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1.) For both Marx and Nietzsche, philosophical reflection always must be tied to liberation, a concept in turn informedby the idea of human freedom. Referring to specific passages and arguments from out readings, compare the

heterogeneous ways in which Marx and Nietzsche each envisioned the e xperience of freedom.

- Marx :Liberation = idea that they could be a foundation of a revolution of human development. Its not aboutme its about the course of the human race. Dont worship each other just relate to one another.

- Always has been class struggles we all fall under the oppressed or the oppressor. Thats why the revolutionmust be progressive and universal

- to be free you have to have Geist which is German for ghost and is our material existence. It was all aboutconsciousness as Marx believed mental power and capabilities could even set a slave free. You could change

your conscience.

- Marx also believe that ones material well being also effected their conscience, i.e) if we lived in a repression.- Freedom is not the ability to have and manipulate private property but can be a way to use resources. 95% of

the population didnt own any property which led to a class struggle.

- Solution to class struggles was communism which w ould make all c lass boundaries disappear. No religion, etc.- Humans make their own history just in c onditions that we ourselves choose- Eventually the bourgeois system will be replaced by voluntary revolution. Freedom for everybody, workers

will becomethe agent for this movement . UNITE FREELY AND HAVE A CHANCE AT OVERCOMING THE

BOURGEOIS - WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES UNITE!!!

- Communism wants to overcome allpromote volu ntary association with others- Nietzsche: look towards the past to deal with the future, learn how to read the past to prepare for the free

spirit to come.

- Failure, tragedy = freedom (Will Power)- You must try and you cannot not try but you wont get there- Looks back at the Greeks because he wants to lok at something in an unthought-of way.- Moment of untimeliness the existence of the world as an astetic phenomenon, mind becomes unfree- Aphorism 275 what is the seal to attain freedom? No longer being ashamed in front of oneself dont have to

be no longer self critical but when you find something about yourself you ffirm that thing about you. No

apologize = freedom. Lack of will = no freedom

- Seeing that part of us as ecil but the evil part of me could be the onlt real thing about me- No resentment or moral value

2.) Marx uses his critique to analyze the political structures of the t ime by viewing human development as a list ofhistorical events that display the progression of the human race. Through dialetic of forces of productivity ways

wealth generates in condition to how it is made, relation between b ase and superstructure- superstructure =

ideology that has some influence on the material description, and economic formation- earth to heaven economy

makes us who we are and without capital cannot b e understood, Marx analyzes the everyday life in Germany and

Historical materialism looks for the causes of developments and ch anges in human society in the means by which

humans collectively produce the necessities of life. Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy concerned w ith

explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world

- Critique reason; judgment, getting to the root/idea of something. Views it through critique because it allowsus to view the most important parts of history, as it is the moment of separation and decision. Crisis.

- Marx looks at the past historical events as the first international workers groups start forming and sees that itis time for his revolution against personality cults. Marx wants to progressively (over time) erase the

boundaries that separate classes. Sees it as a way of structural socialization separation of labor. Marx and

Freud both arrive at the same result that their material well being does make t hem who they are the w ay

things present themselves is not really how they should be life is not determined by the conscience but the

conscience is determined by life.

- Man in the Top Hat- Pg 297 But here i ndividuals are dealt with only in so far as they are personifications of economicalcategories,

embodiments of particular class relations a nd class interests

- Sieze the means of production and dont become a machine. Dont let your work become who you are.- Think of society- ideological formation as human progress, look a t the past in hopes o f changing the

future/today - theory of value (who decides what has a certain calue and how it comes about)

- Capital argues in terms of production economic society- Capital is really nothing but allows for me to have people work for me; just a name for the social relationamong ppl.- Free wage labor moral argument for fairness in compensation- Labor is turned into a thing and t his happens in m sibconsciousness- Giest existence only matters whats going on t he consciousness, but our material existence has other plans

and claims to control how we look at life.

