;k;ky; dks yxrk gS fd nq?kZVuk esa ekjs tkus okys

yksxksa ds uqdlku dh HkjikbZ djus dh iwjh ftEesnkjh

vihydrkZ o futh laLFkkvksa dh gS rks vihydrkZ vkSj

fnYyh fodkl izkf/kdj.k ds mPp vf/kdkfj;ksa dks vnkyr

dh voekuuk ,DV 1971 ¼la{ksi esa 1971 ,DV½ bl 20-8-

2008 esa lekfgr funsZ'kksa ds rFkkdfFkr mYya?ku ds rkSj

fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU; 75

ij izLrkfor izkFkfed dk;Zokgh ds rkSj ij dkj.k crkvks

uksfVl tkjh ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

11- fo}ku ofj"B vf/koDrk Jh dkWfyu xksUlkfYol tks fd

izfroknh la[;k&,d ds i{k esa is'k gq;s] us U;k;ky; }kjk

tkjh izfrokfnr vkns'k esa vihydrkZ vkSj jkT; dh vU;

,tsfUl;ksa ds }kjk tksf[keHkjk dke djus ds fy, ukSdjh ij

j[ks x;s deZpkfj;ksa dh lqj{kk gsrq fn;s x;s fn'kkfunZs'kksa

dk leFkZu fd;k fd ;s yksx ihfM+rksa dks eqvkotk nsus

dh viuh ftEesnkfj;ksa ls dsoy blfy, ihNk ugha NqM+k

ldrs fd mu yksxksa dks lhojksa ds j[kj[kko dk dke

rhljh laLFkk ds ek/;e ls djk;k tk jgk FkkA fo)ku

ofj"B vf/koDrk us vkxs dgk fd vihydrkZ okLro esa

mPp U;k;ky; }kjk fn;s x;s eqvkots ds funsZ'k ls O;fFkr

ugha gS] cfYd 1971 ,DV ds vUrxZr lhbZvks ij dk;Zokgh

ds fy, tkjh fd;s x;s uksfVl ls nq%[kh gSA mUgksaus dgk

fd vnkyr dks vihydrkZ dh leL;kvksa dks bl rjg ds

funsZ'kksa ds lkFk gy ugha djuk pkfg, D;ksafd lacaf/kr i{k

1971 ,DV dh /kkjk 2 ¼ch½ ds vUrZxr Li"V dj ldrk gS

fd mlds }kjk U;k;ky; dh voekuuk ugha dh x;h gSA

12- fo}ku vf/koDrk }kjk dh x;h ftjg ls fuEu rhu iz'u

gekjs fopkj ds fy, mBrs gSa %

¼1½ D;k mPp U;k;ky; us izfroknh la[;k&,d }kjk

tufgr ;kfpdk ds :i esa nk;j ;kfpdk izfrokfn;ksa

dks vius deZpkfj;ksa dks lqj{kk midj.k eqgS;k djkus

ds fy, dkjxj dne mBkus o nq?kZVukvks esa ekjs x;s

lhoj deZpkfj;ksa ds ifjokjksa dks eqvkotk nsus ds

fy, izHkko'kkyh ekunaM cukus ds fy, funsZf'kr djds

U;k;laxr QSlyk fy;k\

¼2½ D;k mPp U;k;ky; ds funsZ'k jkT; dh dk;Zdkjh

'kfDr;ksa dk gj.k djus ds leku gS\ esa dgk x;k gS

oS/kkfud 'kfDr;ksa dks gM+ik x;k vkSj\

¼3½ D;k mPp U;k;ky; e`r deZpkfj;ksa ds ifjokjksa dks

eqvkotk nsus laca/kh varfje funsZ'k tkjh djus ds fy,

l{ke gS\

iz'u la[;k&,d

13 izkjEHk esa ;g vuqfpr /kkj.kk lekIr dh tkuh t:jh

gS fd lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ lewgksa] ,fDVfoLV~l] etnwj

vkSj Lo;alsoh laLFkkvksa }kjk nk;j dh x;h ;kfpdkvksa

dks & tks mu yksxksa dh leL;kvksa dks mtkxj djus ds

fy, nk;j dh x;h gksa tks xjhch] vf'k{kk vkSj mis{kk

rFkk oSls gh vU; nwljh leL;kvksa ds dkj.k lafo/kku esa

fu/kkZfjr dkuwuh vf/kdkjksa ds vuq:i lqj{kk dh ekax ugha

dj ldrs rFkk jkT; laLFkkvksa] ,tsfUl;ksa rFkk vU; ,slh

laLFkkvksa vkSj ;gka rd fd O;fDr;ksa ds dk;ks± o Hkwyksa ds

dkj.k lc ncs :Ik esa lgu djrs jgrs gSaA ;g Hkh fd

cM+s U;k;ky;ksa us vius vfyf[kr dk;Z{ks= dh lhekvksa dks

c<k fn;k gSA tc Hkkjr dk lafo/kku viuk;k x;k Fkk

lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj76rc Hkkjr dks izHkqlÙkk laiUu yksdrkaf=d x.kjkT; cukus

dk ladYi fy;kA ns'k ds lHkh ukxfjdksa dks lkekftd]

vkfFkZd ,oa jktuhfrd U;k; fnykus ds lkFk gh vfHkO;fDr

dh Lora=rk] vkLFkk] fo'okl vkSj bZ'koanuk dh Lora=rk

dh Hkh O;oLFkk dh x;h FkhA blds vykok lkekftd Lrjksa

o voljksa esa dksbZ HksnHkko ugha fd;k x;k FkkA blds lkFk

gh lekt ds lHkh oxks± ds chp HkkbZpkjs dks c<kok nsus vkSj

lkFk&LkkFk O;fDr fo'ks"k dh e;kZnk vkSj ns'k dh ,drk

vkSj v[k.Mrk dh Hkh dkeuk dh x;h FkhA

14 lafo/kku dh izLrkouk esa fu/kkZfjr fd;s x;s mn~ns';ksa dh

iwfrZ ds fy, lafo/kku fuekZrkvksa us lkFk gh ukxfjdksa ds

ewy vf/kdkjksa dks Hkkx&III esa ,df=r djds ewy vf/kdkjksa

ds uke ls ukekafdr fd;kA lkFk gh jkT; ds uhfr

funsZ'kd rRoksa dh Hkh O;oLFkk dh x;h ftudks dksbZ

U;k;ky; fØ;kfUor ugha dj ldrk ij ns'k ds lq'kklu

esa ewyrRo gSa vkSj jkT; Hkkx&IV esa fn;s x;s fl)karksa ds

vuqlkj dkuwu cukus ds fy, ck/; gSA vuqPNsn&38 tks

iqu% Øekafdr djds DykWt ¼1½ ds uke ls lafo/kku ds 44oas

la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e] 1978 ds tfj;s la'kksf/kr fd;k x;kA

blds vUrZxr ?kks"k.kk dh x;h fd jkT; izHkkoiw.kZ <ax ls

lkekftd O;oLFkk cuk;sxk ftlesa lkekftd] vkfFkZd ,oa

jktuhfrd U;k; reke ukxfjdksa dks feys lHkh laLFkkvksa

dks bldh tkudkjh iwjs ns'k dks nsuh gksxhA ;g gkykafd

lkekftd O;oLFkk ds rkSj ij gh gks ldrk gSA bl vuqPNsn

dh DykWt&¼2½ Hkh blh la'kksf/kr ,DV ds }kjk fufeZr dh

x;hA ;g ?kksf"kr djrh gS fd jkT; fo'ks"k :Ik ls dekbZ esa

fo"kerk dks de djus vkSj O;kIr vlekurk dks nwj djus

rFkk lqfo/kkvksa vkSj voljksa dks u dsoy izR;sd O;fDr rd

cfYd vyx&vyx oxks± ds vyx&vyx txgksa ij jgus

okys yksxkas ds chp vyx&vyx O;olk;ksa esa yxs yksxksa

rd igqapkus dk vius Lrj ij iz;kl djsxkA vuqPNsn 39

¼bZ½ ds vuqlkj jkT; dks fo'ks"kdj ;g lqfuf'pr djuk

gksxk fd og etnwjksa dh tkueky ls lacaf/kr] efgyk o

iq#"k ls lacaf/kr uhfrfu;eksa dk funsZ'ku djsxk rFkk lkFk

gh bl ckr dk Hkh [k;ky j[ksxk fd cPps izHkkfor u gksa

rFkk ns'k ds ukxfjd ,sls O;olk; esa vkus ds fy, ck/;

u gkas tks muds eqrkfcd u gksA vuqPNsn 39 ¼,½] tks

fd 1976 ,DV esa ¼42 os la'kks/ku½ ds ckn cuk;k x;k]

fu/kkZfjr djrk gS fd jkT; dks lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg,

fd U;k; dks c<+kok nsus okyh dkuwu O;oLFkk lqpk# :Ik

ls pyrh jgs] fo'ks"kdj mi;qDr dkuwu vkSj ;kstuk vFkok

fdlh vU; iz;kl dkuwuh lqfo/kk fu'kqYd iznku dh tk

jgh gS ;k ugha ;g ns[ksA ;g Hkh lqfuf'pr gks fd U;k;

dks cpk;s j[kus gsrq voljksa dks fdlh Hkh ukxfjd ds fy,

fdlh vkfFkZd vkSj fdlh vU; deh dh otg ls udkjk

ugha tkuk pkfg,A vuqPNsn 42 ds vuqlkj jkT; ukxfjdksa

ds fy, ekuoh; ifjfLFkfr;ka vkSj ekr`Ro lqdwu iznku dh

O;oLFkk djuk funsZf'kr djrk gSA

fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU; 77

15- fiNys 63 o"kZ esa lalan ,oa jkT; fo/kku eaMyksa us

lafo/kku dh izLrkouk esa fu/kkZfjr mn~ns';kaas dh iwfrZ

ds fy, vusd dkuwu cuk;s ysfdu mudk dk;kZUo;u

ukdkQh] f'kfFky ,oa lqLr jgkA bu fo/kkueaMyksa }kjk

fd;s x;s dY;k.kdkjh mik; lekt ds yk[kksa xjhc]

innfyr ,o ykHkoafpr yksxksa rd ugha igqap ik;s

tks fd mu yksxksa] ftuds ikl ;g lc gS o ftuds

ikl ugha gS] ds chp cuh [kk;h dks ikVus ds fy,

fo/kkueaMyksa esa bu dkuwuksa dk vkfoHkkZo fd;k x;k

Fkk tks fd iw.kZr% ykxw ugha gks ldkA bldk lcls

nq%[kn igyw ;g jgk gS fd tc Hkh la?k ds rhu

[kacksa esa ls ,d ?kVd ;kuh U;k;ikfydk }kjk tc

Hkh mu yksxksa ds fgr ds fy, ftUgsa ;s izkIr ugha gSa

vkSj tks dsoy xjhch] vf'k{kk vkSj mis{kkiw.kZ O;oLFkk

ls izHkkfor gq, gS] muds i{k esa tc lekurk] Lor=rk

,o thou ls lacf/kr dksbZ dkuwu cuk;k tkrk gS rFkk

mls fØzz;kfUor djus dk vkns'k tkjh fd;k tkrk gS rks

twMhf'k;y ,fDVfoTe bR;kn ds os"k esa cgl 'kq: gks

tkrh gS vkSj detksj oxZ ds yksxksa ds fgr ds fy, tkjh

vkns'k cM+s U;k;ky;ksa esa pqukSrh ds ik= cu tkrs gSaA bl

izdkj ds T;knkrj eqdnesckth djus dk dkj.k dsoy mu

xjhc yksxksa ds fgrksa dks nckuk gS] ftUgsa okLro esa budh

vko';drk gSA

16- bl U;k;ky; us ckj&ckj lekt ds detksj oxks± ds

vf/kdkjksa ds fy, ;kfpdk,a nk;j fd;s tkus dks egRo

fn;k gSA ihiYl ;wfu;u QkWj MseksØsfVd jkbV~l cuke

Hkkjrh; la?k ¼1942½3 ,llhlh 235 esa bl U;k;ky; us

dgk %

Þge tksj nsdj ;g dguk pkgrs gSa fd tufgr esa gksus

okyh eqdnesckth & tks dkuwuh lgk;rk vkanksyu dk

j.kuhfrd gfFk;kj gS vkSj ftldk mís'; U;k; dks

xjhc turk dh igqap ds Hkhrj ykuk gS] ,slh xjhc

turk tks iwjh ekuork esa cgqr de fn[kk;h nsrh gS

& fcYdqy fHkUu izdkj dh eqdnesckth gS] vFkkZr

ikjaifjd eqdnesckth ls fcYdqy fHkUuA ikjaifjd

eqdnesckth esa rks izfr}a}rk gs] elyu nks i{kksa esa

eqdnesckth gksrh gS] ftlesa nkos fd;s tkrs gSa ;k

lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj78jkgr pkfg, gksrh gSA yksdfgr ds vUrZxr vkus okys

eqdnes U;k;ky; ds le{k dsoy blfy, ugha yk;s

tkrs fd og ,d O;fDr ds vf/kdkj dks nwljs ij

ykxw djs tSlk fd lkekU; eqdnekas esa gksrk gS( cfYd

bu eqdneksa ds ihNs yksxks dh #fp dks cpkus o

c<kok nsus dh ea'kk gksrh gS fd cMh la[;k esa tks

yksx] xjhc gSa] misf{kr gSa rFkk lkekftd o vkfFkZd

:i ls fiNM+s gSa] os yksx dkuwuh ,oa laoS/kkfud

vf/kdkjksa ls oafpr o misf{kr u jg tk;saA ,slk u

gks rks dkuwu dk 'kklu QyhHkwr u gksxk fdlh Hkh

yksdrkaf=d O;oLFkk esaA dkuwu lEer O;oLFkk ls

gekjk rkRi;Z ;g ugha gS fd dkuwu dh lqj{kk dsoy

dqN HkkX;'kkyh yksxksa dks gh gksuh pkfg,A ;g Hkh ugha

gksuk pkfg, fd fufgr LokFkhZ rRo dkuwu dks os';k

cukdj oSlk gh O;ogkj djsa ;kuh vius flfoy vkSj

jktuhfrd vf/kdkjksa dh vkM+ esa ;FkkfLFkfr cuk,

j[ksaA oLrqr% xjhcksa dks Hkh ukxfjdksfpr ,oa jktuhfrd vf/kdkj izkIr gSa vkSj dkuwu muds fy, Hkh gS gkykafd orZeku esa ;g dsoy dkxtksa rd gh fleV dj jg x;k gS rFkk okLrfodrk blds foijhr gSA tc phuh ds O;kikfj;ksa o 'kjkc m|ksxifr;ksa dks ewy vf/kdkj vius O;olk;ksa dks QSykus o turk dk 'kks"k.k dj viuk /ku lap; c<kus gsrq izkIr gSa] rc Pkekj dgs tkus okyh tkfr ds yksx bl lekt ds lcls uhps rcds ls gksus ij Hkh mUgsa vius [kwu&ilhus dh dekbZ ds ckn Hkh bTtr dh ftanxh thus dk vf/kdkj D;kaas izkIr ugha gS\ mPp oxZ ds yksxksa ds

