HTF Manual

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Glycol-Based Heat TransferFluid Tech nical Manual

WEBA Technology1213 N Sherman Ave #351

Madison, WI 53704 USATel: 608-819-8806Fax: 608-237-2054www.webacorp.com


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Copyright 2003 WEBA Technology

All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form by any means,mechanical or electronic, including: recording, photocopying or any storage and retrieval,

without per mission in writing from WEBA Technology.

WEBA Technology 1213 N Sherman Ave #351Madison, WI 53704 USA

Tel: 608-819-8806Fax: 608-237-2054

www.webacorp.com


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Table of Contents

TECHNICAL MANUAL

Glycol-Based Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual Introduction 6Why Choose WEBA Technology's Heat Transfer Fluids? 6

Applications Heavy Duty Industrial Ser vice 7 Applications - HVAC 7 Applications - Food Grade 8Burst Protection HVAC Coolants 9Choose Between Ethylene Glycol-Based & Propylene Glycol-Based Coolants 10

Available as Concentrate or Dilution 10 Analytical Services 11General System Design and Equipment Considerations 12Operating Temperature 13Preparation of Existing Systems for Heat Transfer Fluids 13

Preparation of New Systems for Heat Transfer Fluids 13Water Quality Considerations 14Safety, Handling, Storage, and Disposal of Heat Transfer Fluids 15

APPENDICES

SECTION 1: Physical Properties and Engin eering Data for WEBA TechnologyEthylene Glyco l-Based Heat Trans fer Fluids 17

Figure 1: Freezing points of aqueous solutions of ethyleneglycol-based heat transfer uid products. 18

Figure 2: Boiling points of aqueous solutions of ethyleneglycol-based heat trans fer uid products. 19

Figure 3: Typical concentrations of ethylene glycol heattransfer uids re quired to provide freeze and burst protection at varioustemperatures. 20

Figure 4: Ethylene glycol concentration versus freezing points andboiling points. 21

Figure 5: Graph - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions ofethylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. 22

Figure 6: Chart - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions ofethylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. 23

Figure 7: Graph - Speci c heat of aqueous solutions ofethylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. 24

Figure 8: Chart - Speci c heat of aqueous so lutions ofethylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. 25


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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 9: Film coef cients for eth ylene glycol-based heattransfer uids at 30 percent (volume). 26

Figure 10: Film coef cients for WEBA Technology ethylene glycol-based heattransfer uids at 40 percent (volume). 27


SECTION 2:Physical Properties and Engineering Data for WEBA TechnologyPropylene Glycol -Based Heat Trans fer Fluid s 29

Figure 1: Freezing points of aqueous solutions of pro py leneglycol-based heat transfer uid products. 30

Figure 2: Boiling points of aqueous solutions of propyleneglycol-based heat trans fer uid products. 31

Figure 3: Typical concentrations of propylene glycol heattransfer uids re quired to provide freeze and burst protection at varioustemperatures. 32

Figure 4: Propylene glycol concentration versus freezing points andboiling points. 33

Figure 5: Graph - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions ofconcentrated propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. 34

Figure 6: Graph - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of70% heavy duty propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. 35

Figure 7: Chart - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions ofpropylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. 36

Figure 8: Graph - Speci c heat of aqueous solutions ofconcentrated propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. 37

Figure 9: Graph - Speci c heat of aqueous solutions of70% heavy duty propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. 38

Figure 10: Chart - Speci c heat of aqueous solutions ofpropylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. 39


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Figure 11: Film coef cients for propylene glycol-based heattransfer uids at 30 percent (volume). 40




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WEBA TechnologyGlycol-Based Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual Introduction

WEBA Technology has had extensive experience in the development, manufacturing, and marketing of heattransfer uids of all types. Additive packages for heat transfer uids include a light-to-medium-duty formula-tion for heating and air conditioning systems (comparable to a Dowfrost, Dowtherm, Ucartherm, etc., whenmixed with propylene or ethylene glycol), and a heavy-duty industrial service formulation for large, sta tion arycom pres sor engines, natural gas transmission line bath heaters, and other demanding applications (com pa ra bleto an Ambitrol, Norkool, etc., when mixed with glycol).

WEBA Technology's ongoing research and development effort keeps our additive systems at the lead ingedge of technology. Our technical department routinely provides support to our customers, including annualuid sample analyses for customer uid maintenance programs, system/ uid problem-solving assistance,uid selection for new systems, etc. We also provide make-up ad ditives for customers whose uid sam plesindicate a need for inhibitor restoration.

Why Choose WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluids?

WEBA Technology's heat transfer uids are superior to other types of coolants such as water, inhibitedwater, uninhibited glycols, alcohol-water systems, and automotive antifreeze in applications re quir ing longuid life. Conventional automotive antifreezes, for instance, typically contain certain additives that performtheir func tions very well within their average change-out interval of about two years. How ev er, after a fewyears, such ingredients can start to have a negative effect on antifreeze per formance. Silicates and oxidizingcor rosion inhibitors are two of these ingredients that become troublesome over time.

