Human Cloning © 2014 wheresjenny.com Human cloning

Human Cloning

© 2014 wheresjenny.com

Human cloning

Human Cloning


What is cloning?

Cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. The term also refers to the production of multiple copies of a product such as digital media or software.

Clones are organisms that are exact genetic copies. Every single bit of their DNA is identical.

Clones can happen naturally—identical twins are just one of many examples. Or they can be made in the lab.

Human Cloning


Vocabulary

Genetic: Relating to genes or heredity.

Artificial: Made or produced by human beings rather than occurring naturally, especially as a copy of something natural.

Identical: Similar in every detail; exactly alike.

Controversy: Prolonged public disagreement or heated discussion.

Prompted: (of an event or fact) cause or bring about (an action or feeling).

Embryo: An unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development.

Human Cloning


Human cloning

Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of a human. The term is generally used to refer to artificial human cloning, which is the reproduction of human cells and tissue. It does not refer to the natural conception and delivery of identical twins. The possibility of human cloning has raised controversies. These ethical concerns have prompted several nations to pass laws regarding human cloning and its legality.

Human Cloning


Dolly the sheep

Dolly, a Finn-Dorset ewe, was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. Dolly was formed by taking a cell from the udder of her biological mother. Her biological mother was 6 years old when the cells were taken from her udder. Dolly's embryo was created by taking the cell and inserting it into a sheep ovum. It took 434 attempts before an embryo was successful.

Human Cloning


How Is Cloning Done?

Many people first heard of cloning when Dolly the Sheep showed up on the scene in 1997. Artificial cloning technologies have been around for much longer than Dolly, though.

There are two ways to make an exact genetic copy of an organism in a lab: artificial embryo twinning and somatic cell nuclear transfer.

1. Artificial Embryo Twinning

Artificial embryo twinning is a relatively low-tech way to make clones. As the name suggests, this technique mimics the natural process that creates identical twins.

Human Cloning


2. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), also called nuclear transfer, uses a different approach than artificial embryo twinning, but it produces the same result: an exact genetic copy, or clone, of an individual. This was the method used to create Dolly the Sheep.

Human Cloning


Is cloning an organism the same as cloning a gene?

You may have heard about researchers cloning, or identifying, genes that are responsible for various medical conditions or traits. What's the difference?

When scientists clone an organism, they are making an exact genetic copy of the whole organism, as described above.

When scientists clone a gene, they isolate and make exact copies of just one of an organism's genes. Cloning a gene usually involves copying the DNA sequence of that gene into a smaller, more easily manipulated piece of DNA, such as a plasmid. This process makes it easier to study the function of the individual gene in the laboratory.

Human Cloning


Writing(Make sentences)

2 sentences each

Genetic

Artificial

Identical

Controversy

Prompted

Embryo

Human Cloning


Thank you

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Human Cloning © 2014 wheresjenny.com Human cloning