ewy vf/kdkjksa dk tjk lk Hkh guu gksrk gS rks os lekt esa izfrf"Br odhyksa] dkuwuh lykgdkjksa & ftUgsa fd 4 ls 5 vadksa esa Qhl dk Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk gS & mUgas ysdj vius ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa dks cpkus gsrq [kM+s gks tkrs gSA vkSj ;fn ewy vf/kdkjksa dh vogsyuk dh vkM+ esa muds 'kks"k.k djus ds vf/kdkjksa ij vkap ugha vkrh gS rks mudh cgknqjh] lkgl Lora=rk vkSj fuMjrk ds fy, U;k;ky;ksa dh iz'kalk dh tkrh gSA ysfdu ;fn xjhc] lrk;s gq, yksxksa rFkk vU;k; ls ihfM+r yksxksa ds vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk gsrq tufgr ;kfpdk nk;j dh tkrh gS rks rFkkdfFkr dkuwu ds fonwf"k;ksa dh R;ksfj;ka p< tkrh gSa vkSj os muds ekeyksa ij dk;Zokgh dks dherh le; u"V djuk gh ekurs gSaA blds vykok ;s Lo;aHkw ekuo vf/kdkjh dk;ZdrkZ Hkwy tkrs gSa fd ukxfjd ,oa jktuhfrd vf/kdkj xjhc yksxksa ds fy, gSa gh ughaA cM+h la[;k esa iq#"k&efgyk,] cPps tks gekjh tula[;k dk ,d cMk fgLlk gSa BsB xjhch esa gh thrs gSa os vekuoh; fLFkfr;ksa esa jg jgs gSaA mUgsa lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd O;oLFkk esa dksbZ fo'okl ugha jg x;k gSA

yksdfgr dh eqdnesckth dk tgka rd vFkZ le> esa vkrk gS] ;g ;kfpdkdrkZ dh vksj ls lg;ksx vkSj lkeatL; dh dksf'k'kksa dk Qy gSA jkT; vFkok yksd izkf/kdj.k vkSj U;k;ky; pkfg, fd detksj vkSj oafpr oxks± rd laoS/kkfud vkSj dkuwuh vf/kdkj igqaps vkSj lkFk gh vU; ykHk vkSj fo'ks"kkf/kdkjA bu oxks± rd lkekftd U;k; Hkh igqapsA jkT; vFkok yksd izkf/kdj.k] ftlds f[kykQ Hkh tufgr ;kfpdk vk;s] bUgsa lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd :i ls detksj rcdksa ds ewy ekuokf/kdkjksa rFkk dkuwuh vf/kdkjksa dks lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg,A jkT; vkSj yksd izkf/kdj.k

fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU; 79

bR;kfn dks rks ,sls dk;ks± dk Lokxr djuk pkfg, D;ksafd ;g mUgsa volj iznku djrk gS lekt ds detksj oxks± ds yksxks ds lkFk gq;s vU;k; dks U;k; esa cnyus dkA jkT; vFkok yksd izkf/kdj.k dk eq[; mn~ns'; detksj rcdksa vkSj leqnk;ksa dk dY;k.k lqfuf'pr djuk vko';d :i ls gSA

dqN i=dkjksa] odhyksa o vke yksxksa esa ;g xyr /kkj.kk gS fd yksdfgr ds eqdnes vuko';d :ils yafcr iMs+ ekeyksa dh Qkbyksa ds <sj dks c<krs gSaA vr% bl izdkj ds yksdfgr ds eqdneksa dks vnkyr ds }kjk izksRlkfgr ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ge yksxksa dh ekufldrk ,slh cu pqdh gS fd tSlk gS Bhd gSA os yksx tks yksdfgr eqdneksa dh fuUnk djrs gS] mUgsa ns[kdj ,slk ugha yxrk fd os ;g Lohdkj djuk pkgrs gSa fd U;k;ky; dsoy vehj oxZ] tehnkjksa vkSj O;olkf;;ksa] o vkS|ksfxd {ks= ds cMs+ yksxksa

ds fy, gh ugha cfYd ns'k ds mu yk[kksa yksxksa ds fy, Hkh gSa tks xjhc] v/kuaxs&Hkw[ks] fodykax o ewyHkwr lsokvksa ls jfgr gSa rFkk ftuds ikl mijksDr lHkh lqfo/kk,a] tks fd laiUu oxZ ds ikl gSa] ekStwn ugha gSaA vc rd U;k;ky; dsoy mPpdqyhu jbZl yksxksa ds vf/kdkjksa ds nks"k fuokj.k ds fy, gh iz;ksx gksrs vk;s gSaA vHkh rd dsoy fxus&pqus oxks± ds yksx gSa tks viuh #fp;ksa dh j{kk ds fy, vnkyr esa tkrs jgs gSaA

vHkh rd ;s /kuoku yksx gh os yksx jgs gSa ftuds ikl U;k; izkIr djus dh lksus dh pkch igqap ik;h gSA fdlh Hkh jkT; dks ;g vf/kdkj izkIr ugha gSa fd og vius ukxfjdksa dks muds eqdnesa ysus ls ;g dgrs gq;s euk dj ns fd mlds ikl /kuoku o jbZl yksxksa ds yk[kkas ekeys yafcr iMs gSa tc rd mu ekeyksa dk fuiVkjk u gks tk; rc rd muds eqdneksa dks Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk;sxkA vc le; vk x;k gS tc bl ns'k dh vnkyrksa dks xjhc turk dh vnkyrksa esa ifjofrZr gks tkuk pkfg,A mUgsa viuh orZeku fLFkfr] tSlh os igys gh LFkkfir dj pqds gSa] ds ckjs esa ifjfpr djk;k tkuk pkfg, fd fdl izdkj Hkkjr dh tula[;k ds ,d cM+s fgLls dks U;k; dh t:jr gSA tks ihf<+;ksa ls bl ns'k ds mPp oxZ ds }kjk mudks fn;s tkus ls udkjk x;k gSA mUgsa ;g Lohdkj dj ysuk pkfg, fd Hkkjrh; lafo/kku dk eq[; mn~ns'; lekt dks U;k; fnykus dk gS vkSj ;g lafo/kku ds vUrZxr U;k;ky;ksa dk drZO; gS fd os xjhc rFkk misf{kr rcdksa dks lfØ;rk ls U;k; fnykus esa enn djsa rFkk lafo/kku ds ewyHkwr mn~ns';kas dks le>saA

¼tksj nsdj dgk x;k gS½

lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj8017- gqlSuvkjk [kkrwu ¼IV½ cuke fcgkj ljdkj ¼1980½ 1

,llhlh 98

U;k;ewfrZ Ikh,u Hkxorh ¼rRdkyhu in/kkjh½ ds vuqlkj %

Þvkt nqHkkZX;iw.kZ <ax ls gekjh U;k;O;oLFkk esa ls xjhcksa dks ckgj fudky fn;k x;k gS vkSj ifj.kkeLo:i ;s yksxk U;k;O;oLFkk ls viuk fo'okl [kks jgs gSaA mudk ;g fo'okl Hkh de gks jgk gS fd U;k;O;oLFkk muds thou dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ifjorZu yk ldrh gS vkSj mUgsa U;k; Hkh fnyk ldrh gSA xjhc ges'kk ls dkuwu O;oLFkk ds laidZ esa vkus ij xyr vksj gh jgs gSaA os ges'kk ^ykW vko n iwvj* ds ctk; ^ykW QkWj n iwvj* gh le>rs jgs gSaA U;k; dks mUgksaus dqN bl rjg ls le>k gS tks dqN jgL;e;h T;knk gSA tks dqN NksM+usokyh oLrq gS vkSj tks ges'kk muls dqN&u&dqN Nhudj nwj ys tkrh gSA muds fy, ;g O;oLFkk ldkjkRed vkSj jpukRed lkekftd vkStkj ds :i esa izdV ugha gksrh tks lkekftd vkfFkZd vk/kkj dks cnys vkSj muds thou dh ifjfLFkfr;ka cny ns mUgsa vf/kdkj vkSj ykHk miyC/k djkdjA ifj.kkeLo:i] dkuwu iz.kkyh esa detksj rcdksa dk fo'okl ugha jg x;k gSAß

18- jryke uxj ifj"kn cuke c/khZpku ¼1980½4 ,llhlh

162

U;k;ewfrZ Ñ".kk v¸;j ds vuqlkj %

Þ;g lp gS fd gekjh U;k;iz.kkyh esa dqN xaHkhj fo"k; bl j.kuhfrd egRo dk cukrs gSa vkSj ge buls eq[kkfrc gksrs gSaA gesa bUgsa roTtks nsuh pkfg,] pwafd ;s yksxksa ds U;k;

rd igqapus esa leL;k cu tkrs gSa---

;fn U;k; dh /kqjh tSlk fd lafo/kku dh izLrkouk dgrh gS& yksdl LVSaMkbZ ds ikjaifjd O;fDrokn ls tufgr eqdnesckth ;kuh lkeqnkf;drk dh vksj f[kldrh gS rc ,sls fo"k;ksa ij ppkZ vko';d gS---

xxx xxx xxx

vke vkneh dks yksdfgr dk;Zokgh esa D;ksa ?klhVk tk;\ tgka uhfr&funsZ'kd fl)kUr laoS/kkfud iz.kkyh esa funsZ'kd dh Hkwfedk esa gSa] ogka U;k;ky; pqi ugha cSBsaxs vkSj uxjikfydk ljdkj dks laoS/kkfud migkl ugha cuus nsaxsA dkuwu rks fujarj ykxw fd;k tk,xk vkSj tc yksx U;k; dh xqgkj yxk jgs gksa rc /ku dh deh gksus dks rdZ ugha ekuk tk,xkAß

19- mRrjkapy ljdkj cuke cyoar flag pkSQky ¼2010½3

,llhlh 402 ds ekeysa esa bl U;k;ky; us yksdfgr

eqdneksa ij dkuwuh O;oLFkk ds vUrZxr ,oa ckgj bldh

xjhcksa dks Hkh ukxfjdksfpr ,oa

jktuhfrd vf/kdkj izkIr gSa vkSj

dkuwu muds fy, Hkh gS gkykafd

orZeku esa ;g dsoy dkxtksa rd

gh fleV dj jg x;k gS rFkk

okLrfodrk blds foijhr gS

fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU; 81

vkykspuk ds vusd igyqvksa ij fopkj fd;kA U;k;ewfrZ

nyohj HkaMkjh us bl /kkj.kk ij ,d lqcks/k fo'ys"k.k

fd;kA yksdfgr ds eqdnekas esa fuEufyf[kr rhu fLFkfr;ka

ik;h x;ha %

ÞQst&1% ;g bl U;k;y; ds mu eqdneks ls lacaf/kr gS ftuesa lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 21 ds vUrZxr lekt ds mu oafpr oxks± vkSj vR;ar xjhcksa] vf'kf{krksa vkSj misf{krksa ds ewy vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk ds fy, vkns'k tkjh fd;s x;s Fks] pwafd os Lo;a bl U;k;ky; vFkok mPp U;k;ky;ksa rd ugha igqap ldrsA

Qst&2% ;g mu eqdneksa ls lacaf/kr gS tks Ik;kZoj.k j{kk] okrkoj.k j{kk] leqnzh thou] taxyh thou] ioZrksa] ufn;ksa] ,sfrgkfld bekjrksa vkfn dh j{kk ls tqM+s gSaA

Qst&3% ;g 'kklu esa fo'oluh;rk o ikjnf'kZrk cuk;s j[kus gsrq U;k;ky; ds vkns'kksa ls lacaf/kr gSA

izFke Qst dh izxfr dks ns[krs gq, rFkk cgqr ls iwoorhZ

ekeyksa vkSj nLrkostksa ds vk/kkj ij U;k;ky; fuEufyf[kr

fu"d"kZ ij igqapk %

Þge bu ekeyksa dks c<+kdj fu.kZ;ksa dks tfVy vkSj Hkkjh ugha cukuk pkgrs gSaA ysfdu bu ekeyksa dk laf{kIr fooj.k izLrqr djrk gS fd oafprksa] xjhcksa vkSj gkf'k;ksa ij iM+s yksxksa ds ewyHkwr vf/kdkjksa dh lqj{kk vkSj laj{k.k ds fy, U;k;ky;ksa us yksdl LVSaMkbZ ds ikjaifjd fu;eksa esa <+hy nh gS rFkk ihfM+r O;fDr dh ifjHkk"kk dks vkSj foLrkj fn;k gS rFkk blh ewy Hkkouk ds lkFk funsZ'k&vkns'k fn;s gSaA ge bl dky ds mu ekeyksa dh rjQ vkidk /;ku

dsfUnzr djuk pkgsaxs tgka yksdl LVSaMkbZ ds fu;eksa dks yksdfgr ds ekeyksa ds fy, lgh Bgjk;k x;k gSA loksZPp U;k;ky; rFkk mPp U;k;ky;ksa us lrk;s oxZ ds yksxksa o xjhc yksxksa ds ewy vf/kdkjksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, viuh uohu dksf'k'kksa ds }kjk bu yksxksa dk vknj Hkko o fo'okl gkfly fd;k gSAß

