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Human Physiology(circulatory system)

Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

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Page 1: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

Human Physiology(circulatory system)

Page 2: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

Blood (रकत):-Blood helps to transport the oxygen from

lungs to all the parts of body. Blood is a

fluid connective tissue, consisting of

plasma and formed elements, called

blood corpuscles.

रकत फफडो स ऑकसीजन को शरीर क सभी

हहससो म पहचान म मदद करता ह। रकत एक

तरल सयोजी ऊतक ह, हजसम पलाजमा और गठित

ततव होत ह, हजस रकत वाहहकाए कहा जाता ह।

Page 3: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

Functions of Blood (रकत क कायय):-

Exchange of respiratory gases [CO2 and O2] between the

organ of respiration and the tissues.

शवसन और ऊतको क अग क बीच शवसन गसो [CO2 और O2] का

आदान-परदान

Transportation of nutrients from the place of absorption

to different tissues organs.

हवहभनन ऊतको म अवशोषण क सथान स पोषक ततवो का पठरवहन|

Informational molecules like hormones from the glands

to target tissues /organs to maintain homeostasis.

समहसथहत को बनाए रखन क हलए हामोनस जस सचक अण का गरहथ स

ऊतक तक पठरवहन|

Page 4: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

Removal of metabolic wastes from different tissues to excretory

organs.

हवहभनन ऊतको स उपपचायी अपहशषटो को हटकर उतसजयन अग तक ल जाना |

It transport water, H+ and heat to all parts of the body for equal

distribution.

यह पानी, एच + और ऊषमा शरीर क सभी हहससो म समान हवतरण क हलए

पठरवहन करता ह।

It provide defence against foreign material or organisms, by the

helps of lymphocytes and antibodies.

यह हलमफोसाइटो और एटीबॉडी की मदद स बाहरी पदाथय या जीवो क हखलाफ

रकषा परदान करता ह।

Blood helps to maintain a constant body temperature, by

uniformly distributing the heat to all parts of the body.

रकत शरीर क सभी भागो म गमी को समान रप स हवतठरत करक, शरीर क

तापमान को बनाए रखन म मदद करता ह

Page 5: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

DLB 5

Page 6: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues
Page 7: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues
Page 8: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

Red Blood cells

Non – nucleated

Bioconcave in shape

Have haemoglobin

Impart red colour to bood

Help in exchange of O2 and Co2 in tissues

12-16 gm of haemoblobin in every 100 ml of

blood

Average life span of RBC is 120 days

On an average RBC’s in human blood is 4.5

to 5.5 millions

270 mn haemoglobin in each RBC

RBC originate from haematopoitic tissues

of Bone maroow

Erythrocytesलाल रहधर

कहणकाए

Page 9: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

Leucocytesसफद रधिर कणिकाए

Nucleated Cells

Colourless

On an average with

6000-8000 mm of blood

Life span is 3-4 days

WBC’s are of two

types

Page 10: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

Granulocyteकहणकाण

Neutrophils

(most abundant

cells)

Eosinophils

Basophils

(least abundant

cells)

Agranulocytesअकण कोहशका

Monocyte

Lymphocyte

B – lymphocyte

T - lymphotcyte

Page 11: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

Thrombocytes Plateletsपठटकाण

Produce from

megakaryoctyes cells in bone

marrow.

Contains 1, 50,000 to 3, 50,

000 platelets

Helps in coagulation of

blood, also known as

platelets.

Page 12: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

Blood groups(रकत समह) : -

•Blood groups are defined as various types of

groups present in the blood on the basis of presence

or absence of antigen on the surface of red blood

cells.

रकत समहो को लाल रकत कोहशकाओ की सतह पर एटीजन की

उपहसथहत या अनपहसथहत क आधार पर रकत म मौजद हवहभनन

परकार क समहो क रप म पठरभाहषत ककया गया ह।

•Blood groups were identified by Karl Landsteiner

in 1900 and 1902.

1900 और 1902 म कालय लडसटीनर दवारा रकत समहो की

पहचान की गई थी।

Page 13: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

•He found that out of the two

antigens A and B either are present

on the surface of RBC, which

determines the three kinds of blood

types of blood groups.

