Tishk  Interna-onal  University  Faculty  of  Science    Medical  Analysis  Department  

Human Right  

1st  Grade-­‐  Fall  Semester  2020-­‐2021  

Interna-onal  Human  Rights  Law  Lect. 3

Dr.  Karwan  M-­‐Amen  Karwan.mohammed@-u.edu.iq    

 

Learning outcomes: By  the  end  of  this  session,  you  will  be  able  to…    •  Explain  basic  concepts  of  the  Interna-onal  Human  Rights  Law  •  Explain  different  Human  Rights  Laws  

Introduction

•  The  tragedies  of  the  two  World  Wars  obliged  the  interna-onal  

community  to  create  a  world  organisa-on  with  the  purpose  of  

furthering  peace  and  jus-ce,  among  others  by  encouraging  the  

promo-on  and  protec-on  of  human  rights  and  fundamental  

freedoms.  

 

Introduction cont.,

•  The  interna-onal  human  rights  movement  was  strengthened  when  

the  United  Na-ons  General  Assembly  adopted  of  the  Universal  

Declara-on  of  Human  Rights  (UDHR)  on  10  December  1948.    

 

• A  series  of  interna-onal  human  rights  trea-es  and  other  instruments  

adopted  since  then  and  the  body  of  interna-onal  human  rights  law  

developed.    

International Human Rights Law

•  Interna-onal  Human  Rights  Law  lays  down  the  obliga-ons  of  

Governments  to  act  in  certain  ways  or  to  refrain  from  certain  acts,  in  

order  to  promote  and  protect  human  rights  and  fundamental  

freedoms  of  individuals  or  groups.  

International Human Rights Law cont.,

•  The  founda-ons  of  this  body  of  law  are  the  Charter  of  the  United  Na-ons  and  the  Universal  Declara-on  of  Human  Rights.  

 

International Human Rights Law cont.,

•  The  Interna-onal  Human  Rights  Law  is  a  universal  and  interna-onally  

protected  code  to  which  all  na-ons  can  subscribe  and  all  people  

aspire.    

International Human Rights Law cont.,

•  The  United  Na-ons  has  defined  a  broad  range  of  interna-onally  accepted  rights,  including  civil,  cultural,  economic,  poli-cal  and  social  

rights.    

•  It  has  also  established  mechanisms  to  promote  and  protect  these  

rights  and  to  assist  states  in  carrying  out  their  responsibili-es.  

Economic, social and cultural rights

•  The  Interna-onal  Covenant  on  Economic,  Social  and  Cultural  

Rights  entered  into  force  in  1976.  

Economic, social and cultural rights cont.,

It  seeks  to  promote  and  protect  the  right  to:  

• work  in  just  and  favourable  condi-ons;  

•  social  protec-on,  to  an  adequate  standard  of  living  and  to  the  highest  

a\ainable  standards  of  physical  and  mental  well-­‐being;  

•  educa-on  and  the  enjoyment  of  benefits  of  cultural  freedom  

and  scien-fic  progress.  

Civil and political rights

•  The  Interna-onal  Covenant  on  Civil  and  Poli-cal  Rights  and  its  First  Op-onal  Protocol  entered  into  force  in  1976.  The  Second  Op-onal  

Protocol  was  adopted  in  1989.      

Civil and political rights cont.,

•  It  deals  with  rights  such  as:  

-­‐  freedom  of  movement;  

-­‐  the  right  to  a  fair  trial  and  presump-on  of  innocence;  

-­‐  freedom  of  thought,  conscience  and  religion;    

-­‐  freedom  of  opinion  and  expression;    

Civil and political rights cont.,

-­‐ peaceful  assembly;    

-­‐  freedom  of  associa-on;    

-­‐ par-cipa-on  in  public  affairs  and  elec-ons;  

-­‐ and  protec-on  of  minority  rights.  

 

International Bill of Human Rights

•  The  UDHR,  together  with  the  Interna-onal  Covenant  on  Civil  and  Poli-cal  Rights  and  

the  Interna-onal  Covenant  on  Economic,  Social  and  Cultural  Rights,  

form  Interna'onal  Bill  of  Human  Rights.  

Learning objectives Now,  you  will  be  able  to…    •  Explain  basic  concepts  of  the  Interna-onal  Human  Rights  Law  •  Explain  different  Human  Rights  Laws  

Thank you

Questions?