TEMPLATE UPDATED DECEMBER 2020TITLE MUST BE IN ALL CAPS, IN SINGLE SPACE,

INVERTED PYRAMID STYLE,CENTERED

A Thesis/Dissertation By

STUDENT NAMEORCID iD: 0000-0000-0000-0000

California State University, FullertonSemester, Year

___________________________________________

In partial fulfillment of the degree:Proper Degree Name

Department:Proper Department Name

Committee:Tuffy T. Titan, Department of Xxxxxxxxx, ChairSuzy Q. Snowflake, Department of XxxxxxxxxJoe Bag-O’Donuts, Department of Xxxxxxxxx

DOI:Please Leave Blank. Will be completed upon publishing.

Keywords:Include up to six keywords, separated by commas

Abstract:Type or paste your abstract here. An abstract is required for all manuscripts and absolutely

must fit between here and the end of the page, which is roughly 250 words. You may use multiple paragraphs. Your text should be single-spaced and 12 pt., with exactly these margins and indents. Please do not adjust spacing anywhere else on the page. Abstracts that do not fit on this page will require editing.

Your abstract should be a short summary of what your paper is about. Imagine it as the answer to the question: “What is your paper all about, anyway?” Your abstract may not contain citations or bolded headings like “METHODS.”

© YEAR, STUDENT NAME, CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................................ iii

LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................................... iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.................................................................................................................. v

Chapter1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................ 1

This Document as a Visual Example.......................................................................................... 1This Document as a Requirements Resource............................................................................ 1This Document as Your Final Submitted Document................................................................... 1

2. USING THIS DOCUMENT......................................................................................................... 2

Using Styles............................................................................................................................... 2Pasting into the Template........................................................................................................... 2

Keep Text Only..................................................................................................................... 2Keep Source Formatting....................................................................................................... 2

3. SUBHEADINGS......................................................................................................................... 3

Primary Subheadings................................................................................................................. 3Secondary Subheadings....................................................................................................... 3We Can Have Zero or Two+ Subheadings in a Given Section—Never Exactly One............ 3

Subheadings and Your Tables of Contents................................................................................ 3

4. TABLES...................................................................................................................................... 4

Images of Tables........................................................................................................................ 4Examples.................................................................................................................................... 4

5. FIGURES................................................................................................................................... 6

General Formatting.................................................................................................................... 6Captions..................................................................................................................................... 6

6. NUMBERS AND EQUATIONS................................................................................................... 7

Numbers..................................................................................................................................... 7Equations................................................................................................................................... 7

APPENDICES.................................................................................................................................. 8

A. GENERAL APPENDIX GUIDELINES AND EXAMPLE IN-TEXT CITATIONS..................... 8B. PRE-SUBMISSION CHECKLIST.......................................................................................... 9

REFERENCES................................................................................................................................ 10

ii

LIST OF TABLES

Table

1. A Small Table........................................................................................................................ 4

2. A More Complex Table......................................................................................................... 5

iii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure

1. The Style Gallery in Microsoft Word...................................................................................... 2

2. Right click where you would like to paste.............................................................................. 2

3. Alignment options for cells in a table. Click in your table and then click the label marked“Layout” under “Table Tools.” The left cluster of nine options allow you to choose howyour text is aligned................................................................................................................ 5

4. Dogs write terrible papers..................................................................................................... 6

iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This is an optional section in which you may thank friends, mentors, colleagues, supporters,

and/or institutions that supported your research or provided special assistance. If your advisors or

committee members offered routine help, you may omit them entirely.

Observe the same formatting guidelines for this section, including margins and double-

spacing. It must match the main text.

v

1CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Welcome to the CSUF Thesis/Dissertation Template. This document is meant to be three

things: 1. A visual example of what a final work should look like; 2. A guide to formatting

requirements; 3. The document into which content must be copied for final submission. Equally

important to this document is the Thesis Manual. The Manual has definitions and submission info and

is required reading for thesis students. The Manual defines what a thesis/dissertation is and how to

submit it; the Template describes how it is formatted.

This Document as a Visual Example

This paper represents what a final paper looks like. Your final paper must look exactly like this

template, differing only in terms of content. Requirements include the location and formatting of page

numbers, margins, headings and subheadings, figure captions, table titles, etc.

This Document as a Requirements Resource

This document contains comments that explain formatting details and note common errors,

and the text of this paper also has explicit instructions on how to format your work. Be sure to read

this document thoroughly. Some comments may have information redundant to the body text, in

which case it is repeated for emphasis.

Briefly: Chapters 1 and 2 are an introduction and guide to how to use this document. Chapters

3-6 have instructions for tables, figures, and numbers and math, respectively. Appendix A

summarizes what appendices are and has example APA and IEEE in-text citations, and Appendix B

has a checklist to go through before submission.

This Document as Your Final Submitted Document

This Word file must be the final submitted document sent to the Office of Graduate Studies for

proofing. You must modify this file to contain your final contents, rather than modifying another file to

resemble this one. This template’s formatting will help make your paper perfect, but ultimately, you

alone are responsible for your paper meeting all requirements.

2CHAPTER 2

USING THIS DOCUMENT

This word file is the final document to be submitted to Graduate Studies. Do not submit

another document that you have formatted to resemble this document. Always keep a clean copy of

this Template for reference.

Using Styles

Styles in Word allow you to change text to a pre-determined format. At the top of the Word

window is the Style Gallery (Figure 1), with Styles like “Normal,” “Heading 1,” and “References.”