उनहोन पाया कक दो एटीजन A और B म

कोई RBC की सतह पर मौजद ह, जो तीन

परकार क रकत समहो को हनधायठरत करता ह।

Page 14: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues
Page 15: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

Individuals have both A and B antigens on the

surface of their RBC’s and their blood plasma does

not contain any antibodies against either A or B

antigen. Therefore, and individual with type AB

blood can receive blood from any group, but can

not donate blood to any group other than AB. They

can known as universal recipients.

ककसी क पास RBC की सतह पर A और B दोनो एटीजन होत

ह तो उनक रकत पलाजमा म A या B एटीजन क हवरदध कोई भी

एटीबॉडी नही पाया जाता ह।इसहलए AB रकत समह वाला

वयहकत ककसी भी रकत समह वाल वयहकत स रकत परापत कर सकत

ह, लककन AB क अलावा ककसी अनय समह को रकत दान नही

कर सकत ह। इनह सावयभौहमक परापतकताय क रप म जाना जाता

ह।

Page 16: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

Blood group : - O is universal blood donor. Blood group O

individuals do not have either A or B antigens on their

surface of RBC’s and their blood serum contain

immunoglobin anti-A and anti – B antibodies. Therefore, a

group O individual can receive blood only from a group O

individual, but can donate blood of individuals of any

ABO blood group O-ve blood group is more preferably

called as universal donor.

O सावयभौहमक रकत दाता ह। रकत समह O वाल वयहकत क पास

आरबीसी की सतह पर या तो A या B एटीजन नही ह, उनक रकत

सीरम म इमयनोगलोबहलन एटी-ए और एटी - बी एटीबॉडी होत ह।

इसहलए, रकतसमह O वाल वयहकत कवल एक रकत समहवाल वयहकत स

रकत परापत कर सकता ह, लककन ककसी भी ABO रकत समह O-ve रकत

समह क वयहकतयो का रकत दान कर सकता ह हजस “सावयभौहमक दाता”

कहा जाता ह।

Page 17: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

Blood vessels which transport the blood are of three types

(रकत वाहहकाए जो रकत का पठरवहन करती ह, तीन परकार की होती ह) :

-

Arteries (धमहनया): -

Blood vessels with thick and elastic wall, as they have to

pass the blood under high pressure. Thick blood vessels

have less radius and ensure a high pressure of blood.

Arteries transport the oxygenated blood in blood.

[Pulmonary artery is exception, it transport deoxygenated

blood from heart to lungs]

मोटी और लोचदार दीवार क साथ रकत वाहहकाए, उचच दबाव क साथ

रकत का पठरवहन करती ह। मोटी रकत वाहहकाओ म हिजया कम होती ह

और उचच दबाव क साथ कायय करती ह। धमहनया रकत म ऑकसीजन यकत

रकत का पठरवहन करती ह

[फफफसीय धमनी अपवाद ह, यह हदय स फफडो तक ऑकसीजन रहहत

रकत का पठरवहन करती ह]

Page 18: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

Veins : -

Blood vessels with the thin wall, as the pressure is

not so high. Blood flows in unidirectional way.

Veins transport the deoxygenated blood the body to

heart.

हशरा: - पतली दीवार क साथ रकत वाहहकाए, कयोकक दबाव

इतना अहधक नही होता ह। एक ही कदशा म रकत बहता ह।

हशरा शरीर को हदय तक ऑकसीजन रहहत रकत पहचाती ह।

[Exception is pulmonary vein, it transport the

oxygenated blood from lungs to heart].

[अपवाद फफफसीय हशरा ह, यह फफडो स हदय तक

ऑकसीजन यकत रकत का पठरवहन करता ह]।

Page 19: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

Capillaries : -are the thinnest blood vessels, receives

oxygenated blood and supply it to the tissues,

and deoxygenated blood is send back to veins

again.

कशिकाए: - सबस पतली रकत वाहहकाए ह, ऑकसीजन यकत रकत

परापत करती ह और ऊतको को इसकी आपरतत करती ह,

और ऑकसीजन यकत रकत कफर स नसो म वापस भजती

ह|

Page 20: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

Blood cells [formed

corpuscles] constitute about

45% of the blood. 55% of the

blood is plasma.

रकत कोहशकाए लगभग 45% रकत

का हनमायण करती ह। 55% रकत

पलाजमा ह।

Page 21: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

WBC:[White blood corpuscles] originates or are

formed from bone marrow. But they are not

released directly into the blood instead they

enters into the thymus for maturity and

converts themselves into B and T –

lymphocytes.