20- mijksDr fu.kZ; vihydrkZ dh vkifÙk;ksa dk iw.kZ mÙkj gSa

tks izfroknh la[;k&,d us fjV ;kfpdk dh esaVsaufofyVh

ij mBk;h gSaA mPp U;k;ky; us bl ;kfpdk ij lquokbZ

djds o lhojksa esa dke djus okys yksxksa ds fgr esa vkns'k

o fn'kkfunsZ'k tkjh ugha fd;k] cfYd ;g Hkh fl) dj

fn;k fd lekt ds xjhc o izrkfM+r rcds ds yksxksa dks Hkh

U;k; fnykuk ck/;dkjh gS vkSj ge ;gka rd dg ldrs gSa

fd muls Åij ds U;k;ky; ;fn viuk laoS/kkfud drZO;

iwjk djus esa l{ke ugha gksrs gSa ;k os lPps lkekftd

laxBuksa] ,uthvks rFkk lkekftd dk;ZdrkZvksa }kjk nk;j

dh x;h ;kfpdkvksa] tks fd lHkh yksxksa ds fy, ,d leku

rFkk tks lafo/kku esa fuf'Pkr rkSj ij ewy vf/kdkjksa ds uke

ls tkus tkrs gS] ij lquokbZ djrs gq, l{ke ugha gksxhA

jktuhfrd o iz'kklfud i{kksa dh rjg U;kf;d i{k dk

Hkh dÙkZO; gS fd izR;sd ukxfjd ds vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk gks

rkfd gj ukxfjd xfjek ds lkFk thou ;kiu dj ldsA

;fn fodYi fn;k tk; rks eSugksy esa tkdj lhojksa dh

lQkbZ djus ds fy, dksbZ Hkh O;fDr jkth ugha gksxk]

ysfdu dqN yksx blfy, etcwj gksdj bu [krjukd

lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj82eSugksyks esa tkdj lkQ&lQkbZ djrs gSa rkfd os dqN iSls

cukdj viuk o vius ifjokj dk Hkj.k iks"k.k dj ldsaA

os nwljs yksxksa ds vkjke ds fy, viuk thou nkao ij

yxk nsrs gSa] ysfdu nqHkkZX;o'k fiNys dqN n'kdksa ls 'kgjh

lekt dk /kuh oxZ mu yksxksa dh nqnZ'kk ds izfr] tks xjhch

feVkus ds fy, ,sls dke djus ij etcwj gS] laosnughu

gks pqds gSaA

lekt ds bl ¼/kuh½ rcds ds yksx ;g tkuuk Hkh ugha

pkgrs fd D;ksa fdlh dks bu lhojksa esa fcuk lqj{kk midj.kksa

ds izos'k djus ds fy, ck/; fd;k tkrk gSA os rc eqag eksM+

nsrs gSa tc eSugksy ¼lhoj dh lqjax½ esa e`r O;fDr ds 'kjhj

dks jLlh ;k Øsu dh enn ls ckgj fudkyk tkrk gSA ,sls

ifjn`'; esa vnkyrsa l{ke gh ugha] cfYd dkuwuh :i ls

ck/; gSa fd os [krjukd dke djus ds fy, ck/; gksus okys

yksxksa ds ekeyksa dk laKku ysaA og mu yksxksa ds thou

ls tqMdj tks yksx bl rjg ds tku tksf[ke fnu cgqr

gh nq%[kn o d#.kkiw.kZ gksxk tc Åaph vnkyrsa mu yksxksa

ds fy, vius njokts can dj nsaxh tks yksx fcuk fdlh

O;fDrxr LokFkZ ds ;k fdlh vU; otg ds xjhcksa] oafprksa

ds dkuwuh vkSj laoS/kkfud vf/kdkjksa dh lqfuf'pr ds fy,

vkxs vkrs gSa rFkk lqj{kk dh ekax djrs gSa tc U;k; iz.kkyh

dj pksjh dj ns'k ds [ktkus dks uqdlku igqapkus okys

yksxksa rFkk gR;k] cykRdkj] ngst gR;k] vigj.k djus

okyksa vkSj ;gka rd fd vkradoknh xfrfof/k;k djus okyksa

}kjk fu;qDr laHkzkr vf/koDrkvksa dks lquus esa ?kaVs] fnu

vkSj eghus yxk nsrh gSa] rc dqN le; ml cgqy lekt

dh f'kdk;rksa dks lquus ds fy, Hkh fn;k tkuk pkfg, tks

pqipki d"V >syrk gSA ;gka] bl cM+s oxZ dk izfrfuf/kRo

izfroknh la[;k&,d us fd;k gSA

mRrj 2%

21- ,sls mnkgj.k gSa tgka U;k;ky; us viuh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx

vuqPNsn 32 ¼vuqPNsn 142 ds lkFk½ ds vUrZxr fn'kkfunsZ'k

tkjh djrs gq, varj dks Hkjus dk dke fd;k gSA fo'kk[kk

cuke jktLFkku ljdkj ¼1997½6 ,llhlh] 241] fouhr

ukjk;.k cuke Hkkjrh; la?k ¼1998½] ,llhlh 226

vkSj Hkkjrh; la?k cuke ,lksfl,'ku QkWj MseksØsfVd

fjQkWElZ ¼2002½5 ,llhlh 294 dqN mnkgj.k gSa tks

vuqPNsn 32 ds vUrZxr vke ukxfjd ds ewy vf/kdkjksa dks

fØ;kfUor djus ls lacaf/kr gSaA fo'kk[kk cuke jktLFkku

jkT; ¼lqizk½ ds ekeys esa dqN lkekftd dk;ZdrkZvksa o

xSj&ljdkjh laLFkkvksa }kjk nk;j ewy vf/kdkjksa ds vUrZxr

vuqPNsn 14] 19] 21 esa dkedkth efgykvksa dh lqj{kk gsrq

ekax dh x;h FkhA

Þ11- dkuwu dh viqifLFkfr esa bu ewyHkwr vf/kdkjksa dks lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 32 ds varxZr ykxw djus ds fy, bl U;k;ky; dh ck/;rk dks U;k;ikfydk dh Hkwfedk isbfpax LVsVesaV vkWo fizalhiYl vkWo n babsisaMsal vkWo n twfMf'k;jh bu n yokfl;k jhtu

fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU; 83

ds vuq:i ns[kk tkuk pkfg,A isbfpax oDrO; esa U;k;ikfydk ds mís'; bl izdkj gS %

U;k;ikfydk ds mnns';

10- U;k;ikfydk ds dk;Z vkSj mn~ns'; bl izdkj ls gS %

¼,½ lqfuf'pr djuk fd dkuwu ds jkt esa lHkh O;fDr; lqjf{kr :i ls jgsa(

¼Ckh½ dkuwu ds mfpr nk;js ds vUnj ekuo vf/kdkjksa dks c<+kok nsuk rFkk mUgsa gkfly djuk(

¼lh½ dkuwu dks O;fDr;ksa vFkok O;fDr o jkT; ds chp HksnHkko ds fcuk lapkfyr djukAß

22- fouhr ukjk;.k cuke Hkkjr la?kjkT; ¼lqizk½ ds ekeys esa

dksVZ us O;oLFkk nh fd %

Þbl U;k;ky; dks lafo/kku }kjk iznÙk 'kfDr;ksa ds ek/;e ls bl nq"izHkko dks nwj fd;k tk ldrk gS rFkk lekurk ds vf/kdkj dks fØ;kfUor fd;k tk ldrk gSA

vuqPNsn 32 ^vuqPNsn 142 ds lkFk i<+rs gq;s] ,sls vkns'k nsus ds fy, l{ke gS vkSj vuqPNsn 141 ds lkeF;Z ls reke izkf/kdkfj;ksa dks bl U;k;ky; ds vkns'kksa ds vuq:i dk;Z djus dk vf/kdkj ns jgk gS tks fd lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 142 esa mfYyf[kr gSA

bl U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ;ksa ds laca/k esa ;g 'kfDr fu/kkZfjr dh tkrh gS o iz;ksx dh tkrh gSA ;fn bldh vko';drk gks rks og Hkh t:jh funsZ'kksa dks tkjh dj ;g varj ikVus ds fy, ml le; rd tc rd fo/kkf;dk blesa 'kkfey ugha gksrh bl varj dks [kRe djus vkSj bldk dk;Z fu/kkZfjr djus ds fy,Aß ¼tksj nsdj½

23- Hkkjr la?k jkT; cuke ,lksfl,'ku QkWj MseksØsfVd

fjQkElZ ¼lqizk½ dh ;kfpdk esa bl U;k;ky; ls fnYyh

mPp U;k;ky; dh [kaMihB }kjk fof/k vk;ksx dh 170oha

fjiksVZ dh flQkfj'ksa ykxw djus ds fy, fn;s x;s funsZ'kksa

dh lPpkbZ ij[kus dk vkxzg fd;k FkkA fof/k bu funsZ'kksa

esa lq/kkj djrs le; U;k;ky; us O;oLFkk nh fd %

Þ45- vUrr% gekjs fopkj esa bl dksVZ ds ikl Ik;kZIr 'kfDr;ka gSa ftuds ek/;e ls og vk;ksx dks mfpr dkuwu u gksus ds dkj.k dfe;ksa dks nwj djus ds fy, funsZf'kr dj ldrk gSA U;k;ky; dk ekuuk gS fd {ks=ksa o yksxksa nksuksa dks pqukoh mEehnokjksa ds fo"k; esa iwjh tkudkjh iznku djus dh t:jr gS] rkfd os vius [kqn ds vkdyu ls ,d O;fDr dk pquko dj ldsaA ;g iw.kZ:i ls dk;Zikfydk dk

lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj84mRrjnkf;Ro gS fd og ,fDtD;wfVo vkWMZj ls dfe;ksa dks nwj djs D;ksafd dk;Zikfydk dk {ks= Hkh fo/kkf;dk ds leku gh gS vkSj ogka ij tgka fdlh Hkh dkj.ko'k dk;Zikfydk dh dksbZ Hkh dk;Zokgh gS] U;k;ikfydk dks vo'; chp esa vkuk pkfg,A og Hkh laoS/kkfud izfrc)rk ds }kjk iznku dh x;h 'kfDr;kas ds Ikz;ksx ds :Ik esaA og Hkh rc rd tc rd fd fo/kkf;dk bl {ks= dks viuh lhek esa ysus ds fy, mfpr dk;Zokgh vius Lrj ls ugha dj nsrh gSA lkoZtfud thou esa de bZekunkjh gksus ds dkj.k Hkz"Vkpkj ds vusd :iksa dks c<kok feyrk gSA blfy, ;fn ,d mEehnokj dks viuh ifr@iRuh] vkfJrksa] laifRr;k ¼py vFkok vpy½] dherh lktks&lkeku dh tkudkjh lkoZtufd djus dk funsZ'k gksrk gS rks bldk Hkh viuk egRo gSA bl U;k;ky; us fo'kk[kk cuke jktLFkku jkT; dh ;kfpdk esa ;kSu mRihM+u ds ekeys dk fuiVkjk fd;k ftlesa ;g mRihMu efgyk ds lkFk mlds dk;kZy; esa fd;k x;k rFkk fo/kkf;dk dh vuqifLFkfr esa ftlesa ewy vf/kdkjksa ds vUrZxr vkus okys ySafxad lekurk o thou ds vf/kdkj dk mYya?ku gqvkA vr% isbfpax oDrO; ds vUrZxr U;k;ikfydk dh Lora=rk o U;k;ikfydk ds varj dh Hkh tkap dh tkuh pkfg,A fu.kZ; esa dgk x;k fd fn;s x;s fn'kkfunsZ'kksa dh l[rh ds lkFk tkap dh tkuh pkfg,A tc rd fd blls lacf/kr dkuwu dh O;oLFkk ugha gks tkrh vkSj og bls vius vf/kdkj {ks= esa ugha ys ysrk gSA bl orZeku ekeys esa dksbZ fu;e o dkuwu dh O;oLFkk ugha gS fd os oksV nsus okyh turk dks ekaxh x;h o vko';d tkudkjh iznku djsaA tSlk fd igys dgk tk pqdk gS fd ;g dsl fouhr ukjk;.k dsl ij gh vk/kkfjr gS tgka ij

dksVZ us lhchvkbZ rFkk dsUnzh; lrZdrk vk;ksx ¼lhohlh½ dks vko';d fn'kkfunsZ'k fn;s Fks] pwafd ;gka dkuwu O;oLFkk dks ykxw djus okyk dksbZ mfpr dkuwu ugha FkkAß

24- mijksDr fu.kZ; esa fufgr eq[; ckrksa ds vk/kkj ij gesa

tkjh fn'kkfunsZ'kksa ds vk/kkj ij gq;h cgl dks [kkfjt

djus esa dksbZ fgpfdpkgV ugha gS fd mPp U;k;ky; us

jkT; dh fo/kk;h 'kfDr;ksa dks vius esa lekfgr dj fn;k

FkkA mPp U;k;ky; us dsoy bruk gh fd;k gS fd os yksx

tks fuf'Pkr :Ik ls tksf[keHkjk dke dj jgs gSa mUgsa thou

j{kd ;a= eqgS;k djk;s tkus pkfg, rFkk ekfydksa dks muds

LokLF; dh lqj{kk dk [k;ky j[kuk pkfg,A

jkT; vkSj bldh ,tsfUl;ka] dk;Znk;h laLFkk,a lhojksa dh

lQkbZ ls tqMs etnwjksa ds fy, izHkko'kkyh e'khuh midj.kksa

dks miyC/k djkus ls viuk ihNk ugha NqM+k ldrh gSaA

etnwj tks eSugksy ¼lhojksa½ esa dke djrsa gS mUgsa jkscksV

dh Hkkafr ugha le>k tkuk pkfg, fd mu ij lhojksa ds

vUnj tgjhyh xSlksa dk vlj ugha gks ldrkA u jkT;

u izkf/kdj.k o dk;Znk;h laLFkk,a ;k Bsdsnkj lHkh bl

laoS/kkfud izfrc)rk ds vUrZxr vkrs gSa fd os bl izdkj

ds dk;ks± esa yxs yksxksa dh lqj{kk dh ftEesnkjh ysaxsA vr%

euethZ vkSj vuqca/kh; Lora=rk dk rdZ vihydrkZ ds i{k

esa ugha gSA fygktk izfroknh la[;k&,d }kjk mBk;s x;s

elyksa dk izfrokn djus dh ;ksX;rk ugha gSA

fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU; 85

iz'u&rhu

25- vc gesa fopkj djuk gS fd mPp U;k;ky; }kjk e`rdksa

ds ifjokj okyksa dks fn;k x;k eqvkotk nsus laca/kh vkns'k

rdZlaxr Fkk ;k ughaA vkjaHk esa gh ge ,sls lkoZtfud

izkf/kdj.k ls vlgefr trkrs gSa tks ;gka ;kfpdkdrkZ gS(

ftlus dkuwuh izfØ;k dk mi;ksx izfroknh la[;k&,d

}kjk ,sls yksxksa ds ejus ds ,sot esa eqvkotk ikus dh

dksf'k'kksa dks fujk'k fd;k tks yksx Bsdsnkjksa dh mis{kk ds

dkj.k lhojksa dh j[kokyh dk dke djrs gq, ej x;s FksA

ge viuh ukjktxh blfy, Hkh tkfgj djrs gSa fd mPp

U;k;ky; us dsoy Ms<+ yk[k ls 2-25 yk[k #i;s dh

rqPN jkf'k dk eqvkotk ihfM+r ifjokjksa dks Hkqxrku ds fy,

Ik;kZIr le>k o ekfydkas dks funsZf'kr fd;kA mnkgj.k

ds fy, #nqy 'kkg cuke fcgkj jkT; ¼1983½ ,llhlh

141 [kkl eqdnek gS ftlesa U;k;ky; us vuqPNsn 32 ds

vUrZxr viuh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;kA bl ekeys esa

,d O;fDr dks xSjdkuwuh :Ik ls fgjklr esa j[kk x;k FkkA

fn;s x;s fu.kZ; ds iSjk 9 o 10 esa] tks bl ckr dh otgsa

crkrs gSa fd fdl izdkj iqjkus fu;e ls ckgj ns[kus dh

t:jr gS fd fdl izdkj ,d O;fDr dks ,d lkoZtfud

laLFkku dh mis{kk ls misf{kr O;fDr {kfriwfrZ gsrq vthZ

nkf[ky vkosnu dj ldrk gS] tks bl izdkj gS %

Þ9- ;g lR; gS fd vuqPNsn 32 vf/kdkjksa vkSj izfrc)rkvksa ds fodYi ds rkSj ij mruh izHkko'khyrk ls

ykxw ugha fd;k tk ldrk ftruk fd dksVZ] flfoy ,o fØfeuy dksVZ ds }kjk ykxw fd;k tk ldrk gSA ij] /kujkf'k ds nkos dk eqdnek NksVh ls NksVh vnkyr esa Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA ysfdu] egRoiw.kZ iz'u ;g mBrk gS fd vuqPNsn 32 ds vUrZxr vius vf/kdkj {ks= esa eqvkots dh vnk;xh ds fy, ;g U;k;ky; vkns'k tkjh dj ldrk gS\ ,slk vkns'k tks ewy vf/kdkjksa ds guu ds ifj.kke Lo:i fn;k x;k gksA

