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HumanBodyOrientation Bio230CarlaSweet,M.D.
AnatomyisStructure;Form.HowthingsarebuiltWhatisAnatomy?
WhatisPhysiology?
PhysiologyisthestudyofFunction-howthingswork
InthisclasswewillbestudyingANATOMY!!
REMEMBER!!!!
Form(anatomy)determinesFunction(physiology)
THELANGUAGEOFANATOMYisandhastobeveryprecise.Inordertoavoidconfusionandmistakesinprofessionalenvironments,suchashospitalsandhealth-relatedfields;todescribebodypartsanditsexactlocations,anatomistsuseanatomicalterms;- inthestudyofanatomy,descriptionsofanypartofthehumanbodyassume thatthebodyisinthecorrect"ANATOMICALPOSITION”: - thepersonstandserectfacingtheobserver,withtheheadlevel,andtheeyesfacingforward;thefeetareflatontheflooranddirectedforward, andthearmsareatthesideswiththepalmsturnedforward.
Regionalterms- seeyourlabexerciselistfortheonesyouareresponsiblefor!
pedal(foot)
*plantar=soleoffoot
BodyPlanes:a. Sagittal Plane- verticalplanesdividesbodyororganintorightandleftportions.includesmidsagittal (shown)andparasagittal (lateraltomidline)
MRIheadmidsagittal image
BodyPlanes:b. Frontal(Coronal)Plane-averticalplanethatdividesthebodyororganintoananteriorandposteriorsection
MRIheadcoronal(frontal)image
BodyPlanes:c.Transverse(Horizontal)Plane– ahorizontalplanethatdividesthebodyororganintosuperiorandposteriorportions.Alsoreferredtoasacrosssection.
TransverseMRIimageofabdomen
Whatplanesaretheseimagestakenfrom?
c
BodyCavities
SerousMembranesintheVentralBodyCavity
Thewallsoftheventralbodycavityandtheoutersurfaceoftheorgansitcontainsarecoveredbyathindoublelayeredmembrane– theSEROSA.
ThepartofthemembraneliningthecavitywallsiscalledthePARIETALSEROSA
Thepartoftheserosaliningthetheorgan(s)iscalledtheVISCERALSEROSA.
THESPACEBETWEENTHEPARIETALANDVISCERALMEMBRANESISTHE“SEROUSCAVITY”-FILLEDWITHSEROUSFLUID.WHATISTHEFUNCTIONOFSEROUSFLUID?
Theserousmembranesarenamesforthespecificcavityandorganswhichtheycover.
Youareresponsibleforthefollowingserosa.1. parietalpericardium(linesthepericardialcavity):visceralpericardium(linestheheart)2. parietalpleura(linesthepleuralcavity):visceralpleura(linesthelungs)3. parietalperitoneum(linestheabdominalcavity):visceralperitoneum(linestheabdominal
organs)
1. Parietalpericardium:Visceralpericardium(pericardialcavity)
HEART
2.ParietalpleuraVisceralpleura(pleuralcavity)LUNGS
Remember:parietal=outsidevisceral=nexttothe“visceral”organ.
WhatisPericarditis?WhatisPleurisy(Pleuritis)?
Peritoneum-hardtovisualize!First,wewilltakealookatasagittal sectionthroughtheabdomenjusttotherightofthemidlineofthebody.
Theparietalperitoneumiscoloredbrightblueandthevisceralperitoneumiscoloredmagenta.
gpc &lpc refertothegreaterandlesserperitonealcavities.Thiscavityisfilledwithserous(lubricating)fluid.
Wewilllearnmoreabouttheperitoneumwhenwelearnaboutthedigestivesystem.Fornow..trytovisualizethisserousmembraneandhowitformaadoublelayermembranewithanoutside(parietal)layerandaninner(viscerallayer),withtheperitonealcavityin-between.
Whatisperitonitis?