Silicates protect the aluminum parts which are increasingly used in automobile engines today. However,they also form gels and scale over time that restrict ow through large stationary engine cooling systems.Oxidiz ing corrosion inhibitors, like nitrates or nitrites, protect metal against corrosion by forming a resistantmetal oxide lm, but they limit uid life by degrading glycols to glycolic acids. WEBA Technology's high-quality inhibitors and additives are free of silicates and contain ingredients to control the negative effectsof ox idiz ing cor rosion inhibitors which are otherwise bene cial. WEBA Technology's heat transfer uids arediluted with deion ized water, elim inat ing the corrosive mineral salts found in city and well water supplies.

The result is greater heat transfer ef ciency, fewer maintenance problems, and longer system life.


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Applications All-Aluminum Sys tems for Heavy-Duty Indust ri al Ser vice(METALGUARD H80)

METALGUARD H80 is a heat transfer uid additive package that is based on organic acid technology. It was

designed for multi-metal systems and also systems made entirely or partly of aluminum. Traditional heattransfer uids are usually phosphate-based (like uids made with METALGUARD H50), exhibit relativelyhigh pH levels from 9.0-10.7, and protect aluminum at operating temperatures up to a maximum of 150F(65C). While these uids provide good protection for most HVAC systems and other heating/cooling systemsmade primarily of steel with some copper, cast iron and brass, they can cause great damage to all-aluminumsystems operating above 150F, especially all-aluminum boiler systems.

METALGUARD H80s organic acid-based formulation contains no nitrites, amines, borates or phosphatesand provides a pH of 8.0-8.5 in 50% heat transfer uid. It protects all commonly used metals, including alu-minum, up to at least 350F (176C), and it is compatible with most plastics and elastomers.

Heat transfer uids made with METALGUARD H80 can be used in any heating/cooling system but it is thebest choice for high-aluminum-content systems operating above 150F (65C). The organic acid salts usedin METALGUARD H80 coat all metal surfaces for protection from corrosion. Azoles are included to supple-ment soft metal protection (copper, brass, solder and aluminum). Organic acid depletion rates are veryslow, resulting in a uid life at least as long as phosphate-based uids without the necessity of boosting thephosphate content periodically.

Applications - HVAC Ligh t-to-Heavy Duty (METALGUARD H50)

WEBA Technology's light-to-medium and heavy-duty heat transfer uids and additive packages (METALGUARDH50) protect equip ment from cor rosion with their spe cial ly formu lat ed in dus trial in hib itor sys tems. They arewidely used for sec ond ary cooling and heat ing ap plica tions, for freeze and burst pro tec tion of pipes, and fora variety of deicing, de frost ing, and de hu mid ifying applications. Spe ci c func tions include:

HVAC system freeze/burst/corrosion pro tec tion Cold room dehumidifying systems Refrigeration coil defrosting Process cooling Conveyor roller defrosting Ice skating rink refrigeration systems Process heating Air preheating Waste heat recovery Sidewalk snow melting systems Solar heating Refrigeration warehouse oor heating


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At a treat rate of 6% METALGUARD H50 additive package in ethylene glycol is ideal for a wide va riety ofap plica tions. Most common heavy-duty applications are as corrosion-inhibiting coolants for large sta tion aryen gines which drive the com pres sors used in the transmission of natural gas and other prod ucts through

pipe line distribution sys tems. Nitrite can be added to your nished product to meet additional chemical re-quirements of some systems. Uses at the higher treat rate include:

Small eld compression units Utility combustion air preheaters Utilities using LPG bath heaters Line heaters to prevent formation of hy drates in natural gas or other hy dro car bons Electricity-producing engine generator sets in nuclear or conventional power plants, hos pitals, shop-

ping centers, or installations that require standby power Industrial diesel engines that use non-aluminum cooling systems

Appl ications - Food-Grade All Phosphate (METALGUARD H60)

METALGUARD H60 is a specially-formulated heat transfer uid that is used primarily with propylene glycol andis used primarily where it may come into incidental or accidental contact with food/beverage products or drinkingwater may occur. For example it could be used in HVAC systems, re systems, solar heating, refrigeration ware-house oor heating, sidewalk/playing eld subsurface heating/cooling, cold room dehumidi cation systems,cosmetic or pharmaceutical use and it makes an excellent additive package to make RV storage antifreeze.

METALGUARD H60 contains only food grade or USP dipotassium phosphate. All ingredients are clas-sied as GRAS, or generally recognized as safe, by the FDA and acceptable as food additives (Food

Additives Regulations, Subparts 182 and 184). It also meets Food Chemicals Codex (Fourth Edition).

The recommended operating temperature range of METALGUARD H60 is -60F to +350F (-50C to 120C).The lowest temperature to which the nished product can be exposed depends upon the amount of water withwhich the concentrated product is mixed (see table on page 2). METALGUARD H60 can be used to provideboth freezing protection and burst protection for systems which may be exposed to very low temperatures.

Generally, WEBA Technology's heat transfer uids can be used whenever needed to provide freeze pro tec tion,minimize vaporization at high tem per a tures, and protect systems from boiling and cor rosion.