10- ge rdZ dks udkj ugha ldrsA gesa dksbZ mfpr mÙkj Hkh ugha fn[krk gSA ;kfpdkdrkZ pkgs rks og jkT; ljdkj ls uqdlku dh HkjikbZ dh ekax dj ldrk gSA [kq'kh dh ckr gS fd ljdkj ds odhy us bl vkifÙk ugha dh gSA ;kfpdkdrkZ dk lh/ks&lh/ks njfdukj fd;k tkrk Fkk ;fn {kfriwfrZ dk nkok fooknkLin gksrk vkSj blh ifjiz{; esa flfoy dksVZ mlds nkos dh iqf"V djrk Hkh ;k ughaA ysfdu] blesa dksbZ lansg ugha gS fd ;fn ;kfpdkdrkZ viuk nkok {kfriwfrZ ds fy, djrk gS fd mls xSjdkuwuh rkSj ij j[kk x;k Fkk rks bl nkos ds vUrZxr fu.kZ; rks tkjh gksuk gh pkfg,A gkykafd lcwrksa ds vHkko esa vHkh ls ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk vkSj ;g fd fdruh jkf'k ds Hkqxrku dk funsZ'k gksxkA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ;kfpdkdrkZ ds i{k esa bl dksVZ dk eqvkots ds fy, vkns'k tkjh djus ls badkj djuk mlds Lora=rk ds vf/kdkj] ftldk fd jkT; ljdkj us iwjh rjg ls mYya?ku fd;k gS] mlds fy, dsoy fn[kkoVh gh gksxkA ;fn vuqPNsn 21] tks thou o Lora=rk ds

lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj86vf/kdkj ds fy, gS] viuh xfjek [kks nsxk] ;fn ;g U;k;ky; dsoy xSjdkuwuh <ax ls fgjklr ls NksM+s tkus ek= ds fy, vkns'k tkjh djsA vuqPNsn 21 ds vuqikyu dk ,d vkSj rjhdk gS fd eqvkotk nsus laca/kh funsZ'k ds mYya?ku ds fy, tqekZuk yxk;k tk;A iz'kklfud lsysjksfll dh otg ls tc ewyHkwr vf/kdkjksa dk mYya?ku gksrk gS rc mUgsa djus ds fy, U;k; iz.kkyh ds ikl dksbZ nwljh fof/k miyC/k ugha gSA {kfriwfrZ dk vf/kdkj mi'keu djus okyh

xSjdkuwuh dk;Ziz.kkfy;ksa ds fy, gS rFkk tks jkT; ds fy, <ky ds rkSj ij iz;ksx dh tkrh gSa rFkk tks yksdfgr dk uke ysdj viuk mYyw lh/kk djrh gSA ;fn lH;rk dk bl ns'k esa uk'k ugha gqvk] tSlk fd vU; dqN cgqr izfr"Bk'kkyh ns'kksa esa gks x;k gS] rks bls cpkus ds fy, gesa lcdks f'kf{kr djuk gksxk fd O;fDr fo'ks"k ds ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk djuk gh og lR; gS ftlds ek/;e ls ge yksdra= dks cpk;s j[k ldrs gSaA blfy, vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk ;kfpdkdrkZ ds vf/kdkjksa dks igqapk;s x;s uqdlku dh {kfriwfrZ jkt; dks djuh pkfg,A og vius bu vf/kdkfj;ksa ds f[kykQ dkjZokbZ Hkh dj ldrk gSAß

26- uhykorh cgsM+k cuke mM+hlk jkT; ¼1993½ ,llhlh 746

ekeys esa bl dksVZ us ,d ,sls toku vkneh dh eka dks

eqvkotk fnyk;k ftldh ekSr iqfyl fgjklr esa fiVkbZ

ls gks x;h FkhA U;k;ky; us dgk fd ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa

dks ykxw djus dh mldh 'kfDr;ka U;k; fnykus ds fy,

vius fy, u;s midj.k cukus dh izfrc)rk Hkh j[krh

gSaA if'pe cax[ksr etnwj lfefr cuke if'pe caxky

jkT; ¼1996½ 4 ,llhlh 37 dsl esa dksVZ us ekeys dh

tkap dh fd D;k ljdkjh vLirky dk mis{kk ls ihfM+r

,d deZpkjh eqvkots dk gd j[krk gS vFkok ughaA fuEu

izdkj ;g fn;k tk jgk gS %

ÞLafo/kku us dY;k.kdkjh jkT; dh ifjdYiuk la?kh; ds lkFk&LkkFk jkT; Lrj ij dhA ,d yksd dY;k.kdkjh jkT; esa ljdkj dk izkFkfed drZO; vius yksxksa ds dY;k.k

fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU; 87

dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk fuekZ.k djuk gSA lHkh dks Ik;kZIr :Ik esa fpfdRldh; lqfo/kk,a eqgS;k djkus ds fy, Hkh ljdkj izfrc) gS rFkk ljdkj bldk ifjikyu vLirky ;k mipkj dsUnz [kksydj iwjk djrk gSA vuqPNsn 21 izR;sd O;fDr ds thou esa vf/kdkj dh fyf[kr izfrKk dks n'kkZrk gSA ekuoh; thou dks cpkuk mldh egRrk dks cgqr c<+k nsus ds leku gh jkT; }kjk pyk;s tkus okys ljdkjh vLirky rFkk buesa fu;qDr fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh ekuoh; thou dh j{kk gsrq vius drZO;ksa ls c/ks gq, gSa] ftuesa fd ljdkj ;fn ,d ,sls O;fDr dks ftls mipkj dh t:jr gS rFkk mls le; ls mipkj nsus esa lQy ugha jgrh gS rks ;g vuqPNsn 21 ds vUrZxr thou ds ekSfyd vf/kdkj dk mYya?ku gSA gdhe 'ks[k ds orZeku dsl esa ,slk gh gqvkA mlds vusd vLirkyksa esa tkus ds ckn Hkh udkj fn;k x;k tcfd mls rRdky fpfdRlk mipkj dh vko';drk Fkh rFkk mldh fLFkfr ml le; cgqr uktqd Fkh] pwafd gdhe 'ks[k dks dh x;h eukgh mu vLirkyksa esa dh x;h Fkh tks ljdkjh gSa rFkk tgka vf/kdkjh Hkh ljdkjh gh gSaA vr% ;g iwjh rjg ls mUgha dk mRrjnkf;Ro Fkk fd os gdhe dks bl rjg dh eukgh ugha dj ldrs FksA laoS/kkfud vf/kdkjksa ds vUrZxr gq;h gkfu] tSlk fd Hkkx&3 esa fuf'Pkr fd;s x;s gSa] mlds vUrZxr fLFkfr Li"V gS fd lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 32 vkSj 226 ds vUrZxr gksus okyh dk;Zokgh esa Ik;kZIr eqvkotk mijksDr ekeys esa fn;k tk ldrk gS] ¼nsa[ks #nqy 'kkg cuke fcgkj jkT;] uhykorh cgsM+k cuke mM+hlk jkT;] miHkksDrk f'k{k.k ,oa vuqla/kku dsUnz cuke Hkkjr la?k] vr% gdhe 'ks[k dks lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 21 ds vUrZxr lqfuf'Pkr vf/kdkj ds

rkSj ij mi;qDr eqvkotk fn;k tkuk pkfg, FkkA ekeys ds rF;ksa ,oa ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, ge bl rjg ds eqvkots dh jkf'k 25000 #i;s fuf'pr djrs gSaA bl dksVZ ds fnukad 22-4-1994 ds varfje vkns'k ds }kjk Jh gdhe'ks[k dks 15000 #i;s eqvkots dh jkf'k ds rkSj ij Hkqxrku fd;s tkus dk funsZ'k fn;k x;k Fkk rFkk ckdh /kujkf'k dks izfroknh la[;k&,d ds }kjk gdhe 'ks[k dks ,d eghus ds Hkhrj Hkqxrku djus dk vkns'k fd;k x;k FkkA

blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha gS fd bl izdkj dh lqfo/kkvksa ds fy, vkfFkZd miØeksa dk gksuk vR;Ur vko';d gS ysfdu lkFk gh lkFk ;g Hkh ugha Hkwyuk pkfg, fd ljdkj turk dh lsok ds fy, Ik;kZIr fpfdRldh; lsok,a eqgS;k djkus ds

lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj88fy, izfrc) gSA ihfM+r dks fu'kqYd dkuwuh lqfo/kk fn;s tkus ds fo"k; esa dksVZ us Ikk;k fd jkT; vkfFkZd lalk/kuksa dh deh dk gokyk nsdj laoS/kkfud izfrc)rkvksa ls ihNk ugha NqMk ldrh gS [ns[ksa [k=h (II) cuke fcgkj jkT;] ,llhlh i`"B&631 ij]A nh x;h flQkfj'ksa lekurk ds lkFk iz;ksx esa yk;h tk;sa] ;fn vf/kd u gks lds rks laoS/kkfud izfrc)rkvksa ds :Ik esa ekuo thou cpkus gsrq fpfdRldh; lqfo/kk eqgS;k djk;s tkus ds fy, fpfdRlk lsokvksa ds fy, /kujkf'k ds vkoaVu ds le; jkT; dh mijksDr laoS/kkfud izfrc)rkvksa dks vo'; /;ku esa j[kk tkuk pkfg,A

mijksDr vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus gsrq ,d [kkdk ;kstuk dks fØ;kfUor djus ds fy, cuk;k tkuk pkfg, tks fd gekjs }kjk Åij crk;h x;h vko';drkvksa vkSj miyC/krkvksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, vko';d gS rFkk ftlds iz;ksx ds fy, t:jh dne mBk;sa tk;aA bl dk;Zokgh ds fy, if'pe caxky gh ,d vdsyh ikVhZ gSA vU; jkT; gkykafd eqdnekas ds i{k esa ugha gSa] ysfdu lfefr ds }kjk nh x;h flQkfj'kksa dks fØ;kfUor djus ds fy, vko';d dne mBk;s tkus pkfg,A if'pe caxky ljdkj ds fnukad 22-8-95 ds Lej.ki= esa nh x;h flQkfj'ksa fuEu izdkj ls gSAß

27- jsyos cksMZ ps;jeSu cuke pafnzdknkl ¼2000½ 2 ,llhlh

465 ekeys esa bl dksVZ us bl ekeys ij fopkj fd;k fd

D;k mPp U;k;ky; ds }kjk jsLiksUMsUV }kjk nk;j dh x;h

;kfpdk dks yksdfgr ds eqdnes ds vUrxZr ysdj ml ij

fopkj fd;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj 10 yk[k #i;s dk eqvkotk

guwQk [kkrwu] tks fd ckXykans'k dh ukxfjd gS vkSj tks

iwohZ jsyos ds deZpkfj;ksa }kjk lsDlqvyh izrkfM+r dh x;h

Fkha] dk fn;k tkuk pkfg, vFkok ughaA

vihydrkZ ds bl rdZ dks [kkfjt djrs gq, fd jsi ihfM+r

efgyk flfoy dksVZ esa ;kfpdk nk;j djds U;k; izkIr dj

ldrh Fkh] nks U;k;k/kh'kksa dh [kaMihB us tufgr dkuwu

o oS;fDrd dkuwu esa Hksn dk lanHkZ fy;k tks fd dkWeu

dkWt lkslk;Vh cuke Hkkjrh; la?k ¼1996½ 6 ,llhlh

667 rFkk vU; eqdnekas] tgka vusd vf/kdkjksa ds mYya?ku

gsrq eqvkots ls ihfM+rksa dks uoktk x;k Fkk] dks tkapk vkSj

ik;k %

ÞmijksDr ds izfr J)k j[krs gq, tks dgk x;k gS fd lqJh guwQk [kkrwu dks U;k; ds fy, flfoy dksVZ esa tkuk pkfg, Fkk rFkk ;g ekeyk Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 226 ds vUrZxr nk;j ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg, Fkk ;g Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk tgka ljdkjh dk;Zikyd lac) gksa vkSj tc ekeyk ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa ds guu dk

lafo/kku ds vUrZxr ekSfyd vf/kdkj

lkoZHkkSfed :i ls ?kksf"kr ewy vf/kdkjksa

vkSj dosuSUV~l vkWo bdukWfed] lks'ky

,aM dYpjy jkbV~l ds leku gh gSa vkSj

Hkkjr us budh iqf"V dh gS

fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU; 89

;k yksdfgr drZO;kas ds dkuwu ds ykxw u gksus dk ekeyk 'kkfey gSA cgjgky] tu dkuwu ds rgr lek/kku miyC/k gksA varr% uqdlku dh HkjikbZ ds fy, oS;fDrd dkuwu ds rgr eqdnek nk;j fd;k gh tk ldrk gSAß