- Determined by class, social lvl:o class struggle consciousnesso existence- accept it make you who you are 1*o sociallvl is internal it doesnt just happen it grows from within

- we have a class based society because that is how we created it but we can change- Through out history, workers have been oppressed by big co mpanies etc and Marx sees this as a universal

problem as you are either seen as a n oppressor or the oppressed.

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- Pg 472 all of history has been a history of class struggles betwe en exploited and exploiting, etc- The bourgeoisie cannot exist without constant constantly revolutionizing the instruments of production- 500 in short communists support every revolutionary movement against the existing social and political

prder of things. Abolition of property.

- Use vs exchange value: relationship between the object and their labor, no longer betwee n workers*****- Its not as though a product was made by nature for its use-value but it is socially precieved or assumed its

value as a commodity

-

Commodity fetism - origin = labor

Briefly, this is the idea that economic factors the w ay people produce t he necessities of life determine the kind of politics

and ideology a society can have:

- "The totality of these relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society, the real foundation,on which arises a legal and political superstructure and to wh ich correspond definite forms of social

consciousness. The mode o f production of material life conditions the general process of social, political and

intellectual life."

3.) Ruling thoughts: both men opposed t he ruling thought- Nietzsche: Blinding fog deception we view our lives with that self-imposed life. This moment deprives me o f

my self-existence.

- Suffering = meaning of life Christianity no tragedy- A book for free spirits stand in the way of the opposition- Free spirits must be to crazy to have it all a nd throw it away.- Master and Slave morality w/ apollonian v s Dionysus aspect- Slave morality moment where I am no longer free, lack of will- Constantlyin-between both moralities or aspects as one can never be in one and not the other- Interpretations of events in history change depending on the ruling tho ughts- Marx:- Ruling thoughts rule Geist whoever has the most material objects will c ontrol Geist. What is considered

normal is the ruling thought. Its an invisible structure. Common sense. Intellectual tools o f oppression;

diversion from seeing whats important

- Thinking is doing and doing is not thinking; who gets to decide what the status quo is how can we changethis

- Dominant epoch: superstructure base: intellectual thinking basis for who I am- Proletariat majority ruling over the minority revolution cannot happen all at once; self education for t he

proletariat; reinvent

4.) Truths are illusions which we have forgotten that th ey are illusions- society imposes in order to exit that we are truthful; we forget that this is the way that things are a nd precisely

because of this unconsciousness that we arrive at the feeling o f truth

- it is language which works o n building the edifice of concepts later its sci.- if truth alone had been decisive in the genesis of language if the viewpoint of certainty had been decisive in

creating designations how could we possible be permitted o say he stone is hard as if hard were something

known to use in some other way and not merely as an entirely subjective stimulus.

- When different languages are set along side one a nother it becomes clear that w here words are concernedwhat matters is never truth never the full a nd adequate expression otherwise there would be so many

languages

- Philosophers- distinguish between good and evil- We create a false sense of truth etc to make us feel goof even when at times we are h urting ourselves even

more by doing this. Consciences tell us whats right and wrong but who decides that and where and when did

we start classifying things as good and evil.

- Huge for Nietzsche talking about how his desire for an object to bring a false desire for the f eeling. Desire is fordesire

- Philosophy modern science; truth metaphysical model- Justification for something is so wrong- self-delusion

5.) Thesis XI: the philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways, the point, how ever, is to change it!- if your thought is so isolated from the world then what value does it have to the world?- Interpret how can it change the world- Philosophers- distinguish between good and evil- Need to work to fulfill passion for work; go to wo rk to pay rent no longer an essence of being part of a group

which we can share and enjoy giving something back to the community. Marx interprets that he needs to

revolutionize the political economy. Then he looks on how he can be tter the lives of everyday citizens by

trying to find ways in which they can give back to the community

- All workers share the same fate: oppressed vs oppressor- If its not universal liberation its not liberation at all. Globalization.- Unite freely together and overcome the bourgeois- Prefix to the German edition: cannot just be a struggle for a particular struggle, needs to be universal to stop

the exploitation and to look for the common good for all.