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Burst Protection HVAC Coolants

Burst protection is required in HVAC systems when the system will remain inactive while tem per a turesare below the freezing point of the solution. Inhibited glycol-based coolants pro vide burst protection in thefollowing manner: As the temperature falls below the freezing point of the so lution, ice crystals form in thewater. Con se quent ly, the glycol becomes more concentrated while remaining uid. The result is a owableslush. The uid expands and the excess ows into the available expansion volume in the sys tem, but thesystem must have enough space to allow for the expansion of the ice/slush mix ture. If the glycol con cen -tra tion is adequate, sys tem damage will not occur. A 30% solution of glycol is usually suf cient to achieveburst protection, since slush will continue to exist down to -60 F for ethylene glycol and down to -20 F forpro pylene glycol at this concentration. If ice crystals cannot be permitted to form in the system, or if expansionvolume is in ad e quate, freeze protection is re quired. The glycol solution must be of suf cient concentrationto main tain a freez ing point at least 50 F below the lowest anticipated ambient air tem per a ture in order toachieve ad e quate freeze pro tec tion.

Choose Between Ethylene Glycol-Based andPropylene Glycol-Based Cool ants

The two primary differences between ethylene glycol- and propylene glycol-based coolants are viscosity andtoxicity. Ethylene glycol-based cool ants are less viscous, particularly at lower tem per a tures. They are gen erallypreferred for most heat transfer applications. However, ethylene glycol is classi ed as hazardous by the EPAand DOT. Shipments of over 5,000 pounds in a single container must be placarded and spills of over 5,000pounds must be reported immediately to the appropriate regulatory organization. Propylene gly col-basedcool ants, on the oth er hand, have low acute oral toxicity, in con trast to the mod er ate toxicity of eth ylene

glycol-based cool ants. There fore, they are pre ferred in sit u a tions where there is a pos sibility of contact withdrink ing or ground water, food or beverage products, or where their use is man dat ed by law. They are alsomore ef fec tive in reducing cav ita tion and erosion damage to cylinder liners of wet-sleeve diesel en gines. Itshould also be noted that the freezing points of ethylene glycol/water solutions are generally several de greeslower than those for propylene glycol/water so lutions of the same con cen tra tion.


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Availab le as Concen trate o r Di lution

Although WEBA Technology is primarily in the business of selling additive systems, we can make nishedheat transfer uid concentrates or dilutions on a request basis. The concentrate should be diluted with dis-tilled (or deionized) water to reach the concentration (generally from 30% to 60%) that meets your freezepro tec tion needs. Concentrations greater than 60% reduce the heat trans fer capacity of the system, whilecon cen tra tions less than 30% may not provide adequate pro tec tion from freezing and corrosion. If youdilute an WEBA Technology heat transfer uid with 70% water or more, you will need to add more inhibitorto properly inhibit the additional water. Pre-diluted cool ants are also available in any strength to meet yourre quire ments. These may be de sir able when high-quality dilution water is unavailable, or simply when thetime-saving con ve nience and ac cu ra cy of a pre-diluted product is pre ferred. WEBA Technology will assist youin de ter min ing the best type and concentration of uid for your particular system and operating con ditions.

Inhibitor Package Information

WEBA Technology concentrated solutions of in hib itors and performance-enhancing additives are prov en,high-quality formulations designed to provide maximum protection for equipment and systems from corrosionand glycol degradation by-products. These WEBA Technology products are used in two ways. First, inhibi-tor pack ag es can be added to in-service coolant as needed based on lab ora to ry analysis to greatly prolongthe life of the coolant and reduce long-term maintenance costs. Second, heat transfer uid concentratescan be easily blended as needed by adding in hib itor packages to ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, thuselim inat ing inventory tie-ups of heat transfer uid that will not be used for some time. Restorative additivepackages can be customized to your speci c requirements based upon an analysis of a sample from yoursystem by WEBA Technologys laboratory.

Be sure to review the individual product data sheets for additional information and speci cation information.


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Analytical Services and Tech nical Support

To assist our customers in attaining the longest pos sible coolant life, we will recommend laboratories tosend samples from your nished products and report to you any cor rec tive actions that should be taken.The analysis can in clude evaluation of:

color appearance irregularities glycol concentration and type glycol degradation by-products freeze point pH reserve alkalinity inhibitor types and concentrations water quality ion contamination

We will describe what speci c actions should be tak en if any de ciencies are indicated. These actions mayinclude:

adding glycol to maintain freeze protection increasing the pH adding inhibitor concentrate to restore speci c inhibitor levels and/or the reserve alkalinity

We will also assist you in establishing the capability for conducting uid monitoring tests at your facility.


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General System Design and Equipment Con sid er ations

WEBA Technology heat transfer uids are compatible with standard system materials of construction suchas copper, brass, steel, solder, cast iron, bronze, alu minum, and most plastic piping. Gal va nized steel is notrecommended because the zinc coating will react with the inhibitors in the coolant and cause precipitateforma tion, depletion of inhibitors, and removal of the pro tec tive coating, es pe cial ly at temperatures above100 F. Pre cip ita tion can also cause localized cor rosion.

Centrifugal pumps are commonly used with glycol-based heat transfer uids. Reciprocating pumps are nec- es sary where uids must be pumped at high head pressures. The protection provided by inhibitors per mitpumps, piping, valves, and ttings to be made of ordinary steel or ductile iron. Use of gray iron com po nentsis not recommended.

Most packing and mechanical seals used for water can be used with WEBA Technology heat transfer uids.We recommend that you consult packing and seal manufacturers for materials appropriate to your ap plica- tion and operating temperature range.

WEBA Technology heat transfer uids are compatible with most plastics and elastomers, and generally withany material that can be used with uninhibited glycols. The suitability of a particular elastomer over an tic ipat edtemperature and pressure ranges should be veri ed with the manufacturer before use.