अहसथ मजजा स उतपनन होती ह। लककन व सीध रकत म

नही बदल जात ह, इसक बजाय व पठरपकवता क हलए

थाइमस म परवश करत ह और खद को बी और टी -

हलमफोसाइटो म पठरवरततत करत ह।

Page 22: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

For every 600 RBC there is one WBC.

परतयक 600 आरबीसी क हलए एक डबलयबीसी ह।

The adult human being has about 7000 white

blood cells per microlitre of blood. [5 million RBC

per mililitre.

वयसक मानव म परहत माइकरोलीटर रकत म लगभग 7000 शवत

रकत कण होत ह। परहत हमहलटरी 5 हमहलयन आरबीसी

The normal concentration of platelets in the blood

is between 150,000 and 300,000 per micorliter.

रकत म पलटलटस की सामानय सादरता 150, 000 स 300, 000

परहत माइकरोलीटर क बीच होती ह।

Page 23: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

Blood clotting or coagulation : - is an

important process that prevents excessive

bleeding from the blood vessels during injury.

Proteins and platelets in the blood plasma

works in a cascade series to stop the bleeding

by forming a clot over the injury.

रकत क थकक या जमाव: - एक महतवपणय परककरया ह जो

चोट लगन क दौरान रकत वाहहकाओ स अतयहधक

रकतसराव को रोकती ह। रकत पलाजमा म परोटीन और

पलटलट एक कसकड शखला म काम करत ह जो चोट

पर एक थकका बनाकर रकतसराव को रोकत ह।

Page 24: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

General mechanism(सामानय ति) : -

Clotting takes place in three steps :

थकक तीन चरणो म जमता ह:

Damage or rupturing of blood vessels involves the stimulation of

blood clotting factor. It results in formation of prothrombin

activator

The prothrombin activator catalyzes the conversion of

prothrombin into thrombin

The thrombin acts as enzyme to convert firbrinogen into fibrin

fibres which helps in clotting.

रकत वाहहकाओ क कषहतगरसत या टटन म रकत क थकक कारक की उततजना शाहमल

होती ह। इसक पठरणामसवरप परोथरोहमबन एहकटवटर का हनमायण होता ह

परोथरोहमबन एहकटवटर परोथरोहमबन क थरोहमबन म रपातरण को उतपरठरत करता ह

थरोहमबन फाइहिनोजन को फाइहिन फाइबर म पठरवरततत करन क हलए एजाइम क

रप म कायय करता ह जो थकक बनान म मदद करता ह।

Page 25: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

Blood pressure : - is measured with an instrument

called sphygmanometer.

Blood pressure is the force that blood exerts against

the wall of a vessel is called blood pressure. This

pressure is much greater in arteries than in veins.

The blood pressure is measured in two aspects.

रकतचाप :- इस हसफगमनोमीटर नामक एक उपकरण स मापा

जाता ह। बललड परशर वह बल ह जो धमहनयो की दीवार पर

दबाव डालता ह, इस रकतचाप कहा जाता ह। यह दबाव नसो

की तलना म धमहनयो म बहत अहधक होता ह। रकतचाप को दो

पहलओ म मापा जाता ह।

Page 26: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

Contraction/systole – The pressure of blood inside the

artery during ventricular systole is called pressure. The

normal systolic pressure is 120 mm of Hg.

Relaxtion/Diastole – The pressure of blood inside the

artery during ventricular diastole is called diastolic

pressure. The normal diasystolic pressure is 80 mm of Hg.

सकचन / हससटोल - वठटरकलर हससटोल क दौरान धमनी क अदर रकत क

दबाव को दबाव कहा जाता ह। सामानय हससटोहलक दबाव Hg का 120

हममी ह।डायसटोल - वठटरकलर डायसटोल क दौरान धमनी क अदर रकत

का दबाव डायसटोहलक दबाव कहलाता ह। सामानय डायहससटोहलक

दबाव Hg का 80 हममी ह।

Page 27: Human Physiology(circulatory system) · Functions of Blood (क्त क § काय):- Exchange of respiratory gases [CO 2 and O 2] between the organ of respiration and the tissues

THANK YOU