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Human computer interaction. Eur Ing Roger Fairhead BSc CEng MIET MAPM MICG With thanks to:. Content. What is the human-computer interface? The human The computer Interaction User interfaces Interface design. What is HCI?. HCI is the study of people, computer technology - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Human computer interaction
Eur Ing Roger FairheadBSc CEng MIET MAPM MICG
With thanks to:
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Content
What is the human-computer interface?
The human The computer Interaction User interfaces Interface design
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
What is HCI?
HCI isthe study of people, computer
technologyand the ways these influence each
other
HCI adds design principles for computer screens and the human computer dialogue
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Goals of HCI
The goals of HCI are to produce systems which are: usable safe functional effective efficient
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Why is HCI important?
A lack of a good user interface will often mean that software is often difficult and tedious to use.
A good interface will help to achieve higher productivity increased safety
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Who contributes to HCI?
Research into HCI combines expertise from many areas
– computer science– psychology (cognitive and social)– ergonomics– linguistics– artificial intelligence– engineering and design
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
The human (1)
Input provides a human withinformation that can be used tocomprehend its surroundings
Output allows a human tointeract with and influence its
surroundings
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
The human (2)
Memory is a human withinformation that can be used tocomprehend its surroundings
Three types of human memory– sensory– short-term– long-term
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
The human (3)
short term
sensory
long term
Input
Attention
RehearsalRecall
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
The computer
Input provides the computer withinformation that its program needs
to ‘solve’ a problemOutput allows the computer to
communicate the results of itsprocessing to the user
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Interaction
Interaction can be achieved using a number of styles
» command entry» menus and navigation» forms and spreadsheets» question and answer dialogue» natural language dialogue» WIMP» direct manipulation
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
User interfaces
An interface can refer to the physical connection between two pieces of hardware.A user interface refers to:the way people (users) interact with a computer: how they tell it what to
do, and how the computer communicates a response or result
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Interfaces types (1)
Command line interface– type in commands– need to know syntax and command
names Natural language processing
– type in commands in user’s natural format
– sentences, abbreviations used
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Interfaces types (2)
Menu-driven interface– learning time reduced– option is chosen and computer carries
out appropriate sequence of commands
Graphical user interface (GUI)– command/menu approaches are text
based– GUIs use icons as well as text– pointing device used
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Interface design (1)
Interface design is not independent of program design.Need a model of the user, which requires understanding of:
– types of users– user’s requirements– user’s level of ability
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Interface design (2)
Considered along with the model of the user:
screen design controls user guidance error messages response time
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Usability
Three categories of principles to determine usability of an interface learnability flexibility robustness
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Web Design Principles (WAI)
Accessibility
The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) develops strategies, guidelines, and
resources to help make the Web accessible to people with disabilities
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Web Design Principles (WAI)
The power of the Web is in its universality.
Access by everyone regardless of disability is an essential aspect.
Tim Berners-Lee, W3C Director and inventor of the World Wide
Web
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Web Design - Accessibility
The needs that Web accessibility aims to address include:– Visual– Motor/Mobility– Auditory– Seizures– Cognitive/Intellectual
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_accessibility
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Web Design - Accessibility
Visual impairments including blindness, various common types of low vision and poor eyesight, various types of color blindness;
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Web Design - Accessibility
Motor/Mobility: e.g. difficulty or inability to use the hands, including tremors, muscle slowness, loss of fine muscle control, etc., due to conditions such as Parkinson's Disease, muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, stroke;
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Web Design - Accessibility
Auditory: Deafness or hearing impairments, including individuals who are hard of hearing;
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Web Design - Accessibility
Seizures: Photoepileptic seizures caused by visual strobe or flashing effects.
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Web Design - Accessibility
Cognitive/Intellectual: Developmental disabilities, learning disabilities (dyslexia, dyscalculia, etc.), and cognitive disabilities of various origins, affecting memory, attention, developmental "maturity," problem-solving and logic skills, etc.;
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Principles of effective Web design
Don’t make users think Don’t squander users’ patience Manage to focus users’ attention Strive for feature exposure Make use of effective writing
http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2008/01/31/10-principles-of-effective-web-design/
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Principles of effective Web design
Strive for simplicity Don’t be afraid of the white space Communicate effectively with a
“visible language” Conventions are our friends Test early, test often
http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2008/01/31/10-principles-of-effective-web-design/
Dr. Andy Seddon, [email protected]
StaffordshireUNIVERSITY
Schoolof
Computing
Some links
Web page accessibility checker
http://www.webpagesthatsuck.com/
http://www.rnib.org.uk/professionals/webaccessibility/Pages/web_accessibility.aspx