Hsu 8 Materials Science Powerpoint Ab

7/29/2019 Hsu 8 Materials Science Powerpoint Ab

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Design for EngineeringUnit 8 Material Science

and Engineering

Annette Beattie

August 15, 2006

Materials ScienceETP 2006 Annette Beattie

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science

Foundation under Grant No. 0402616. Any opinions, findings and

conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the

author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National ScienceFoundation (NSF).


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What are Materials?

Thats easy! Look around.

Our clothes are made of materials, our

homes are made of materials - mostly

manufactured. Glass windows, vinyl

siding, metal silverware, ceramic dishes

Most things are made from many different

kinds of materials.


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Kinds of Materials

Metals: are materials that are normallycombinations of "metallic elements". Metalsusually are good conductors of heat andelectricity. Also, they are quite strong butmalleable and tend to have a lustrous look whenpolished.

Ceramics: are generally compounds betweenmetallic and nonmetallic elements. Typically theyare insulating and resistant to high temperaturesand harsh environments. (MSECRC, 2006)


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Kinds of Materials

Plastics: (or polymers) are generally organiccompounds based upon carbon and hydrogen.They are very large molecular structures.Usually they are low density and are not stableat high temperatures.

Semiconductors: have electrical propertiesintermediate between metallic conductors andceramic insulators. Also, the electrical propertiesare strongly dependent upon small amounts ofimpurities. (MSECRC, 2006)


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Kinds of Materials

Composites: consist of more than one

material type. Fiberglass, a combination of

glass and a polymer, is an example.

Concrete and plywood are other familiarcomposites. Many new combinations

include ceramic fibers in metal or polymer

matrix. (MSECRC, 2006)


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Newer Branches of Materials

Science Nanotechnology: a relatively new area grown

out of techniques used to manufacturesemiconductor circuits. Machines can beproduced on a microscopic level. Example -miniature robots to do surgery inside the body orminiature chemical laboratories and instrumentsthat will continuously analyze blood anddispense medications inside the body. (VCSU, 2006)


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Materials Science

Defined as the study of the properties of

solid materials and how those properties

are determined by a materials

composition and structure. (VCSU, 2006)


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Materials Science

Example - the dramatic role of iron throughout

the ages is not really the result of it being

"strong". In reality, iron has been important

because we can change its properties byheating and cooling it.

The ability to change the properties and/or

behavior of a material is what makes most

materials useful and this is at the heart ofmaterials science! (MSECRC, 2006)


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Materials Science and

Engineering

An interdisciplinary study that combines

metallurgy, physics, chemistry, and

engineering to solve real-world problems

with real-world materials in an acceptablesocietal and economical manner. (VCSU, 2006)


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Engineering

The following elements and their

interaction define Materials Science and

Engineering:

Performance

Properties

Structure and composition

Synthesis and processing (VCSU, 2006)


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Engineering

The engineering of fantastic new materials

is not a given, but a natural outgrowth. It

is here that science and engineering

almost touch. (VCSU, 2006)


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Materials Testing

Materials testing is a much narrower field

than materials science or engineering.

It is determining the strength of certain

materials.

It is mostly used to determine safety. Ex.

concrete samples are tested.

It is not used to design new materials to be

used in new applications. (VCSU, 2006)


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History of Materials

Even our history has been defined by thematerials we use

The stone age

The copper age The bronze age

The iron age

What would be a good material name for today? (MSECRC, 2006)


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Man has been studying materials since

before leaving the cave.

Due to lack of communication, early man

spent hundreds of millennia experimenting

with stone tools.

The first metal tools appeared perhaps

only six thousand years ago.


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The discovery of Iceman in the Alps in

1991 gave significant information on early

Copper age. He was carrying a copper

axe.

It is dated at about 5300 years, when the

first pyramids were built.


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As our knowledge of materials grows, so

does the sophistication of our tools.

The more sophisticated our tools, the

more sophisticated our accomplishments.


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Sources

The Materials Science & Engineering Career Resource Center. Retrieved from the

following web site on October 29, 2006: http://www.crc4mse.org/what/Index.html

Valley City State University. (2006). Technology education 660 design for

engineering unit 8 reading assignment. Retrieved August 15, 2006 from the website:

http://www.vcsu.edu
http://www.crc4mse.org/what/Index.htmlhttp://www.vcsu.edu/http://www.vcsu.edu/http://www.crc4mse.org/what/Index.html


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Standards

Standard #2: Students will develop an understanding of the core concepts of

technology.

2.CC New technologies create new processes.

Standard #3: Students will develop an understanding of the relationships among

technologies and the connections between technology and other fields of study.

3.H Technological innovation often results when ideas, knowledge, or skills are shared within

a technology, among technologies, or across other fields.

3.J Technological progress promotes the advancement of science and mathematics.

Standard #7: Students will develop an understanding of the influence of technology

on history.

7.H The evolution of civilization has been directly affected by, and has in turn affected, the

development and use of tools and materials.

7.K The Iron Age was defined by the use of iron and steel as the primary materials for tools.

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Hsu 8 Materials Science Powerpoint Ab