If coatings will be used, options include novalac-based vinyl ester resins, high-bake phenolic resins, polypro- py lene, and polyvinylidine uoride. Check with the manufacturer to ensure suitability before using a coatingfor a particular application and temperature.

Bypass lters are recommended for removal of for eign solids, particularly if the solution water quality fallsshort of the recommended values. Filters made of non-absorbent cotton, ber, or cellulose type materialmay be effective for removing precipitate and sludge.

Use of dissimilar metals in a system may result in galvanic corrosion and is not recommended. This occurswhen the metals are in contact with or near each other in electrolytic solutions. Electrical isolation eliminatesthis problem.


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Water Quality Considerations

If WEBA Technology heat transfer uids are to be diluted with water, attention must be paid to the quality ofthis water. A variety of impurities contained in local water supplies in many areas of the country can re sultin system or engine contamination, damage, and even failure. Total hardness must fall below 300ppm (thecom bined maximum levels of chlorides, sul fates, calcium, and magnesium).

High levels of magnesium and calcium can reduce heat transfer capabilities through the formation of de pos itsand scale and eventually cause engine dam age. High levels of chlorides or sulfates will greatly increasemetal corrosion.

Chloride ions accelerate pitting of cast iron and steel components, and can also attack protective oxide lmson metal parts. They also reduce the ef fec tive ness of corrosion inhibitors and accelerate their de ple tion.

Sulfates also contribute to pitting on cast iron and steel parts. In combination with high levels of cal cium andmagnesium, they contribute to the for ma tion of hard scale, thereby reducing heat transfer ef cien cy andleading to engine damage.

Calcium bicarbonate tends to thermally decompose into calcium carbonate. This deposits on cooling sys temsurfaces, reducing heat transfer ef ciency and plugging heat exchanger tubes. Calcium bi car bon ate is foundat especially high levels in water of the Central Plains states and at moderate levels through out most of therest of the United States.

Central Plains water is also high in dissolved organic solids. These deposit on cooling system walls as cool-ant evaporates, also reducing heat transfer ef cien cy and plugging heat exchangers. Lower levels of organicsolids are found as well throughout most of the country.


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Safety, Handl ing , Storage, and Disposal o f Heat Transfer Fluids

Toxicology - WEBA Technology Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) contain complete toxicological in for ma- tion for all its heat transfer uids. They should be obtained and reviewed, prior to product use, to learn the

most current health and safety information re lat ed to the use of these heat transfer

uids.

Flammability - When mixed with water, WEBA Technology heat transfer uids are not ammable becausethey have no measurable ash point in concentrations up to 80% glycol. Undiluted WEBA Technology heattransfer uids have a ash point of 230 F. Solutions of glycol can ignite if enough water has evaporated andthe con cen tra tion of glycol exceeds 80%.

Storage - WEBA Technology heat transfer uids can be safely stored in most circumstances since thema te rials do not readily solidify, have high ash points, and are safe to handle. However, sparks or amesshould be avoided during transfer or processing op er a tions because undiluted glycols can ignite. Tank truckshipments can be transferred to storage tanks or clean drums. METALGUARD H50 and METALGUARD

H60 should always be stored above 70 F. If for any reason they are allowed to get colder than 50 F someof the ingredients may fall out of solution. In this case the drum will need to be heated to around 85 F andstired prior to use.

Tank Storage - Ordinary steel tanks are satisfactory for storing WEBA Technology heat transfer uids, al thoughlong-term storage can result in some discoloration from iron contamination. As condensation occurs in thevapor space, the presence of oxygen and the ab sence of inhibitor can lead to rusting. This can be minimizedby closing all vents and installing breath er type vents and pressure relief systems to seal out air and oxygenwhile protecting the tank from overpressurization. If this is not possible, coatings can be used to protect thevapor space in tanks. If storage temperatures above 10 F cannot be maintained, high viscosity can causefreezing or pumping prob lems. The use of insulation and heat will avoid these problems.

Drum Storage - WEBA Technology heat transfer uids can be stored in the drums in which they are shipped.Because glycols are hygroscopic (water attracting), water should be prevented from contaminating the drums.If temperatures are anticipated to fall below 50 F, drums should be stored in a heated building to preventfreezing or pumping problems.

Environmental Considerations Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol have been found to be biodegradableand should not concentrate in common water systems. However, ethylene glycol has been classi ed as ahaz ard ous material by the US EPA and DOT. Shipments of 5,000 pounds of more in one container must beplacarded, and spills of 5,000 pounds or more must be im me diate ly re port ed to the ap pro priate regulatory

agen cy in your area. The bio chem ical oxygen de mand ap proach es the the oret ical oxygen demand value inthe stan dard 20-day test period for both glycol types. However, since rapid oxygen de ple tion may be harmfulto aquatic organisms, the possibility of spills in lakes or rivers should be avoided. Extensive testing has shownethylene glycol and pro pylene glycol to be vir tually nontoxic to aquatic or gan isms.


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Spill, Leak, and Disposal Procedures - With appropriate safety equipment, common absorbent materialshould be used to soak up small spills. Large spills should be pumped into suitable containers located indiked areas and residual material cleaned up with water. Concentrate can be handled according to local,

state, and federal regulations.