dksVZ us rRi'pkr lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 20 ,oa 21 ds

vUrZxr lqfuf'Pkr dkuwuksa lanHkZ fy;k vkSj O;oLFkk nh fd%

Þ^thou* 'kCn 1948 esa lkoZHkkSfed :i ls ?kksf"kr ekuo vf/kdkj esa izeq[k:Ik esa j[kk x;k gS ¼ns[ksa Åij fy[ks vuqPNsn&3½A lafo/kku ds vUrZxr ekSfyd vf/kdkj lkoZHkkSfed :i ls ?kksf"kr ewy vf/kdkjksa vkSj dosuSUV~l vkWo bdukWfed] lks'ky ,aM dYpjy jkbV~l ds leku gh gSa vkSj Hkkjr us budh iqf"V dh gSA ftl izdkj bl U;k;ky; us D;wfcd nk:t cuke Hkkjr la?k ds ekeys esa Li"V fd;k Hkh gSA

tSlk fd ^thou* dks ekuokf/kdkj ?kks"k.kki= esa ewy ekuokf/kdkj ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gS] bl U;k;ky; us vius vyx&vyx fu.kZ;ksa esa ;gh crk;k gSA ;g lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn&21 ds vuqdwy Hkh gSA ^thou* 'kCn dk vFkZ fdlh ek;us esa Hkh lhfer ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA vuqPNsn 21 esa fy[kh x;h Hkk"kk ds vk/kkj ij ;g u dsoy izR;sd ukxfjd ds fy, gS] cfYd mlds fy, Hkh gS tks fd bl ns'k dk ukxfjd ugha gSA vc ge bl dksVZ ds }kjk le;&le; ij ^thou* uked 'kCn ds vFkZ ij fopkj djrs gSaA [kMd flag cuke mRrj izns'k jkT; ekeys esa ;g fuf'Pkr fd;k x;k Fkk fd ^thou* 'kCn dk vFkZ ek= Ik'kq ds vfLrRo ls dqN vf/kd gS ¼egkjk"Vª jkT; cuke pUnzHkku rkys Hkh ns[ksa½A vuqPNsn 21 esa tks O;oLFkk;sa

gSa] os oLrqr% mu reke ekuoh; QSdfYV;ksa rd foLrkfjr gS ftuds ek/;e ls thou dk vkuan fy;k tkrk gSA ca/kqvk eqfDr ekspkZ cuke Hkkjr la?k ekeys esa O;oLFkk nh x;h fd vuqPNsn&21 ds varxZr thou ds vf/kdkj dk vFkZ xfjek] lEeku vkSj 'kks"k.keqDr vfLrRo ls gSA ¼esudk xka/kh cuke Hkkjrh; la?k ,oa cksMZ vkWo VªLVht vkWo iksVZ vkQ ckEcs cuke fnyhidqekj jk?kqosUnz ukFk ukMd.khZ Hkh ns[ks½

bl fla)kUr esa Li"V fd;k x;k gS fd dsoy Hkkjr ds gh ukxfjdksa dks gh ugha cfYd muds thou dh j{kk ds fy, Hkh leku xfjek dh lqfuf'prrk gks tks dsoy Ik;ZVdksa ds :Ik esa ns'k esa vk;s gksrs gSaA mUgs Hkh bl ns'k esa thou dk vf/kdkj izkIr gSA bl izdkj os bl ns'k esa ftruk jguk pkgrs gSa] xfjek ds lkFk jgsaA ftl izdkj jkT; ;gka ds ukxfjsdksa ds thou dh j{kk djus gsrq izfrc) gS] mlh rjg og mu yksxksa dh thou j{kk ds fy, Hkh izfrc) gS tks ;gka ds ukxfjd ugha gSaA

lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj90 vc ;g fd jsyos deZpkfj;ksa }kjk cykRdkj fd;s tkus

ds vijk/k ds fy, D;k dsUnz ljdkj dks nks"kh Bgjk;k

tk ldrk gS\ bl iz'u dk mÙkj udkjkRed :i esa

fn;k x;k dqN ekeyksa esa fn;s x;s fu.kZ;ksa ds vk/kkj ijA

;s gSa& jktLFkku jkT; cuke fo|korh ,vkbZvkj 1962

,llh 933] xqtjkr jkT; cuke eseu egewn gkth glu]

,vkbZvkj] 1967 ,llh 1885] clRok dkse |euxkSMk

ikfVy cuke eSlwj jkT; ¼1997½ 4 ,llhlh 358] ukxsUnz

jko ,aM daiuh cuke vkU/kzizns'k jkT; ¼1994½ 6 ,llhlh

205 vkSj egkjk"Vª jkT; cuke dapuekyk fot; flag

f'kjds ¼1995½5 ,llhlh 659A

28- ,e ,l xzsoky cuke nhi pan lwn ¼2001½8 ,llhlh 151

ekeysa esa bl dksVZ us Ikk;k fd D;k fgekpy izns'k mPp

U;k;ky; us ,d Ldwy }kjk vk;ksftr fidfud eukrs

le; Mwc x;s 14 cPpksa ds eka&cki }kjk nk;j ;kfpdk

dks nkf[ky dj rdZlaxr fu.kZ; fn;k FkkA ;kfpdk dks

vuqefr fn;s tkus laca/kh vkifRr dks [kkfjt djrs gq,

dksVZ us #nqy 'kkg cuke fcgkj jkT; ¼lqizk½] uhykorh

cgsM+k cuke mM+hlk jkT; ¼lqizk½] vkSj Mhds clq cuke

if'pe caxky jkT; ¼1997½],llhlh 416 dk lanHkZ xzg.k

fd;k vkSj Ikk;k fd %

Þeqík lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 226 ds varxZr fjV ;kfpdk dh mPp U;k;ky; esa esaVsusfcfyVh dks ysdj gSA vihydrkZ us vkjaHk esa cgqr gh etcwr rjhds ls dgk fd nkafMd fof/k

fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU; 91

ds rgr ykijokgh okys i{k dks igys gh Mhy dj fy;k x;k gS] fygktk eqvkots ds nkos dh fu;fr dks flfoy dkuwu ds gokys NksM+ fn;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj flfoy dksVZ esa ekeyk tkuk pkfg, Fkk lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 226 ds rgr ;kfpdk nk;j djdsA

;kfpdk dh ukWu&esaVsusfcfyVh dk eqík 'kq: esa mBk;k x;k Fkk ysfdu ckn esa bl ij tksj ugha fn;k x;k] blfy, gesa [kqn dks blh eqn~ns rd lhfer j[kus dh vko';d ugha gSA gkykafd] nLrkostksa ds vk/kkj ij U;k;ky; Lkekt ds fy, gksrs gSa vkSj muds Åij ukxfjdksa dh vis{kkvksa ij [kjk mrjus dh ftEesnkjh gksrh gSA vr% mUgsa fuf'pr :Ik

ls ukxfjdkaas dh t:jrksa dk [k;ky j[kuk pkfg,A bl laca/k esa bl U;k;ky; }kjk fn;s x;s nks fu.kZ;ksa dk lanHkZ xzg.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA uhykorh cgsM+k cuke mM+hlk jkT; ekeys esa ;g U;k;ky; #nqy 'kkg cuke fcgkj jkT; esa vk;s fu.kZ; ij jgk ftlesa eqvkotk nsus esa viuk;h x;h voS/krk vkSj vuqfpr O;ogkj dh fuank dh x;hA vuqPNsn 32 vkSj 226 ds varxZr U;k;ky; dh 'kfDr;ksa dk mi;ksx dj O;oLFkk nh x;h fd ;kfpdkdrkZ ds csVs dh ekSr fgjklr esa gksus ds ,ot esa mls eqvkotk nsus dk ;g Li"V ekeyk curk gSA orZeku lanHkZ esa jkT; dh ck/;rk

dk mYya?ku ugha gS] ;fn jkT; dks la;qDr VkWbZQhtj u ekuk tk,A ij tc ;g ekeyk caf/kr gS vkSj jkT; ij dksbZ nkf;Ro Mkyus ls ijs gS] rc gesa ugha yxrk fd bl ekeys ls rqjar fuiVk tkuk pkfg,] ij bl U;k;ky; ds nks fu.kZ;ksa dk mYys[k vko';d gS tks igys gh fn;s tk pqds gSaA geus vHkh viuk dksbZ er Hkh ugha fn;k gSAß

Ekqvkots dh jkf'k ds iz'u ij dksVZ us fuEufyf[kr fVIi.kh

dha %

Þnq?kZVukvksa esa gq;h ekSrkas ds ekeyksa dk fu.kZ; djrs le; dksVZ ds le{k nLrkostksa ds vk/kkj ij lHkh rF;tud

izek.k vo'; j[ks tkus pkfg, rkfd blls dksVZ dks eqvkots dh jkf'k fu/kkZfjr djus esa vklkuh gks ldsA xf.krh; lw{erk dh vko';drk rks ugha gS ysfdu dksbZ Hkh bl rjg dk QSlyk fcuk rF;tud izek.kkas dh vuqifLFkfr esa ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA [kkldj ogka ij tgka ,d i{k dks eqvkotk fn;k tkuk gSA ogka ij fuf'Pkr :Ik ls rF;tud izek.kksa dk gksuk blhfy, vko';d gSA ;g ,d foy{k.k {kfriwfrZ ugha gS] ysfdu rdZlaxrrk dh vk'kk j[krs gq, eqvkotk izkIr djus dk ekeyk rks gS ghA dukMk dh xzSaM Vªad jsyos daiuh cuke tsfuaXl ekeys esa bls ewy fl)kUr

nq?kZVukvksa esa gq;h ekSrkas ds ekeyksa dk fu.kZ; djrs le; dksVZ ds le{k

nLrkostksa ds vk/kkj ij lHkh rF;tud izek.k vo'; j[ks tkus pkfg, rkfd

blls dksVZ dks eqvkots dh jkf'k fu/kkZfjr djus esa vklkuh gks lds

lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj92ds rkSj ij fuEu:Ik ls Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS %

eqvkots dk vuqeku yxkrs le; lHkh mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij] ftu ij rdZ laxr cgl gq;h] fopkj gksuk pkfg,A ;g dsoy vuqeku ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k dk;Z ;k ek= n;kHkkouk ij vk/kkfjr ÑR; gh gSA

tSlk fd igys gh Åij fn;k x;k gS fd bl dksVZ ds le{k cgqr ls ekeys mu nqHkkZX;iw.kZ cPpksa ds vk;s] ftUgksus viuk thou nq?kZVukvksa esa [kks;k rFkk eqvkots dh jkf'k esa 50 gtkj ls ,d yk[k ds chp dk varj FkkA ge bl ckr ij fo'okl djrs gSa fd U;kf;d mnkgj.kksa dk fuLlansg dqN vkSfpR; gS fof/k ds fl)kar ds lanHkZ esa] ysfdu ^ek=k* dk vkdyu vnkyr esa rF;ksa ij gh fuHkZj gksrk gSA ;gka iqjkuk U;kf;d mnkgj.k ugha py ldrkA izR;sd ekeyk viuh rjg ls fHkUu gksrk gS vkSj mlds rF; Hkh fHkUu gksrs gSa] fygktk eqvkots dk vkdyu fHkUu rF;ksa ds vk/kkj ij gksxkA gkykafd] iqjkuk fu.kZ; ekxZn'kZd dh Hkwfedk vnk dj ldrk gSA izR;sd O;fDr dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr ,d&nwljs ls vyx gksrh gS] blfy, eqvkots dk vuqeku Hkh vyx&vyx gksuk pkfg,A iwjh fLFkfr dk vuqeku ekeys dh rF;tud fLFkfr dks vk/kkj ekudj fd;k tkuk pkfg, u fd xf.krh; lw=ksa ds vk/kkj ijAß

29- bl lanHkZ esa /;ku ,elhMh cuke ,lksfl,'ku vkWo

fofDVEl vkWo migkj VªstMh ,aM vnlZ ¼2005½ 9 ,llhlh

586 dk lanHkZ ysuk Hkh mfpr gSA bl ekeys esa bl

U;k;ky; us ml vihy ij lquokbZ dh tks fnYyh mPp

U;k;ky; ds ml vkns'k ds f[kykQ nk;j dh x;h Fkh

ftlesa migkj flusek nq?kZVuk esa ekjs x;s yksxksa ds ifjokjksa

dks eqvkotk nsus dk funsZ'ku FkkA vkns'k esa funsZ'k fn;k

x;k Fkk fd vihydrkZ rhu djksM+ ,d yk[k 40 gtkj

#i;s tek djk;s vkSj funsZ'k esa ;g Hkh dgk x;k Fkk fd

bl jkf'k dk 50 Qhln fgLlk nkosnkjksa esa ckaVs tkus ds

fy, miyC/k djk;k tk,xkA

30- mijksDr fu.kZ;ksa esa mfYyf[kr dkuwu ds vkyksd esa mPp

U;k;ky; }kjk etnwjksa ds ifjokjksa dks eqvkotk nsus laca/kh

varfje funsZ'kksa dks vihydrkZ }kjk mPp U;k;ky; esa nh

x;h pqukSrh dks [kkfjt fd;s tkus ;ksX; ekuk tkrk gSA

ge eglwl djrs gSa fd mPp U;k;ky; us ps;jeSu jsyos

cksMZ cuke pafnzek nkl ¼lqizk½ ekeys dk laKku fy;k

gksrk vkSj ,slk eqvkotk nsus dk funsZ'k fn;k gksrk ftls

vihydrkZ ;g Hkh lqfuf'pr djs fd

bu fn'kk&funsZ'kksa dk ikyu ds Bsdsnkj

Hkh djsa ftUgsa lhoj flLVe dks Mkyus

vkSj mldk j[kj[ko djus ds fy,

vuqcaf/kr fd;k x;k FkkA rFkk blls

lacaf/kr fjiksVZ Hkh nks eghus ds Hkhrj

mPp U;k;ky; esa tek djk nh tk;A

fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU; 93

;Fkksfpr ekuk tkrkA pwafd jsi ihfM+r ds nq%[kksa ;k os yksx

tks nwljksa dh mis{kk ls viuh tku xokars gSa] muds nq%[kksa

ds chp lekukUrj js[kk ugha [khph tk ldrh] ysfdu

gkbZdksVZ us de ls de ;g uksV dj fy;k gksrk fd bl

U;k;ky; us 1998 esa jsi ihfM+rksa ds fy, 10 yk[k #Ik;s

dk eqvkotk r; fd;k Fkk vkSj tks yksx futh laLFkkuksa

ds }kjk lqj{kk midj.k miyC/k u djk;s tkus ds dkj.k

viuh tku xokars gSa] muds fy, 5 yk[k ds eqvkots dh

jkf'k dh ?kks"k.kk dhA ge 'kk;n mPp U;k;ky; }kjk tkjh

fd;s x;s ml vkns'k dks Hkwy x;s gSa ftlesa c<+k gqvk

eqvkots dks nsus dh ckr dgh x;h FkhA ysfdu bl Hkko

dks dsUnz esa j[kdj fd U;k; esa nsjh ihfM+r ifjokjksa ds

nq%[kksa dks vkSj vf/kd c<k nsxh] ge ;g funsZf'kr djrs gSa

fd lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 142 dh 'kfDr;ksa dks fØ;kfUor

djrs gq, vihydrkZ dks ;g funZs'k fn;k tk; fd og 3-29

yk[k #i;s fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; LVsV yhxy lfoZlst

desVh ds ikl tek djk;s vkSj ;g jkf'k Bsdsnkj }kjk nh

x;h jkf'k 1-71 yk[k ls vyx gksxhA

31- ifj.kker%] vihy bl rF; ij [kkfjt dh tkrh gS fd

Åij fy[ks x;s eqvkots dh /kujkf'k;ka ihfM+rksa dks ns

nh tk;aA ;g dguk fujFkZd gS fd vihydrkZ vfrfjDr

/kujkf'k Bsdsnkjksa ls olwy djsA izfroknh la[;k&,d mPp

U;k;ky; ds le{k mi;qDr vihy nkf[ky djus gsrq l{ke

gS] tks fd ihfM+rksa ds ifjokj okyksa dks nh tkus okyh c<+h

gq;h eqvkots dh jkf'k ls lacaf/kr gSA gesa iwjk fo'okl gS

fd mPp U;k;ky; bl izkFkZuk ij t:j fopkj djsxkA

32- mPp U;k;ky; }kjk 20-82008 dks tkjh fd;s x;s vkns'k

ds fn'kkfunsZ'kksa dks fØ;kUo;u esa gksus okyh nsjh dks nwj

djus ds fy, ge vihydrkZ dks Hkkx ¼,½] ¼ch½] ¼lh½]

