HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS AND BREAST CANCER

Giles Davies

An update on research progress

BREAST CANCER Most prevalent type of Cancer amongst

women Second leading cause of cancer related

deaths Multiple risk factors associated with Breast

Cancer No specific cause for up to 80% of the cases Incidents rising, urgent prevention or cure

needed

HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) HPV is from the family of papillomaviruses

Discovered by Prof Zur-Hausen in genital warts

in 1976

High Risk HPV infection is accountable for over

90% of Cervical cancer cases

HPV also associated with other cancers such

as genital, skin, lung, oral cancers and more

recently with Cardiovascular disease!

HPV Grouped according to their physiological and

biological similarities A1 – A15 (A5, A6, A7, A9 & A11 are carcinogenic) Species A7 includes HR HPV types 18, 56, 66,

39, 45, 59, 68 and 70 Species A9 includes HR HPV types 16, 31, 33,

35, 52, 58, and 67 Further divided into high risk (HR) and low risk

(LR) HPV types HR HPV are carcinogenic – malignant lesions LR HPV associated with warts - benign lesions. Vaccines for HPV types 16, 18 (11, 6)

HPV IN BREAST TISSUE - OUR STUDY Aim: to determine the presence of HPV in normal,

benign and malignant breast tissue HPV discovered in Breast tissue from other research-

controversial results Most research carried out on paraffin embedded

samples – poor quality DNA Most research studies focused only on HPV types 16

and 18 No HPV in Breast Cancer research from UK

SAMPLES COLLECTED AND PROCESSED SO FAR 50 fresh tissue samples collected from

Kingston Hospital Fresh tissue protected in Allprotect

reagent DNA, RNA and Protein extracted from 30

samples - disruption & homogenization easier using TissueLyser

PCR and Gel Electrophoresis carried out on 30 samples

AmpliSens HPV HCR genotype-Eph PCR kit used, targets HPV 16, 31, 33, 35, 18, 39, 45, 59, 52, 56, 58, 88

HPV TYPES DETECTED IN SAMPLESSample HPV 16 HPV 31 HPV 33 HPV35 HPV 18 HPV 39 HPV45 HPV 59

50 51 5253 545556 5758 596061 62 63 64 6566 6971 72 73 75 76

GEL ELECTROPHORESIS IMAGES

340bp

475 bp395 bp

723 bp

GEL ELECTROPHORESIS IMAGES

340bp425 bp

395 bp

723 bp

PREVALENCE OF HPV TYPES

HPV 16 = 0

HPV 31 = 20%

HPV 33 = 0

HPV35 = 20%

HPV 18 = 26%

HPV 39 = 46%

HPV45 = 40%

HPV 59 = 46%

So far 62% HPV detected in 24 patients

CONCLUSIONS So far HPV discovered in a high number of patients 86% of patients with HPV have multiple infections Most prevalent HR HPV types 39, 59 and 45 which are similar to

HPV 18 Very low prevalence of vaccine HR HPV types (18 and 16)

FUTURE WORK More samples required Why HPV present in breast tissue? How HPV entered the breast tissue? Is HPV associated with Breast Cancer? Presence of HPV in protein