Salvage - If spent uids are not otherwise con tam i nat ed, local regulations usually permit their disposal in localsewage treatment facilities, provided these facilities are noti ed and prepared in advance. Aer obic bacteriaeasily oxidize the uids to carbon di ox ide and water within the usual 20-day test period. Check with local,state, and federal authorities to de ter mine the regulations in your area.

When disposing of the additive packages themselves, be sure to reference the safety data sheet for eachproduct and dispose of accordingly.


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SECTION 1

Physical Properties and Engineering Data for WEBA Technology'sEth ylene Glycol-Based Heat Trans fer Fluids

Figure 1: Freezing points of aqueous solutions of ethyleneglycol-based heat transfer uid products. 18

Figure 2: Boiling points of aqueous solutions of ethyleneglycol-based heat trans fer uid products. 19

Figure 3: Typical concentrations of ethylene glycol heat transfer uidsre quired to provide freeze and burst protectionat various temperatures. 20

Figure 4: Ethylene glycol concentration versus freezing points andboiling points. 21

Figure 5: Graph - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of WEBA Corp eth ylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. 22

Figure 6: Chart - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of WEBA Corp eth ylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. 23

Figure 7: Graph - Speci c heat of aqueous solutions of ethyleneglycol-based heat transfer uids. 24

Figure 8: Chart - Speci c heat of aqueous solutions of ethyleneglycol-based heat transfer uids. 25

Figure 9: Film coef cients for ethylene glycol-based heat transferuids at 30 percent (volume). 26

Figure 10: Film coef cients for ethylene glycol-based heattransfer uids at 40 percent (volume). 27



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Figure 1

Freezing points of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's ethylene and propylene glycol-based heattrans fer uid prod ucts.

Freezing Point

The freezing points for glycols are the temperatures at which ice crystals rst form. Below these temperatures, a slushysolution of glycol ice crystals and liquid will still permit ow and provide coolant protection. However, as the temperaturedecreases, the slush becomes more and more viscous until solid freezing takes place.

+4.4

-1.1

-6.7

-12.2

-17.8

-23.3

-28.9

-34.5

-40.0

-45.6

-51.1

-56.7

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Heat Transfer Fluid Propylene Glycol

Heat Transfer Fluid Ethylene Glycol

Volume, Percent

T e m p e r a

t u r e , F

+40

+30

+20

+10

0

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

-70


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Figure 2

Boiling points of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's ethylene and propylene glycol-based heat trans feruid prod ucts.

Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point

As liquids vaporize, pressure is exerted which increases as temperature increases. Aqueous solutions of WEBA Tech-nology heat transfer uid products have vapor pressures lower than water and boiling points above water. However,aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology heat transfer uid products have vapor pressures close to that of water becauseof the water in the solution. Actually, the vapor pressure of the glycol by itself is much less.

As a result, these solutions will tend to lose water by evaporation as temperature rises above the dew point. Becauseglycols are hygroscopic (attract water molecules), the uids pick up water molecules from the air and dilute the solu-tion (lowering the boiling point) as the temperature drops below the dew point. Closed systems of course, reduce thispotential problem.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

350

340

330

320

310

300

290

280

270

260

250

240

230

220

210

200




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Note

It is usually prudent to select your required uid concentration by picking a temperature at least 5F below the lowestexpected operating temperature. Note that if you select a solution containing less than 30% glycol, more inhibitor shouldbe added to inhibit the additional water. Consult WEBA Technology for details.

Figure 3

Typical concentrations of WEBA Technology's ethylene glycol heat transfer uids re quired to providefreeze and burst protection at various temperatures.

Percent (Volume) Glycol Concentration Required

For Freeze Protection For Burst Protection

Temperature Heat Transfer Fluid Heat Transfer Fluid F Ethlyene Glycol Ethlyene Glycol

20 16% 11%

10 25 17

0 33 22

-10 39 26 -20 44 30

-30 48 30

-40 52 30

-50 56 30

-60 60 30


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WEBA Technology Corp Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 4

