HUMAN GENETICS

ch12

Do now:

2. A certain trait is caused by a recessively inherited gene that is not sex-linked. A man and a woman, neither of whom exhibit the trait, have a child with the trait. What is the probability that the second child will have the trait? 0% 25% 50% 100%

6. Which cellular process in plants makes them useful to animals as a source of energy? ATP Production DNA Replication Cellular Respiration Glucose production

Patterns of Inheritance

Traits and diseases can be passed from generation to generation Complete Dominance

Dominant: Huntingtons, Achondroplasia, Polydactyly Recessive: Albinism, Cystic Fibrosis, Sickle cell anemia

X-linked (sex-linked) Colorblindness, Hemophilia

Multiple Allele Blood Type

Polygenic Color of Skin, Eyes, Hair Height

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Blood Type

Four basic types A,B, AB, O Genetic and inherited from your parents

Genetic- caused by genes Inherited- passed to offspring

You tube 2:30 – 4:00 Donuts with rainbow sprinkes, brown sprinkles, both or none

Blood Transfusion

amniocentisis

How common is my blood type?

Blood Type

Type A Type B Type O Type AB

Do Now: 1. Scientists use a certain technique to measure RNA

levels in various cell types. Which of the following is most directly observed by this technique? Mutation Biomagnification Gene expression Osmotic regulation

3. A pyramid of biomass illustrates the relative amount of living organic matter available at each trophic level in an ecosystem. How I this concept illustrated on a pyramid of biomass? Plants are always located at the top Plants are always locatedin the middle Plants are shown to have the smallest number of individual

organisms Plants form the base of the pyramid and have the greatest

overall biomass

Type O mom x Type AB Dad

IBi x IAIB

Genetic Traits

To Identify how a trait is passed along, we use a Pedigree. Similar to a family tree:

Circles = female Boxes = male Filled in = the person has the trait Half filled in means the person carries the trait (not

always known)

Genetic Conditions

Traits or diseases that are determined by your DNA are described as genetic.

Having big muscles – not genetic Having white skin – genetic Liking the taste of oranges – not genetic Tasting PTC paper - genetic

But just because it is genetic, DOES NOT mean that it is inherited. Some conditions can occur because of an error or

mutation in a developing organism Example: Trisomy-21 aka Down Syndrome

Trisomy – Three copies

If meiosis GOES WRONG, the WRONG number of DNA ends up in a cell.

Most of the time the organism will die. There are a few particular circumstances for

life:

Types of mutations – page 225

Chromosome Mutations: Nondisjucntion = Down Syndrome Deletion Inversion Translocation

Gene Mutations: Point Mutation – Genes DNA Nucleotides =

letters Substitution – sickle cell Deletion (*Frame Shift) Insertion (*Frame Shift)

Mutations

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Detecting Disorders

Genetic Screening Take a family history Blood work Predict possibilities

Genetic counseling- helps couples decide what to do

Amniocentesis Chorionic villi sampling