¼Mh½] ¼bZ½] ¼,Q½] ¼th½] ¼vkbZ½] ¼ds½] ¼,e½ rFkk ¼,u½ ds

ifjikyu djus ds fy, vkt ls nks eghus dk le; nsrs gSa

rFkk lkFk gh ;g funsZ'k Hkh nsrs gSa fd og mPp U;k;ky;

fjiksVZ is'k djsA vihydrkZ ;g Hkh lqfuf'pr djs fd bu

fn'kk&funsZ'kksa dk ikyu ds Bsdsnkj Hkh djsa ftUgsa lhoj

lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj94flLVe dks Mkyus vkSj mldk j[kj[ko djus ds fy,

vuqcaf/kr fd;k x;k FkkA rFkk blls lacaf/kr fjiksVZ Hkh

nks eghus ds Hkhrj mPp U;k;ky; esa tek djk nh tk;A

blds vykok ge ;g Hkh funsZf'kr djrs gSa fd vihydrkZ

;g Hkh lqfuf'pr djs fd mPp U;k;ky; }kjk lhojksa dh

ns[kjs[k ls lacaf/kr vc rd fn;s x;s fn'kkfunsZ'kkas dk

reke Hkkoh dk;ks± esa ikyu djsa rFkk Bsdsnkjksa ds lkFk

vuqca/k esa bu fn'kk funsZ'kksa rFkk bl ekeys esa vkus okys

vU; fn'kk&funsZ'kksa dks Hkh 'kkfey djsaA

33- fiNys iSjkxzkQ esa fn;s x;s fn'kkfunsZ'k ;g fl)

ugha djrs fd vihydrkZ vkSj nwljs laLFkku tSls

,tsfUl;k@,elhMh@,uMh,elh@Mh,lvkbZMhlh dks

mPp U;k;ky; ds bu fn'kkfunsZ'kksa ds ikyu djus dh

vko';drk ugha gSA cfYd] mUgas Hkh buds vuqikyu dh

fjiksVZ mPp U;k;ky; esa tek djuh gksxhA

34- 20-8-2008 ds vkns'k ds iSjk&9 dh vU; /kkjkvksa ds vuq:i

mPp U;k;ky; mi;qDr funsZ'k ns ldrk gS rkfd mudk

vuqikyu gks vkSj jkT; vkSj mldh laLFkk;sa mu ij

vfoyac fØ;kUo;u djsA

35- ;g ekeyk mPp U;k;ky; dh [kaMihB ds le{k flracj

ds nwljs lIrkg esa vU; vkns'kksa gsrq izLrqr fd;k tk,A

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

[th ,l fla?koh]

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

[v'kksd dqekj xkaxqyh]

u;h fnYyh

12 tqykbZ 2011

95

fnYyh mPp U;k;ky;] ubZ fnYyhfjV ;kfpdk (flfoy) la[;k 5232@2007

uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkiQ lhojst ,aM ,ykbM odZlZ] }kjk gseyrk dkalksfV;k --- oknh

}kjk Jh dkWfyu xksUlkfYol] lhfu;j ,MoksdsV ,oa Jh t;flag ,MoksdsVcuke

fnYyh uxj fuxe ,oa vU; --- izfroknh

}kjk%

Jh vty vjksM+k] ,Moks- fn-u-fu- ds fy;s

Jh lqjs’k f=ikBh] ,Moks- fn-t-cks- ds fy;s

lqJh tqcsnk csxe] ,Moks- ih-MCyw-Mh- ds fy;s

Jh vt; oekZ] ,Moks- Mh-Mh-, ds fy;s

lqJh T;ksfr flag] ,Moks- u-fn-u-ik- ds fy;s

Jh vkj-ukukorh] ,Moks- fnYyh dSUV cksMZ ds fy;s

Jh ;ksxs’k eYgks=k] ,Moks- izfroknh ua-&4 ds fy;s

dksje%ekuuh; eq[; U;k;ewfrZ ekuuh; Mk- U;k;ewfrZ ,l- eqjyh/kj

1- D;k LFkkuh; lekpkji=ksa ds lEikndksa dks

QSlyk ns[kus dh vuqefr nh tk;\

2- lEoknnkrk dks Hkstk tk;sxk ;k ugha\

3- D;k QSlyk MkbZtsLV esa izdkf’kr gksuk pkfg;s\

vuqyXud

96 lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj

vkns’k

20-08-2008

1- ;g tufgr ;kfpdk fnYyh 'kgj esa lhoj dh lQkbZ

djus okys deZpkfj;ksa dh n'kkvksa ls lEcfU/kr gSA ;g

izdV djrh gS fd muds dk;Z dh n’kk ekuoh; xfjek ds

iw.kZr% vlaxr gS vkSj muds LokLF; vkSj lqj{kk ds fy;s

[krjukd gSA lsUVj QkWj ,tqds'ku ,.M dE;qfuds'ku

dh fjiksVZ fjdkMZ ij j[kh xbZ gS] tks fnYyh esa fd;s

x;s losZ ds }kjk bDdBs fd;s x;s vkadM+ksa ds fo’ys"k.k

ds vykok eqnns dks fu;af=r djus ds vYidkfyd ,oa

nh?kZdkfyd mik;ksa ds lq>ko nsrh gSA izohu jk"Vªiky

cuke eq[; vf/kdkjh] dknh E;qfuflikfyVh

¼,l-lh-,- la[;k 8989@2001 ,oa 11706@2004½ esa

xqtjkr mPp U;k;ky; ds 15 Qjojh 2006 ds vkns’k ij

Hkh çfr"Bk j[kh tkrh gS] ftlesa funsZ’kksa dh ,d Ja`[kyk

tkjh dh xbZ gSA

2- tufgr ;kfpdk dh izFke lquokbZ ij bl U;k;ky; dh

[k.MihB us fu;e nsrs le; fuEu funsZ’k tkjh fd;s%

^ckj ij fd;s x;s izfrosnuksa ij /;kuiwoZd fopkj djus ds mijkar gekjk er ;g gS fd tufgr esa bl U;k;ky; ds gLr{ksi ds i{k esa fo"k; curk gSA gekjk er ;g Hkh gS fd orZeku O;oLFkk ds ewY;kadu dh fdlh Hkh izfØ;k] blesa lq/kkj dh O;kogkfjdrk dks izsf{kr fd;s tkus dh vko’;drk gSA gekjs fopkj ls ;g vkSj Hkh vf/kd izHkkoh

rjhds ls fd;k tk ldrk gS ;fn lEcfU/kr ,tsfUl;ksa dks igys ,d nwljs ls okrkZyki djus rFkk miyC/k fodYiksa ds ewY;kadu dk volj miyC/k gksA ;g izfØ;k bl U;k;ky; ds }kjk fu;qDr lfefr ;k LFkkuh; dfe'uj ds le{k dk;kZfUor dh tk ldrh gS tSlk fd tufgr ls lacaf/kr cgqr ls ekeyksa esa fd;k x;k gSA fdUrq ykxr dh cpr vkSj izfØ;k dks izHkkoh rFkk rhoz cukus ds fy;s ge vius ekuuh; U;k;k?kh’k HkkbZ;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d dks U;k;ky; ds dk;Z le; ds mijkar dqN le; leL;k ds loZekU; O;kogkfjd funku dk mik; <wa<+us ds fy, vuqnkfur djus dk fuosnu djsaxsA ;fn ,slk gksrk gS rks fo"k;] izLrkfor mik; esa ,sls la’kks/ku tSlk fd U;k;ky; mfpr o mi;qDr le>sa] ds vuq:i] vkns’k o fuLrkj.k ds fy;s U;k;ky; ds le{k lwphc) fd;k tk ldrk gSA

ge rnuqlkj ekuuh; U;k;k/kh'k Mk- tfLVl ,l- eqjyh/kj] bl U;k;ky; ds ,d U;k;k/kh'k] ls vuqjks/k djrs gSa fd oks U;k;ky; ds le; ds mijkar vius cgqewY; le; ls dqN le;] bl leL;k dk O;kogkfjd lek/kku lHkh lacaf/kr rFkk bl {ks= ds fo'ks"kKksa ¼;fn dksbZ gS½ ls ijke'kZ djds fudkyus dk ç;kl djus ds fy, vuqnku nsaA lHkh i{k Mk- ,l- eqjyh/kj ts- ds le{k 'kfuokj 18 vxLr 2007 dks 11-00 cts muds d{k esa mifLFkr jgsaA

3- blds i’pkr~ Mk0 eqjyh/kj] tt }kjk 18 vxLr 2007]

22 flrEcj 2007 vkSj 1 fnlEcj 2007 dks i;kZIr :i

ls foLr`r ,oa l?ku lquokbZ;ka dh xbZaA ;|fi oknh }kjk

vuqyXud 97ij Bsds ds Jfed Hkh fu;qDr fd;s tkrs gSaA ;g Hkh ik;k

x;k fd ;|fi fnYyh ty cksMZ ¼fn-t-cks-½ }kjk uoEcj

2002 esa lqj{kk ds fn’kk&funsZ’k tkjh fd;s x;s gSa] ftudk

mYya?ku gksrk gqvk ik;k tk jgk gS vkSj fn-t-cks- vius

Lo;a ds lqj{kk fn’kk&funsZ’kksa dks dk;kZfUor djus ds ckjs

esa xEHkhj ugha gSA ;g Hkh ik;k x;k fd tgka rd fn-

t-cks- dk lEcU/k gS] o"kZ 2002 ls lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dh

dqy 36 ekSrsa gks pqdh gSa] ftuesa ls 30 Bsds ds deZpkjh

Fks vkSj 6 fu;fer deZpkjh FksA ;g Hkh ik;k x;k fd

ckj&ckj funsZ’k fn;s tkus ds ckotwn] fn-t-cks- lhoj

deZpkfj;ksa dh ekSrkssa vkSj pksVksa ds ckjs esa tkWp dj

ikus esa vlQy jgk gSA ;g ik;k x;k fd ekeys ds

dbZ igyw ,sls gSa ftuij vfxze izs{k.k dh vko';drk

gksxh rkfd lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dh dk;Z n’kkvksa ds ckjs esa

okLrfod :i ls cnyko yk;s tk ldsaA fo’ks"kr% fn-t-cks

vkSj lh-,y-vkj-,- ds v/khu Bsdsnkjksa dh ftEesnkfj;ka

vkSj deZpkjh {kfriwfrZ vf/kfu;e ¼o"kZ 2002 esa la’kksf/kr

vuqlkj½ ds v/khu {kfriwfrZ nsus ds fy;s muds nkf;Roksa

dk ijh{k.k djuk gksxkA ;gka rd fd tc mipkj ekudksa

dh dk;Z;ksX; ;kstuk cukbZ gqbZ gS] lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dks

ekSrksa vkSj fn-t-cks- vksj mlds Bsdsnkjksa dh o"kZ 2002

ds fn’kk&funsZ’kksa dk ikyu djus esa vlQyrk ds dkj.k

vo’; [kksts tkus pkfg;s] ftlds fy;s fn-t-cks- dks iw.kZ

xEHkhjrk ls U;k;ky; dks fn;s x;s vius opuksaa dks

fuHkkuk gksxkA

cgqr ls eqn~ns izdk’k esa yk;s x;s gS] fuEu eqn~ns gSa tks

ojh;rk ds vk/kkj ij fopkfjr fd;s x, gSa % ¼d½ lhoj

deZpkfj;ksa dh ekSrsa ¼[k½ muds LokLF; o lqj{kk ¼x½

lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dh ekSrksa vkSj pksVksaa dh nq?kZVukvksa dks

iqu% gksus ls jksdus o mudh dk;Z&n’kkvksa dks lq/kkjus

ds fy;s dne ¼?k½ mudh fu;qfDr ds nkSjku deZpkfj;ksa

dh ekSrksa ds fy;s {kfriwfrZ] ;fn dksbZ nh xbZ gks rks] vkSj

¼³½ eSuqvy odZ dks izfØ;koká djuss vkSj bls ;kaf=d

lhoj lQkbZ esa cnyus ds fy;s mBk;s tkus okys dneA

vkns’k fnukafdr 5 viSzy 2008] tks fd ,d fjiksVZ ds :i

esa gS] ds }kjk fnYyh ty cksMZ ds 'kiFki= fnukafdr 4

vizSy 2008 ds lanHkZ ls leL;k ds ifjek.k dk o.kZu

fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa ;g mYysf[kr gS fd ^^jk"Vªh;

jkt/kkuh dh volajpuk 6150 fdeh- yEcs lhojra= dks

lekfgr djrh gSA blesa ls 150 fdeh- Vªad lhoj dh

yEckbZ gS] 1500 fdeh- cká lhoj dh yEckbZ gS vkSj

4500 fdeh- vkUrfjd lhoj dh yEckbZ gSA ;g lhoj

usVodZ dqy 512-4 ,e-th-Mh- dh la;qDr {kerk okys 17

lhost VªhVeaV IykUVksa ls tqM+k gqvk gSA blds vfrfjDr]

tgka Hkh vko’;d gS lhost ds lapw"k.k ds fy;s fofHkUu

LFkkuksa ij 33 cM+s lhost ifEiax LVs’ku gSaA** ;g ik;k

x;k fd bl le; 4171 Lohd`r inksa ds fo:) 3923

LFkk;h deZpkjh fu;qDr gSaA blds vykok 1403 eLVj

jksy deZpkjh gSaA bu deZpkfj;ksa ds vykok] le;&le;