Ethylene Glycol Concentration versus Freezing Points and Boiling Points

Wt. %Ethylene

Glycol

Vol. %Ethylene

Glycol

Wt. %HTF-EG

Vol. %HTF-EG

FreezingPoint

F

Boiling PointF @

760 mm Hg

RefractiveIndex72 F

0.05.0

10.015.0

0.04.48.9

13.6

0.05.2

10.515.7

0.04.69.3

14.2

32.029.426.222.2

212213214215

1.33281.33781.34281.3478

20.021.022.023.0

18.119.220.121.0

20.922.023.024.1

19.020.121.022.0

17.916.815.914.9

216216216217

1.35301.35401.35511.3561

24.025.026.027.0

22.022.923.924.8

25.126.227.228.3

23.024.025.026.0

13.712.711.410.4

217218218218

1.35721.35821.35931.3603

28.029.030.031.0

25.826.727.728.7

29.330.431.432.5

27.028.029.030.2

9.28.06.75.4

219219220220

1.36141.36241.36351.3646

32.033.034.035.0

29.630.631.632.6

33.534.635.636.6

31.032.033.134.1

4.22.91.4-0.2

220220220221

1.36561.36671.36781.3688

36.037.038.039.0

33.534.535.536.5

37.738.739.840.8

35.136.137.238.2

-1.5-3.0-4.5-6.4

221221221221

1.36991.37091.37201.3730

40.041.042.043.0

37.538.539.540.5

41.942.944.045.0

39.340.341.442.4

-8.1-9.8

-11.7-13.5

222222222223

1.37411.37521.37631.3774

44.045.046.047.0

41.542.543.544.5

46.147.148.249.2

43.544.545.546.6

-15.5-17.5-19.8-21.6

223224224224

1.37851.37961.38071.3817

48.049.050.051.0

45.546.647.648.6

50.251.352.453.4

47.648.849.850.9

-23.9-26.7-28.9-31.2

224224225225

1.38281.38381.38491.3859

52.053.054.055.0

49.650.651.652.7

54.555.556.457.6

51.953.054.055.2

-33.6-36.2-38.8-42.0

225226226227

1.38691.38791.38901.3900

56.057.058.059.0

53.754.755.756.8

58.659.760.761.8

56.257.358.359.5

-44.7-47.5-50.0-52.7

227228228229

1.39101.39211.39311.3942

60.065.070.075.0

57.862.868.373.6

62.868.073.378.5

60.565.871.577.1

-54.9***

230235242248

1.39521.40031.40551.4107

80.085.090.095.0

78.984.389.795.0

83.889.094.299.5

82.688.393.999.5

-52.2-34.5-21.6-3.0

255273285317

1.41591.42081.42551.4300

Freeze points are below -60 F

2


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Figure 5

Thermal conductivity (Btu/(hr ft2)(F /ft)) of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's eth ylene glycol-basedheat trans fer uids. (volume percent ethylene glycol)


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Figure 6Thermal conductivity (Btu/(hr ft2)( F/ft)) of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer fluids(volume percent ethylene glycol).

Volume Percent Ethylene Glycol

Temp. F

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

-30-20-10

010 0.238

0.2160.220

0.1930.1970.2000.204

0.1780.1810.1840.1860.176

0.1670.1700.1720.1740.176

0.1580.1600.1610.1630.164

0.1510.1520.1530.154

2030405060

0.3280.3350.341

0.2940.3000.3050.311

0.2640.2690.2740.2790.284

0.2430.2470.2510.2550.259

0.2240.2270.2310.2340.237

0.2070.2100.2120.2150.218

0.1910.1940.1960.1980.200

0.1780.1800.1820.1830.185

0.1660.1670.1690.1700.171

0.1550.1560.1570.1580.159

708090

100110

0.3470.3520.3580.3620.367

0.3160.3290.3250.3290.333

0.2880.2920.2960.2990.302

0.2630.2660.2690.2720.275

0.2400.2430.2460.2480.251

0.2200.2230.2250.2270.229

0.2020.2040.2060.2080.209

0.1860.1880.1890.1900.192

0.1720.1730.1740.1750.176

0.1600.1610.1610.1620.163

120130140150160

0.3710.3740.3780.3810.384

0.3360.3390.3420.3450.347

0.3050.3080.3110.3130.315

0.2770.2800.2820.2840.285

0.2530.2550.2560.2580.259

0.2300.2320.2330.2350.236

0.2100.2120.2130.2140.215

0.1930.1940.1950.1960.197

0.1770.1780.1790.1800.180

0.1630.1640.1650.1650.166

170180190200

210

0.3860.3880.3890.391

0.391

0.3490.3510.3520.353

0.354

0.3160.3180.3190.320

0.321

0.2870.2880.2890.290

0.291

0.2610.2620.2630.263

0.264

0.2370.2380.2390.240

0.240

0.2160.2170.2180.218

0.219

0.1970.1980.1990.199

0.200

0.1810.1810.1820.182

0.183

0.1660.1670.1670.168

0.1680.265 0.240 0.2190.219

0.2000.2000.200

220230240250

0.3920.3920.3920.392

0.3550.3550.3550.354

0.3210.3220.3220.321

0.2910.2910.2910.291

0.2650.2650.265

0.2410.2410.241

0.2190.220 0.201

0.1830.1830.1840.184

0.1680.1690.1690.169

= Above atmospheric boiling point

23


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Figure 7

Speci c heat (Btu/(lb F)) of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's ethylene glycol-based heat trans feruids. (vol ume percent ethylene glycol)


25/42

Appendix - Additive Technologies Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 8Specific Heat (Btu/(lb F)) of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer fluids.

