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Human Body Systems
Can you….
• name all of the body systems?
• tell what each system does?
I can …
• identify the subsystems that make up the human body.
• identify the parts and label the functions of the human body’s 8 systems.
• explain how systems of the human body are interrelated and regulate the body’s internal environment.
How is the body organized?
Lesson 1
Cells Working Together
• Body is made up of cells– 75 trillion cells– Different body parts are made up of different cells
• Cells depend on each other to keep the body running smoothly– Body processes can only happen within a particular
temperature range (98.6) so the cells work together to make sure the body stays in that range.
Levels of Organization
• Each type of cell performs certain activities or functions
• Cells are organized by the activities they do– Cells that contract = muscle tissue– Cells that carry messages = nerve tissue
• Two or more tissues working together = organ• Each organ in the body is part of an organ
system
Wrapping it up
Create a flow chart that shows how the body is organized. • Include cells, tissues, organs, and organ
systems. • Explain / define each component.
What systems help move body parts?
Lesson 2
I can …
• identify the subsystems that make up the human body.
• identify the parts and label the functions of the human body’s 8 systems.
• explain how systems of the human body are interrelated and regulate the body’s internal environment.
Skeletal System
Skeletal System
• Bones are made of living tissue and nonliving minerals
• Bones have several functions:– Support body– Give you height– Protect organs– Form new blood cells– Store minerals
Skeletal System
• Adult body has 206 bones– 22 in skull– 33 in spine– 27 in hand– 26 in foot
• Babies bones are made of cartilage which are then replaced by hard bone
Wrapping it up
Why do bones have several parts that vary in density?
Muscular System
Muscular System
• More than 600 muscles in your body• Make up 40-50% of your body weight• Muscles and the tissues that attach them to
bones = muscular system
Muscular System
• Three types:– Cardiac muscle (heart) – able to contract
repeatedly without getting tired– Smooth muscle (digestive system and blood
vessels) – involuntary; control movements inside your body
– Skeletal muscle (biceps, quads) – voluntary muscles that move your limbs
Keeping Muscles and Bones Healthy
• Muscles can get injured
• Ways to stay healthy:– Eat healthy foods– Plenty of sleep– Exercise (warm up first and stretch after)
Wrapping it up
Why is it important to have voluntary and involuntary muscles?
How do systems control the body?
Lesson 3
I can …
• identify the subsystems that make up the human body.
• identify the parts and label the functions of the human body’s 8 systems.
• explain how systems of the human body are interrelated and regulate the body’s internal environment.
Nervous System
Nervous System
• Parts:– Brain– Spinal cord– Nerves– Sense organs
• Continually collects information from inside and outside your body
• Functions:– Helps you speak, think, taste, hear, see
Nervous System
• How it works:– Nerve cells (neurons) pass
messages throughout the body along the spinal cord
– Dendrites get messages from other neurons and give them to the cell body
– Axon moves messages away from that neuron to other nerve cells
– Brain gets message and tells body how to react
Nervous System
• Motor nerves: carry signals from the brain to the body
• Sensory nerves: carry information from the body to the brain
Reflexes
• A response that happens automatically without the brain “thinking” about it
• Protect the body from dangerous situations
Reflexes
• Ways to protect your nervous system:– Avoid alcohol– Avoid drugs– Wear protective gear
when playing sports– Wear seat belts in the
car– Never dive into a shallow
pool
Wrapping it up
Tell how a reflex action differs from other actions directed by the brain. Explain why this process is important in protecting the body.
Endocrine System
Endocrine System
• Helps balance what goes on in the body• Controls body growth and blood sugar levels• Made up of glands:– Gland – organ that makes chemicals
• Glands release chemicals (hormones) into the blood to help control the body’s functions
Wrapping it up
One of the endocrine glands often is called the “master gland.” Which gland do you think that is”? Why?
How do systems transport materials?
Lesson 4
I can …
• identify the subsystems that make up the human body.
• identify the parts and label the functions of the human body’s 8 systems.
• explain how systems of the human body are interrelated and regulate the body’s internal environment.
Digestive System
Digestive System• Takes the food that you eat and changes it into a form cells can use
• Parts:– Mouth– Esophagus– Stomach– Small intestine– Large intestine
• Types:– Mechanical digestion – tearing, crushing, and mashing food (ex. Biting and
chewing food)– Chemical digestion – chemicals (enzymes) break food down into nutrients to
give us energy
• Helper Parts: - Liver - Gallbladder - Pancreas
Circulatory System
• Parts:– Heart– Blood– blood vessels
• Main job: move nutrients and other materials throughout your body through blood vessels to your cells
Circulatory System
• Heart is the size of your fist
• Beats 70 times every minute
Circulatory System
• How it works:– Blood moves away from
the heart through arteries (thick muscular tubes) and back to the heart through veins (large blood vessels)
– Capillaries are the smallest blood vessel in your body – allow material to pass through their walls to other cells
Circulatory System
• Plasma – part of blood that is liquid– Mostly made of water, but
has nutrients and waste products
– Contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets• Red blood cells – carry oxygen• White blood cells- attack germs• Platelets – pieces of cells
formed in bone marrow that help blood clot to stop bleeding
Wrapping it up
Why does blood leave the heart in arteries and return in veins? Why not in the same structure?
Respiratory System
Respiratory System
• Parts:– Lungs– Nose– Trachea– Bronchial tubes
• Job: take oxygen from the air and get rid of CO2 from your body
Respiratory System
• How it works:– Cells use oxygen to release energy from nutrients
= produces carbon dioxide– CO2 is a waste that must be removed from your
cells– Blood carries oxygen to your cells and takes away
the CO2
Wrapping it up
Why is it harder to breathe when you have a cold? Explain.
How do systems keep the body healthy?
Lesson 5
I can …
• identify the subsystems that make up the human body.
• identify the parts and label the functions of the human body’s 8 systems.
• explain how systems of the human body are interrelated and regulate the body’s internal environment.
Immune System
• Pathogens – organisms that make you sick– Found everywhere
Immune System
• How to fight pathogens:– Prevent them from coming into the body
• Skin• Tears• Mucus in nose, mouth, and throat
– Kill them once in your body• Saliva and stomach juices• Extra blood flows to the pathogen so white blood cells can fight it• Antibodies – chemicals that kill certain pathogens if they come into
your body again
– Body reflexes• Sneezing• Coughing
Wrapping it up
How would life be different if we didn’t have an immune system? Explain.
Systems Working Together
• Body systems are involved in everything we do and ALWAYS work together
• Important to take care of your body– Start at young age– Most adult health problems start when younger
Mr. Immunity
Wrapping it up
Why is it important to develop a healthy lifestyle at a young age?
