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http://institute.nsta.org/web_seminars.asp
NASA/NSTA Web Seminar:
Energy and a Sustainable Habitat
LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP
Energy and Sustainable Habitats
Anuradha Koratkar,
Susan Hoban,
Albert Hill, and
Brendan Shaughnessy
Imagine…
• 6 astronauts, 6 months, the Moon– What will they need to have?
– What resources will they already have?
– How much energy will they need?– How will they generate this energy?
Solar Energy
• The study and use of solar energy is called photovoltaics from
– Phos: Greek for “light”
– Volta: Count Alessandro Volta created the first electric battery and is considered one of the fathers of electricity
History of Solar Energy
• Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel discovered the photovoltaic effect in 1839.
• William Coblentz created the first solar cell in 1883.
Photovoltaics• Light is composed of tiny particles called
photons.• An atom is a tiny nucleus and a relatively
large electron cloud, so the photon usually hits an electron.
• Electrons may then have enough energy to separate from the atom.
What is the charge of the…?
Photoelectron Remaining AtomPositive PositiveNegative Negative
Classical Solar Energy
• Cell has a positive and negative coating• A photon can excite an electron enough to
flow as electricity• The electricity is then conducted across a
wire to power a load
Solar Energy on Earth
• The Earth’s atmosphere receives around 1350 watts per square meter
• North America receives about 125 - 375 watts per square meter
• The Sun’s energy is reflected or absorbed by Earth’s atmosphere
What causes the energy from the Sun to be distributed across the Earth like this?
Press *6 to unmute your phone
Solar Energy in Space
• Negligible atmospheric interference– In general, Esun=1366/d2
• How often is sunlight available?
Energy Flow
SOURCES SINKS
Food and Water
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Air
• Possible energy sinks– Heating/Cooling – 100-200 kWh / month– Circulation – 100-200 kWh / month– Filtration, Pressurization
• Can you think of more?
Other Sinks
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
How much energy does an average family of 4 use in the U.S?
Poll Question:
Energy usage (kWh/month)
Food 100 400 700
Air 600 800 1000
Water 200 300 400
Energy usage (kWh/month)
Equipment 500 750 1000
Habitat 100 250 500
Miscellaneous 100 250 500
Your Solar Energy Farm
• If a 1 meter x 1 meter panel creates 30 kWh per month, what is the size of the energy farm?
• Stamp the picture that is closest to the size of the necessary solar array.
Where will you locate the solar farm on the Moon?
• Lunar days and nights are 14 days long.
• Are there locations with near continuous sunlight?
• Where are these locations and why do they exist?
• Is this near water resources?
Closed Ecosystems
• Ideally do not require or produce matter
• Usually do have energy inputs and outputs– Energy input ideally equals energy output
• Can you name any closed ecosystems?
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Sustainable Habitats
• BIOS 3– Crew of 3– Longest mission was 180
days long• Dried meats were
introduced to the system• Used algae to recycle
oxygen• Required 400 kW
Sustainable Habitats
• Biosphere 2
Sustainable Habitats
• Biosphere 2– Located in Oracle, Arizona– Crew of 8– Longest mission was 2 years long
• 1991 – 1993• Eventually required oxygen and other materials
System Requirements
• What are some other important considerations in designing a closed, sustainable habitat?
Press *6 to unmute your phone
Thank you so much for participating in our web seminar!
If you have any questions let us discuss them on the discussion listserv.
Flavio will send you a link for you to subscribe.
National Science Teachers AssociationGerry Wheeler, Executive Director
Frank Owens, Associate Executive Director Conferences and Programs
Al Byers, Assistant Executive Director e-Learning
LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP
NSTA Web SeminarsFlavio Mendez, Program Manager
Jeff Layman, Technical CoordinatorJudith Lopes, Administrative Assistant
Susan Hurstcalderone, Volunteer Chat Moderator