Volume Percent Ethylene Glycol

Temp. F

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

-30-20-10

010 0.849

0.7990.803

0.7390.7440.7490.754

0.6800.6860.6920.6980.703

0.6250.6310.6380.6440.651

0.5670.5740.5810.5880.595

0.5150.5230.5300.538

2030405060

1.0041.0011.000

0.9400.9430.9450.947

0.8970.9000.9030.9060.909

0.8530.8570.8610.8640.868

0.8080.8120.8160.8210.825

0.7590.7650.7700.7750.780

0.7090.7150.7210.7270.732

0.6570.6640.6700.6760.683

0.6030.6100.6170.6240.631

0.5460.5530.5610.5690.576

708090

100110

0.9990.9980.9980.9980.998

0.9500.9500.9540.9570.959

0.9120.9150.9180.9220.925

0.8720.8760.8800.8830.887

0.8300.8340.8390.8430.848

0.7850.7900.7950.8000.806

0.7380.7440.7500.7560.761

0.6890.6960.7020.7090.715

0.6380.6450.6520.6590.666

0.5840.5920.6000.6070.615

120130140150160

0.9980.9990.9991.0001.001

0.9610.9640.9660.9680.971

0.9280.9310.9340.9370.940

0.8910.8950.8980.9020.906

0.8520.8570.8610.8650.870

0.8110.8160.8210.8260.831

0.7670.7730.7790.7850.790

0.7210.7280.7340.7410.747

0.6730.6800.6870.6940.702

0.6230.6300.6380.6460.654

170180190200210

1.0021.0031.0041.0051.007

0.9730.9750.9780.9800.982

0.9430.9460.9490.9520.955

0.9100.9130.9170.9210.925

0.8740.8790.8830.8880.892

0.8360.8420.8470.8520.857

0.7960.8020.8080.8130.819

0.7540.7600.7660.7730.779

0.7090.7160.7230.7300.737

0.6610.6690.6770.6840.692

0.897 0.862 0.8250.831 0.7860.7920.799

220230240250

1.0081.0101.0121.014

0.9850.9870.9890.992

0.9580.9610.9640.967

0.9290.9320.9360.940

0.9010.9050.910

0.8670.8720.877

0.8370.842 0.805

0.7440.7510.7580.765

0.7000.7080.7150.723


25


26/42


27/42


Figure 10

Film coef cients for WEBA Technology heat trans fer uids at 40% (volume) ethylene glycol.


28/42


Figure 11

Film coef cients for WEBA Technology's heat trans fer uids at 50% (volume) ethylene glycol.


29/42


SECTION 2

Physical Properties and Engineering Data for WEBA Technology'sPro py lene Glyco l-Based Heat Trans fer Fluids

Figure 1: Freezing points of aqueous solutions of pro py leneglycol-based heat transfer uid products. 30

Figure 2: Boiling points of aqueous solutions of propyleneglycol-based heat trans fer uid products. 31

Figure 3: Typical concentrations of propylene glycol heattransfer uids re quired to provide freeze and burst protectionat various temperatures. 32

Figure 4: Propylene glycol concentration versus freezing points andboiling points. 33

Figure 5: Graph - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of WEBA Corp concentrated propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. 34

Figure 6: Graph - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of WEBA Corp 70% heavy duty propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. 35

Figure 7: Chart - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of WEBA Corp propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. 36

Figure 8: Graph - Speci c heat of aqueous solutions ofconcentrated propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. 37

Figure 9: Graph - Speci c heat of aqueous solutions of70% heavy duty propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. 38

Figure 10: Chart - Speci c heat of aqueous solutions ofpropylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. 39





30/42


31/42


Figure 2

Boiling points of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's ethylene and propylene glycol-based heat trans feruid prod ucts.

Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point

As liquids vaporize, pressure is exerted which increases as temperature increases. Aqueous solutions of WEBA Tech-nology heat transfer uid products have vapor pressures lower than water and boiling points above water. However,aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology heat transfer uid products have vapor pressures close to that of water becauseof the water in the solution. Actually, the vapor pressure of the glycol by itself is much less.

As a result, these solutions will tend to lose water by evaporation as temperature rises above the dew point. Becauseglycols are hygroscopic (attract water molecules), the uids pick up water molecules from the air and dilute the solu-tion (lowering the boiling point) as the temperature drops below the dew point. Closed systems of course, reduce thispotential problem.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

350

340

330

320

310

300

290

280

270

260

250

240

230

220

210

200




32/42


Note

It is usually prudent to select your required uid concentration by picking a temperature at least 5F below the lowestexpected operating temperature. Note that if you select a solution containing less than 30% glycol, more inhibitor shouldbe added to inhibit the additional water. Consult WEBA Technology for details.

Percent (Volume) Glycol Concentration Required

For Freeze Protection For Burst Protection

Temperature Heat Transfer Fluid Heat Transfer Fluid F Propylene Glycol Propylene Glycol

20 18% 12%

10 29 20

0 36 24

-10 42 28 -20 46 30

-30 50 33

-40 54 35

-50 57 35

-60 60 35

Figure 3

Typical concentrations of WEBA Technology's propylene glycol heat transfer uids re quired to provide freezeand burst protection at various temperatures.


33/42


34/42


35/42


Figure 6

Thermal conductivity (Btu/(hr ft2)(F/ft)) of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's propylene glycol-based70% heavy duty heat trans fer uid. (volume percent propylene glycol)


36/42


Figure 7Thermal conductivity (Btu/(hr ft2)( F/ft)) of aqueous solutions of propylene glycol-based heat transfer fluids.