98 lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj

4- rnqijkar fo"k; [k.MihB ds le{k j[kk x;k vkSj vkns’k

fnukafdr 11 vizSy 2008 }kjk U;k;ky; us fn-t-cks- vkSj

u-fn-u-ik- dks okafNr lwpuk,a nsrs gq, ,d fLFkfr fjiskVZ

nsus dks dgk ftlesa ;g crk;k x;k gks ¼d½ o"kZ 2002 ls

gqbZ ekSrksa dh la[;k ¼[k½ ,slh ekSrksa ds ekeyksa esa foHkkxksa

}kjk fdlh Lrj ij dh xbZ dksbZ tkWpsa@[kkstsa ¼x½ ;fn

tkWp dh xbZ rks Bsdsnkj] ftlus e`rd deZpkfj;ksa dks

fu;qDr fd;k] ds fo:) ;k fdlh vU; LFkkuh; vf/kdkjh]

ftlds v/khu Bsdsnkj fu;qDr fd;k x;k] ds fo:) dh

xbZ dksbZ dk;Zokgh ¼?k½ ;fn lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dh dk;Z

n’kk ds csgrjh ds fy;s dksbZ izLrko gks] ;fn ,slk gks rks

os izLrko D;k Fks vkSj bl lEcU/k esa dh xbZ laLrqfr;ksa]

;fn dksbZ gksa rks] dks dk;kZfUor djus ds fy;s LFkkuh;

vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk D;k dne mBk;s x;s gSaa ¼³½ ;fn dksbZ

Hkh izLrko ugha Fkk rks D;k LFkkuh; vf/kdkjh fn’kk&funsZ’k

cukus vkSj Hkfo"; esa ,slh ekSrksa dks jksdus ds fy;s lqj{kk

ekudksa ds bPNqd gSa vkSj lQkbZ dk;Z ds fy, fu;qDr

deZpkfj;ksa dh csgrj dk;ZfLFkfr ds bPNqd gSa ¼p½ D;k

e`rd deZpkjh ds ifjokj ds lnL;ksa vkSj tks deZpkjh

dk;Z djus ds nkSjku fodyakxrk ds f’kdkj gq, muds fy;s

{kfriwfrZ ds Hkqxrku dk dksbZ izko/kku gSA ;fn gS rks og

;kstuk D;k gS vkSj D;k blds v/khu dksbZ Hkqxrku fd;k

x;k gSA

5- mijksDr vkns’k ds vuqlj.k esa] u-fn-u-ik- us fnukad 8 ebZ

2008 dks 'kiFki= nkf[ky fd;k] ftlesa ;g dgk x;k gS

fd u-fn-u-ik- }kjk ykijokgh@lqj{kk ekud u viuk;s

tkus ds dkj.k mlds fdlh deZpkjh ;k mlds Bsdsnkj ds

fdlh Jfed dh o"kZ 2002 ls lhoj ykbZuksa@esugksyksa dh

lQkbZ ds nkSjku ekSr ugha gqbZ gSA gkykafd ;g Lohdkj

fd;k x;k gS fd lhoj ykbZu ls tgjhyh xSl ds lkal

esa pys tkus ds dkj.k 7 fnlEcj 2003 dks u-fn-u-ik- ds

Bsdsnkj ds v/khu dk;Zjr 3 deZpkfj;ksa dh ekSr gqbZA ;g

dgk x;k gS fd mijksDr of.kZr rhu O;fDr;ksa us LFky ds

izHkkjh bathfu;j ls fcuk dksbZ vuqefr@Lohd`fr ds vkSj

lhoj ykbZu esa izos’k djus ls iwoZ fcuk fdlh vko';d

lqj{kk lko/kkuh@ekudksa] ds eSugksy esa izos’k fd;k FkkA

vkSj vkxs ;g Hkh dgk x;k gS fd D;ksafd ;g nq?kZVuk

dk ekeyk Fkk] u fd ykijokgh dk] rks dksbZ tkap ugha

dh xbZA u-fn-u-ik- ds vuqlkj lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dh

dk;ZfLFkfr esa lq/kkj ds fy, xqatkb'k gS vkSj bl fn'kk esa

u-fn-u-ik- }kjk fuEufyf[kr dne mBk;s x;s gSa%&

1- ;FkklaHko lhojykbZu@eSugksy dh lQkbZ e’khuksa ls dh tkrh gSA euq"; dk izos’k mu nqyZHkre ekeyksa rd lhfer fd;k tk jgk gS tgka e’khuh lQkbZ lEHko ugha gSaA

2- mu fLFkfr;ksa esa tgka ekuoh; lQkbZ dh tkrh gS] ;g lqfuf’pr fd;k tkrk gS fd lHkh lqj{kk midj.k

vuqyXud 99iz;ksx fd;s tk;s vkSj lHkh lko/kkfu;ka cjrh tk;saA lhoj lQkbZ djus okys O;fDr;ksa dks xgjs esugksyksa esa ,d le; ij 5&10 feuV ls T;knk le; rd vUnj jgus dh vuqefr ugha nh tkrh gSA lEcfU/kr dfu"B vfHk;Urk@lgk;d vfHk;Urk lEiw.kZ lQkbZ lapkyu vof/k ds nkSjku ekSds ij gkftj jgrs gSaaA

3- lHkh lqj{kk midj.k tSls lkal ysus ds midj.k] iw.kZ eqag <dus dk lqj{kk vkoj.k] lqj{kk isVh] VkpZ] lqj{kk p’esa] lqj{kk gSyeSV] lqj{kk isVh] xe twrs] Mqcdh yxkus okys diM+s] ,;j Cyksvj vkSj ,Dt+kLV vkfn dk O;kid :i ls iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

4- lHkh deZpkfj;ksa dks LokLF; ijh{k.k] mipkj ,oa gLirkyksa vkfn ds fy, eq¶r fpfdRlk lqfo/kk,a jkt/kkuh ds mRd`"V gLirkyksa esa miyC/k djokbZ tkrh gSA lHkh ,sls gLirkyksa dh lwph bl izdkj ls gS%&

¼1½ eSDl ckykth gLirky] bUnzizLFk

¼2½ ---- ----- ------- --------

¼3½ ---- ----- ------- --------

¼4½ ---- ----- ------- --------

26 pjd ikfydk gLirky] eksrhckx

5- lHkh lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dk jk"Vªh; chek dEiuh fy- ls çfr deZpkjh 1 yk[k #i;s dk chek djk;k tkrk gS] ftlds fy;s fizfe;e u-fn-u-ik- }kjk fn;k tkrk gSA

;g tujy chek ;kstuk ds vykok gksrk gS] tks dsUnz ljdkj ds fu;ekuqlkj lHkh ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa ds fy;s ykxw gksrk gSA

6- lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dks miyC/krk@ofj"Brk ds vuqlkj vkokl fn;k tkrk gSA izR;sd lsok dsUnz ij Jfed vkjke?kj eqgS;k djok;s x;s gSaA muds ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dh f’k{kk ds fy;s cgqr ls u-fn-u-ik- fo|ky; u-fn-u-ik- {ks= esa py jgs gSaA

7- LVksj@lfoZl lSUVj ij ihus ds ikuh] ugkus vksj diM+s /kksus dh lqfo/kk eqgS;k djokbZ tkrh gSA vius deZpkfj;ksa ds fy;s u-fn-u-ik- }kjk euksjatu Dyc eqgS;k djok;s x;s gSaaA

8- Lo;a foHkkx }kjk deZpkfj;ksa dks midj.k vkSj vU; lqj{kk midj.k ds iz;ksx dk izf’k{k.k fn;k tkrk gSA vU; ,tsfUl;ksa ls izf’k{k.k ds dk;ZØe Hkh rS;kj fd;s tk jgs gSaA

6- fn-t-cks- us fLFkfr fjiskVZ fnuakfdr 7 tqykbZ 2008 nkf[ky

dh gS ftlesa ;g Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS fd o"kZ 2002 ls

ekSrksa dh la[;k 36 gS vkSj mlesa ls N% deZpkjh fn-t-

cks- }kjk fu;qDr Fks vkSj 30 deZpkjh Bsds ds FksA vf/kdrj

dslksa esa ekSr ds dkj.k ugha fn;s x;s gSA ,sls dslksa esa]

ftuesa dkj.k crk;s x;s gSa] ekSr dk dkj.k lqj{kk midj.kksa

dh deh ;k ykijokgh gh cryk;k x;k gSA ,sls fdlh

Hkh dsl esa dksbZ vuq’kklukRed dk;Zokgh ugha dh xbZ gS

vkSj lk/kkj.k lh psrkouh] tks fd vf/kdre dslksa esa tkjh

100 lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj

dh xbZ gS] ds vykok lEcfU/kr vf/kdkjh ;k Bsdsnkj] tks

deZpkfj;ksa dh lqj{kk ds fy;s ftEesnkj gSa] ds fo:) dksbZ

dk;Zokgh ugha dh xbZ gSA vkSj fLFkfr fjiskVZ esa ;g Hkh

dgk x;k gS fd fn-t-cks- us vc lqj{kk vkSj foifRr izcU/ku

izdks"B xfBr fd;s gSa tks lhoj deZpkfj;ksa ls lEcfU/kr

fcUnqvksa ij ns[kHkky djsaxsaA lHkh lEcfU/kr O;fDr;ksaa dks

nks"kh QeZ dks gVkus@CySd fyLV djus ds fn-t-cks- ds

vf/kdkj lqjf{kr djus ds fy;s vuqcU/k djkj esa ,d [k.M

tksM+us ds fy;s fgnk;rsa tkjh dh tk pqdh gSaaA vkxs fjiksVZ

;g dgrh gS fd dk;ZfLFkfr;kas dks csgrj djus ds fy;s

fuEufyf[kr vuqeksnu fd;s x;s gSa%&

d- lqj{kk tkx:drk dk;ZØe

[k- lhoj deZpkfj;ksa ds fy;s D;k djsa vkSj D;k u djsa dk izlkjA

x- lqj{kk midj.kksa ds viukus vkSj cuk;s j[kus ds fy;s funsZ’kA

?k- ifjlhfer LFkku esa izos’k ,oa cpko ds fy;s nl izf’k{kdksa dks çf'k{k.k fn;k x;k gSA

³ lqj{kk ,oa foifRr izcU/ku gsrq ijke’kZ lsok;sa eqgS;k djkus ds fy;s jk"Vªh; foifRr izcU/ku ls le>kSrk fd;k x;k gSA

fn-t-cksMZ ds vuqlkj 'kkfjfjd :i ls lQkbZ O;oLFkk

dks ;kaf=d lQkbZ O;oLFkk esa ifjofrZr djus ds fy;s

fuEufyf[kr dne mBk;s x;s gSa%&

ßd- fn-t-cks- us 5 QqV ls vf/kd xgjh lhoj ykbZu dks lkQ djus ds fy;s 'kkfjfjd Je dk iz;ksx djuk can dj fn;k gSA blus vfrfjDr tSfVax e’khusa miyC/k djkbZ gSaA

[k- cM+s Vªad@cká lhojksa dks vfrlapw"kd e’khuksa }kjk 'kksf/kr fd;k tkrk gSA gkykafd vkikr fLFkfr esa] mfpr lqj{kk midj.kksa ds lkFk vkSj dfu"B vfHk;ark dh mifLFkfr esa xgjs lhoj esa izos’k dh vuqefr nh tkrh gSAÞ

7- fn-t-cks- ds vuqlkj bUgksaus vko’;d midj.k Hkh

miyC/k djk;s gSaSA fQj ;g Hkh dgk x;k gS fd fn-

t-cks- ds ikl deZpkfj;ksa dh ns[kHkky ds fy;s fn-t-

cks- ls tqM+s 11 fMLisUlfj;ka] 25 izkbZosV gLirky vkSj

37 Mk;XuksfLV lSUVj gSaA buds ikl Hkqxrku okilh

ds fy, ,d fodsUnzh;d`r izcU/k gS tc lk/kkj.k

vf/kdkfjdrk ds ijs vkikr fLFkfr esa jkgr nh tkus dh

vko';drk gksrh gSA deZpkfj;ksaa ds fy;s izFke fpfdRlk

isfV;ka miyC/k gSa vkSj Bsdsnkj Bsdsnkjh djkj ds izko/kkuksa

ds vuqlkj fpfdRlk lqfo/kk;sa eqgS;k djokus ds fy;s ck/;

gSa vkSj fe;knh LokLF; ijh{k.k Hkh fd;s tk jgs gSaA ;g

dgk x;k gS fd vkn’kZ fu;e vkSj lqj{kk uhfr] tks ykxw

gSa] lkojksa dh lQkbZ djus okys deZpkfj;ksa ds fy;s dM+kbZ

ls dk;kZfUor fd;s tk;saxsaA fn-t-cks- us lqj{kk ,oa vkink

izca/ku gsrq ijke'kZ lqfo/kk,a iznku djus rFkk vkikrdkyhu

rS;kjh ,oa izfrfØ;k nyksa dh LFkkiuk ds fy,] jk"Vªh;

vuqyXud 101vkink izca/ku laLFkku ds lg;ksx ls o"kZ 2007&08 ds fy,

vk/kkjHkwr lqj{kk tkx:drk dk izca/k fd;k gSA jk"Vªh;

ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx }kjk tkjh fn’kk&funsZ’kksa dk fn-t-

cks- }kjk ikyu fd;k tk jgk gSA {kfriwfrZ ds fcUnq ij]

fn-t-cks- us dgk gS fd ;fn fdlh deZpkjh dh e`R;q gks

tkrh gS] rks tgka rd lEHko gksrk gS n;k ds vk/kkj ij

fu;qfDr;ka nh tkrh gSaA ?kk;y deZpkfj;ksa dks yh xbZ chek

ikfyfl;ksa ds vuqlkj {kfriwfrZ nh tkrh gSA ,slh fLFkfr

esa tgka Bsdasnkj }kjk vuqcfU/kr deZpkjh dh e`R;q gskrh

gS rks deZpkjh {kfriwfrZ vf/kfu;e {kfriwfrZ ds Hkqxrku ds

fy;s izko/kku djrk gSA ;|fi fn-t-cks- us Bsdsnkjksa ds

fy;s Bsds ij dk;Zjr deZpkfj;ksa ds uke eqgS;k djokuk

Lohdkj fd;k gS] fQj Hkh Bsdsnkjksa vkSj muds v/khu

dk;Zjr deZpkfj;ksa ls lacaf/kr izklafxd fooj.k miyC/k

ugha djok;s x;s gSaA

8- fnukad 22 tqykbZ 2008 dks oknh dh vksj ls nkf[ky fd;s

x;s fyf[kr izfrys[k esa] ;g fjdkMZ ij yk;k x;k gS

fd u-fn-u-ik- }kjk fu;qDr fd;s x;s Bsdsnkj ds fy,

dk;Zjr ,d deZpkjh vfer dh e`R;q fnukad 20 tqykbZ

dks u’khyh xSl lkal ds lkFk vUnj pyh tkus ds dkj.k

gqbZA ;g dfFkr gS fd vfer ,d vU; fngkM+h deZpkjh

jktiky ds lkFk Fkk] tks xSlksa ds lkal ds lkFk vUnj

pys tkus ds dkj.k vpsr gks x;k vkSj lhoj ls fudky

fy;k x;kA gkykafd jktiky dh tku cp xbZ gSA vkSj

oknh ds vuqlkj fnukad 5 ebZ 2008 dks fn-t-cks- }kjk

fu;qDr fd;s x;s Bsdsnkjksa ds v/khu Bsdsjr dk;Zjr nks

deZpkfj;ksa dh e`R;q lhoj esa xSlksa ds lkal ds lkFk vUnj

pys tkus ds dkj.k gqbZA muds uke fpUVw vkSj fiUVw

¼iIiw@glu vgen½ gSaA os MkcM+h fLFkr ,d lhoj ykbZu

esa dk;Zjr FksA

9- lacaf/kr ,stsfUl;ksa }kjk nh xbZ fofHkUu fjiksVksZ vkSj ckj ij

fn;s x, çfrosnuksa ij fopkjksijkUr ge bl fjV ;kfpdk

dk vfUre fuLrkj.k yfEcr j[krs gq, fuEufyf[kr

vUrfje vkns'k ikfjr djrs gSaA

¼d½ lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dks fcuk fdlh 'kqYd ds fpfdRlk

ijh{k.k vkSj bZykt eqgS;k djk;s tk,axs vkSj ,sls lHkh

deZpkjh tks fdlh O;olk; tfur O;kf/k] dqy{k.k ;k

nq?kZVuk ls xzflr ik;s x;s gSa dk bykt deZpkjh ds

jksxeqDr gks tkus ;k e`R;q rd fu%'kqYd tkjh jgsxkA

¼[k½ lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dh lsok,W izfrokfn;ks ;k muds }kjk

fu;qDr fd;s x, Bsdsnkjksa }kjk chekjh dh vof/k ds

nkSjku lekIr ugha dh tkuh gS vkSj mUgsa lsokjr gh

ekuk tk;sxk vkSj mUgsa mudk osru fn;k tk,xkA

¼x½ izfrokfn;ksa }kjk O;olk; tfur O;kf/k] -dqy{k.k

;k nq?kZVuk ls ihfM+r lHkh deZpkfj;ksa dks deZpkjh

{kfriwfrZ vf/kfu;e 1923 ds izko/kkuksa ds vuq:i

{kfriwfrZ nh tk;sxh vkSj bldk Bsdsnkjksa ls olwyh dh

tk;sxh ;fn og fof/kekU; gksA

102 lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj

¼?k½ fdlh deZpkjh] Bsds ij dk;Zjr~ deZpkjh lfgr] dh

e`R;q gks tkus ij izfroknh vius rqjUr mls ,d yk[k

:i;s dk ,Dlxzsfl;k eqvkotk iznku djsasxs ftldh

olwyh Bsdsnkj ls gksxh] ;fn fof/kekU; gS rksA

¼³½ izfroknh lHkh lhoj deZpkfj;ksa] Bsds ij dk;Zjr~

deZpkfj;ksa lfgr dks lHkh dkuwuu ns; jkf’k;ksa] tSls

fd Hkfo"; fuf/k] xszpq,Vh vkSj cksul] ;fn dkuwuu

ekU; gks rks] dk Hkqxrku djsaxsA

¼p½ izfroknh oknh laLFkku ds ijke’kZ ls lHkh lhoj

deZpkfj;ksa dks tYn ls tYn lHkh lEHko vk/kqfud

lqj{kk midj.k eqgS;k djk,axsA

¼N½ izfroknh orZeku dksVk ds vuqlkj lHkh deZpkfj;ksa dks

lkcqu o rsy eqgS;k djk,axs] ysfdu ekfld vk/kkj

ij] u fd o"kZ ds vUr esaA

¼t½ izfroknh fn-t-cks- ds vkn’kZ fu;eksa ds vuqlkj izkFkfed

fpfdRlk lqfo/kkvksa] lqjf{kr is; ty] /kqykbZ lqfo/kk,a]

'kkSpky; ,oa ew=ky;] f'k'kqikyu x`g vkSj dSUVhu]

tSlk fd vkn'kZ fu;eksa esa mfYyf[kr gS] lfgr vkjke

?kj o dSUVhu miyC/k djok;saxsA ;s ßLVksjÞ ds uke

ls tkuh okyh ml txg tks fd og LFkku gS tgka

deZpkjh vius mifLFkfr nsus ds fy, ,d= gksrs gSa

vkSj tgka ls os vius lEcU/k dk;ZLFky ds fy, jokuk

gksrs gSa] ij miyC/k djk;h tkuh gSaA

¼>½ izfroknh lh-ih-MCyq-Mh@ih-MCyq-Mh-¼Mh-,-½@

fnYyh ty cksMZ Bsdsnkjh Jfed fu;ekoyh ¼la{ksi

eas ^^Jfed fu;ekoyhÞ½ ds [k.M 8 ds vuqlkj

Bsdsjr~ deZpkfj;ksa lfgr] dks ,d mifLFkfr

dkMZ&de&osru Lyhi eqgS;k djk,axsA

¼´½ izfroknh Jfed fu;ekoyh ds [k.M 9 ds vuqlkj

lHkh deZpkfj;ksa dks fu;qfDr dkMZ eqgS;k djk,axs vkSj

lsok lekfIr ij Bsdsjr~ deZpkfj;ksa o vU; dks lsok

izek.k i= eqgS;k djk,axs tSlk fd Jfed fu;ekoyh

ds [k.M 10 esa mfYyf[kr gSA

¼V½ izfroknh Jfed fu;ekoyh ds [k.M 5 ds vuqlkj

Bsdsjr~ deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, osru Hkqxrku ds jftLVj

dks gLrk{kfjr djds izekf.kr djsaxsA

¼B½ izfroknh lhoj ls lacaf/kr dk;kZs ds fy, fu;qDr fd;s

x, Bsdsjr~ deZpkfj;ksa vkSj Bsdsnkjksa dh iw.kZ lwph]

,sls deZpkfj;ksa dks fn;s tkus okys osru vkfn vkSj

deZpkfj;ksa dh lsok;kstu ds o"kksZ dh la[;k lfgr]

vkt ls 4 lIrkg ds vUnj bl U;k;ky; o oknh dks

tek djk,axsA

¼M½ fn-t-cks- dks ;g lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, funsZf’kr

fd;k tkrk gS fd lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dh e`R;q ds ekeys

esa ,Dl xzsfl;k Hkqxrku] e`r deZpkjh ds ifjokjksa dks

dj fn;k x;k gS vkSj ;fn ;g eqvkotk ugha fn;k

vuqyXud 103x;k gS] rks bls 8 lIrkg dh vof/k ds Hkhrj ns fn;k

tk,A

¼<½ u-fn-u-ik- dks 7 fnlEcj] 2003 dks gqbZ nq?kZVuk]

ftlesa u-fn-u-ik- ds Bsdsnkjksa ds v/khu dk;Zjr~ 3

deZpkfj;ksa dh e`R;q gqbZ Fkh] ds laca/k esa 1 yk[k :i;s

dh jkf’k izfr O;fDr vnk djus ds fy, funZsf’kr fd;k

tkrk gSA ftls og Bsdsnkj ls olwy djus ds fy,

LorU= gS] ;fn dkuwuu ekU; gks rksA

¼.k½ fn-t-cks- o u-fn-u-ik- dks oknh ds fyf[kr izfrosnu ds

en 15 o 16 fnukafdr 22 tqykbZ] 2008 esa mfYyf[kr

lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dh e`R;q ds laca/k esa ,d tkap xfBr

djus vkSj 8 lIrkg ds Hkhrj ml tkap dh fjiksVZ

bl U;k;ky; es nkf[ky djus ds fy, funZsf’kr fd;k

tkrk gSA ;fn ;g ik;k tkrk gS fd lacaf/kr Bsdsjr~

deZpkjh u-fn-u-ik-@fn-t-cks- }kjk fu;qDr Bsdsnkjksa

ds v/khu dk;Zjr~ Fks] rks ihfM+rksa ds ifjokjksa dks

rqjUr 1 yk[k #i;s dh ,Dl xzsf'k;k eqvkotk jkf’k]

rqjUr vnk dh tk;sxh] ftldh Bsdsnkjksa ls dkuwu ds

vuqlkj] olwyh dk vf/kdkj lqjf{kr gSA

¼r½ izfroknh jk-jk-{ks- ds mu {ks=ksa ¼1½ tgkW dksbZ lhoj

lqfo/kk miyC/k ugha gS ¼2½ tgkW ladjh xfy;kW ;k

vU; dkj.kksa ls vk/kqfud e’khujh ugha tk ldrh

¼3½ vk/kqfud e’khujh }kjk fd;s tk jgs dk;Z{ks=

vkSj ¼4½ tfVy {ks= tgka le;&le; ij e`R;q]

nq?kZVuk,W vkSj Cykdst vkfn gksrs jgrs gSa] dks izdV

djrs gq, mldk uD’kk tek djk,axsA ,slk vkt ls

3 ekg ds vUnj fd;k tkuk gksxkA

¼Fk½ vUr esa] izfrokfn;ksa dks ekuoh; mi;ksx dks

izfØ;koká djus rFkk bls ;kaf=d lhoj lQkbZ esa

cnyus tSlk fd fnYyh ty cksMZ ,oa u-fn-u-ik-

}kjk ifjdfYir gS] ls lEcf?kr izLrko rFkk j.kuhfr

dks fjdkMZ ij ykus dk funsZ'k fn;k tkrk gS] ftls

fd 3 ekg ds Hkhrj dj fy;k tk;sxkA

10- mijksDr funsZ’kksa dk ikyu lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, ge

fuEufyf[kr dks lfEefyr djrs gq, ,d lfefr dk xBu

djrs gSaa%&

¼d½ Jh ,l-vkj- 'kadj.k] vkbZ-,-,l-] f=iqjk ljdkj ds

eq[; lfpo ¼lsokfuo`r½ v/;{k(

¼[k½ u-fn-u-ik-] Mh-Mh-,- vkSj fn-t-cks-] }kjk ukekafdr

,d&,d vf/kdkjh] tks Hkkjr ljdkj ds voj&lfpo

ds in ls de ugha gksxkA

¼x½ jk-jk-{ks- fnYyh ljdkj ds lekt dY;k.k foHkkx

la;qDr lfpo tks fd ml foHkkx ds lfpo }kjk

ukekafdr fd;s tk;saxs] tks lfefr ds la;kstd gksaxsA

¼?k½ oknh ds laLFkku ls ,d izfrfuf/kA

11- mijksDr of.kZr lfefr dh cSBd 15 fnu esa ,d ckj

gksxhA LFkku] vU; <k¡pkxr lqfo/kk,a] okgu lqfo/kk vkSj

104 lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj

lfpoky;h; LVkQ] tSlk fd lfefr dks vko';d gks]~

lfgr fnYyh ty cksMZ }kjk eqgS;k djok, tk,axsA lfefr

ds v/;{k dks izR;sd cSBd ds fy, :i;s 5]000@&

ekuns; fn;k tk,xkA lacaf/kr ukxfjd ,stsfUl;ksa }kjk

lfefr dks lHkh laHko lg;ksx fn;k tk,xkA lfefr] ;fn

vko’;d gks rks] funsZ’k ds fy, bl U;k;ky; ls lEidZ

djus ds fy, LorU= gksxhA lfefr dks vxyh lquokbZ

dh frfFk ls iwoZ bl U;k;ky; ds le{k ,d fjiksVZ izLrqr

djus ds fy, vuqjks/k fd;k tkrk gSA

12- ;g dsl vxyh lquokbZ ds fy, fnukad 22 vDrwcj]

2008 ds fy, r; fd;k tkrk gSA

13- bl vkns’k dh izfr lHkh i{kksa ds vf/koDrkvksa dks nLrh

nh tk,A bldh ,d ,d izfr desVh ds v/;{k] u-fn-u-

ik- ds v/;{k] fn-fo-izk- ds mik/;{k] fn-t-cks- ds lh-bZ-

vks- vkSj jk"Vªh; jkt/kkuh {ks= fnYyh ljdkj ds lekt

dY;k.k foHkkx ds lfpo dks vuqikyu ds fy, vkt ls

5 fnu ds vUnj vUnj Hksth tk,A

gLrk-

,-ih- 'kkg

eq[; U;k;k/kh’k

gLrk-

,l- eqjyh/kj

U;k;k/kh’k

uksV % Jh ,lvkj 'kadju] vkbZ,,l ¼lsokfuo`r½ dh

vLoLFkrk ds dkj.k muds LFkku ij Jh y{eh/kj feJ]

vkbZ,,l ¼lsokfuo`r½ dks 3 flracj 2008 ds 'kklukns'k ds

tfj, lfefr dk v/;{k fu;qDr fd;k x;kA lfefr dk xBu

ewy:i ls 20 vxLr 2008 ds 'kklukns'k ls Jh 'kadju dh

v/;{krk esa fd;k x;k FkkA ckn esa 20 vxr 2008 ds vkns'k

dks 3 flracj 2008 ds vkns'k ls la'kksf/kr dj fn;k x;k FkkA

20 vxLr] 2008