Volume Percent Propylene Glycol

Temp. F

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

-30-20-10

010 0.235

0.2110.215

0.1880.1910.1940.196

0.1710.1740.1760.1780.179

0.1590.1600.1610.1620.163

0.1470.1480.1480.1490.149

0.1370.1370.1360.1360.136

2030405060

0.3280.3350.341

0.2930.2990.3040.310

0.2620.2670.2720.2770.281

0.2390.2430.2470.2510.254

0.2180.2220.2250.2270.230

0.1990.2010.2040.2060.208

0.1810.1830.1840.1860.187

0.1640.1650.1660.1670.168

0.1500.1500.1500.1500.150

0.1360.1350.1350.1350.134

708090

100110

0.3470.3520.3580.3620.367

0.3150.3190.3230.3270.331

0.2850.2890.2920.2950.298

0.2580.2610.2630.2660.268

0.2330.2350.2370.2390.241

0.2100.2110.2130.2140.215

0.1880.1890.1900.1910.192

0.1680.1690.1690.1700.170

0.1510.1510.1510.1510.151

0.1340.1340.1330.1330.132

120130140150160

0.3710.3740.3780.3810.384

0.3340.3380.3400.3430.345

0.3010.3040.3060.3080.309

0.2700.2720.2740.2760.277

0.2430.2440.2450.2460.247

0.2170.2180.2180.2190.220

0.1930.1930.1940.1940.194

0.1700.1700.1710.1710.171

0.1500.1500.1500.1500.150

0.1320.1310.1310.1300.130

170180190200210

0.3860.3880.3890.3910.391

0.3470.3480.3500.3510.351

0.3110.3120.3130.3140.314

0.2780.2790.2800.2800.280

0.2480.2490.2490.2490.249

0.2200.2210.2210.2210.221

0.1950.1950.1950.1940.194

0.1710.1700.1700.1700.169

0.1490.1490.1480.1480.147

0.1290.1290.1280.1270.127

0.249 0.220 0.1940.193

0.1690.1680.168

220230240250260

0.3920.3920.3920.3920.391

0.3520.3520.3510.3510.359

0.3140.3140.3140.3140.313

0.2800.2800.2800.2790.278

0.2490.2490.2480.247

0.2200.2200.2190.218

0.1930.1920.191

0.1670.166

0.1470.1460.1460.145

0.1260.1250.1250.124

270280290300310

0.3890.3880.3860.3840.381

0.3490.3470.3460.3440.341

0.3120.3100.3090.3070.305

0.2770.2760.2750.2730.271

0.2460.2450.2440.2420.241

0.2170.2160.2150.2140.212

0.1910.1900.1880.1870.186

0.1660.1650.1640.1630.162

320325

0.3780.376

0.3390.337

0.3020.301

0.2690.268

0.2390.238

0.2110.210

0.1850.184

0.1600.160


36


37/42


38/42


Figure 9

Speci c Heat (Btu/(lb F/ft))of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's propylene glycol-based con cen trateand 70% heavy duty heat trans fer uid. (volume percent propylene glycol)


39/42


Figure 10

Specific Heat (Btu/(lb F)) of aqueous solutions of propylene glycol-based heat transfer fluids.

Volume Percent Propylene Glycol

Temp. F

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

-30-20-10

010 0.882

0.8270.832

0.7580.7640.7700.776

0.6840.6910.6980.7050.712

0.6080.6160.6250.6330.641

0.6150.6230.6300.6370.645

0.5420.5500.5580.5660.574

2030405060

1.0041.0011.000

0.9690.9700.9720.973

0.9290.9320.9350.9370.940

0.8860.8900.8940.8970.901

0.8370.8420.8470.8520.857

0.7820.7880.7940.8000.806

0.7190.7270.7340.7410.748

0.6490.6580.6660.6740.682

0.6520.6600.6670.6740.682

0.5830.5910.5990.6070.615

708090

100110

0.9990.9980.9980.9980.998

0.9750.9760.9780.9790.981

0.9430.9450.9480.9510.953

0.9050.9090.9130.9160.920

0.8620.8670.8710.8760.881

0.8120.8180.8240.8300.836

0.7550.7620.7690.7760.783

0.6910.6990.7070.7150.724

0.6890.6960.7040.7110.718

0.6230.6310.6390.6470.656

120130140150160

0.9980.9990.9990.1001.001

0.9820.9840.9850.9870.988

0.9560.9590.9610.9640.967

0.9240.9280.9320.9350.939

0.8860.8910.8960.9010.906

0.8420.8480.8540.8600.866

0.7910.7980.8050.8120.819

0.7320.7400.7480.7560.765

0.7260.7330.7400.7480.755

0.6640.6720.6800.6880.696

170180190

200210

1.0021.0031.004

1.0051.007

0.9900.9910.993

0.9940.996

0.9690.9720.975

0.9770.980

0.9430.9470.951

0.9540.958

0.9110.9160.920

0.9250.930

0.8720.8780.884

0.8900.896

0.8260.8330.840

0.8470.855

0.7730.7810.789

0.7980.806

0.7620.7700.777

0.7840.792

0.7040.7120.720

0.7290.7370.935 0.902 0.862

0.8690.8140.8220.831

220230240250260

1.0081.0101.0121.0141.017

0.9970.9990.1000.0021.005

0.9830.9850.9880.9910.993

0.9620.9660.9700.9730.977

0.9400.9450.9500.955

0.9080.9140.9200.926

0.8760.8830.890

0.8390.847

0.7990.8060.8140.821

0.7450.7530.7610.769

270280290300310

1.0191.0221.0251.0291.032

1.0081.0111.0131.0161.019

0.9960.9991.0011.0041.007

0.9810.9850.9890.9920.996

0.9600.9650.9690.9740.979

0.9320.9380.9440.9500.956

0.8970.9040.9120.9120.926

0.8550.8640.8720.8800.888

320325

1.0361.038

1.0221.025

1.0091.011

1.0001.002

0.9840.987

0.9620.965

0.9330.936

0.8970.901


39


40/42


Figure 11

Film coef cients for WEBA Technology's heat trans fer uids at 30% (volume) propylene glycol.


41/42


Figure 12



42/42


Figure 13


Documents

HTF Manual