Highlight a heading in your paper and click Heading 1, and your text should be correctly formatted.

Figure 1. The Style Gallery in Microsoft Word.

Pasting into the Template

Keep Text Only

Keep Text Only keeps the text from a source without copying the formatting. When pasting into

this template from an outside source, right click and select the final option under Paste (Figure 2).

Figure 2. Right click where you would like to paste and select Keep Text Only, highlighted here.

Keep Source Formatting

Keep Source Formatting keeps the formatting from your original document. In general, only

use Keep Source Formatting when copying and pasting from one part of the Template to another.

3CHAPTER 3

SUBHEADINGS

All styles (APA, Chicago, IEEE, etc.) must use the subheading format shown in this chapter.

Primary Subheadings

Primary Subheadings should be centered, title-cased, and bolded. If your title goes onto two

lines, it should be single-spaced with one blank single-spaced line before the first line of body-text.

Secondary Subheadings

A Secondary Subheading is a subsection of a Primary Subheading. All subheadings should be

worded in the Table of Contents the same as in the text. The text starts in the line below the

Secondary Subheading. There is no period or other punctuation after a Secondary Subheading. If

secondary Subheadings are used, there should be at least two per Primary Subheading section.

Tertiary Subheadings

This subheading is a subsection of a Secondary Subheading. Both Secondary and Tertiary

Subheadings relate generally to the Primary Subheading, but Tertiary Subheadings are not included

in the Table of Contents. The text starts in the line below the heading, and the heading is italicized.

Refer to APA 7th edition for further subheading levels and appropriate usage.

We Always Have to Be Sure to Have at Least Two or More Subheadingsin a Given Section

We always need either zero or two-plus subheadings within a given section. Here, we have

two Tertiary Subheadings, so we are okay. As with all headings, especially long Tertiary Subheadings

should be broken onto two lines, in which case they are single-spaced.

We Can Have Zero or Two+ Subheadings in a Given Section—Never Exactly One

This template includes Styles (Chapter 1) for Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Subheadings

as Heading 2, Heading 3, and Heading 4. Heading 1 is for section titles.

Subheadings and Your Table of Contents

Your Table of Contents is meant to list your: Sections, Chapters, Primary Subheadings, and

Secondary Subheadings. Please do not include Tertiary Subheadings or beyond.

4CHAPTER 4

TABLES

CSUF does not have comprehensive table requirements, but here are some basics for creating

readable, accessible tables. Note: text never wraps around tables or figures—they have their own

space. All figures and tables need cues ("see Figure 1,” "as seen in Table X,” etc.) preceding them,

but not more than a page or two away. Do not use locational terms like “table below.”

Images of Tables

Images of tables are not permitted. Please use Microsoft Word to create your tables rather

than inserting pictures, screenshots, scans, or other images. This ensures all text is maximally

readable, editable, and accessible. Tables submitted as images must be revised.

Examples

Table 1 is a simple example. The labels in Column 1 are aligned-left, but all other data is

centered within its cell. Each line is its own row in the table: do not use Enter/Return to add rows.

Table 1. A Small Table

Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5

Item 1 Y Y Y Y Y

Item 2 Y Y N N Y

Item 3 Y N N Y Y

Item 4 Y Y Y N Y

In Table 2 we have a header for the first column (“Heading”) with two subheadings and 10

entries (Items 1-10). All cells are centered vertically, and all except the first column are centered

horizontally, too (see Figure 3 for alignment buttons). These items are formatted so that if any are

longer than the rest (i.e., Item 8), all lines after the first will be indented .125 in. After one single-

spaced line below the table is a footnote, and there are two single-spaced lines after the footnote.

5Table 2. A More Complex Table

Column Heading a

Heading Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4

Subheading 1

Item 1 5 2 1 7

Item 2 8 5 1 8

Item 3 9 4 0 9

Item 4 8 1 1 9

Item 5 6 2 1 6

Item 6 7 3 1 8

Subheading 2

Item 7 5 3 1 5

Item 8, which is a much longer item than the rest, has a hanging indent 9 2 1 6

Item 9 5 1 0 5

Item 10 13 4 2 10

a – This is a footnote corresponding to “Column Heading”

Figure 3. Alignment options for cells in a table. Click your table and then click the label marked “Layout” under “Table Tools.” The left cluster of nine options allow you to choose how your text is aligned.

Note that the numbers in Table 2 are horizontally centered. This is perfectly acceptable, as is

aligning all numbers by the decimal point. Either way is equally valid as long as you are consistent

throughout your entire paper.

6CHAPTER 5

FIGURES

General Formatting

Spacing for figures is similar to tables, but figures have captions below instead of titles above.

Look back at the previous figures or at Figure 4: notice that we always have two blank single-spaced

lines between the body text and the figure—just like how table titles start on the third blank line. We

also have the same two blank single-spaced lines between the figure caption and the body text.

Figure 4. Dogs write terrible papers. If the caption for this figure was to run onto two lines, we would want to make sure that it is single-spaced with two blank lines afterwards.

Tables and figures should be able to stand alone without any text explanation. All tables and

figures need cues (e.g., “See Figure X,” “in Table Y,” etc.) within a page or two preceding the figure.

Captions

Looking at any of the figures in this paper, you will always see that captions start with “Figure”

and the number, always italicized, then by a period and the rest of the text. Only the “Figure X”

portion of the caption should be italicized. Caption text may be 10 or 12 pt. but must be consistent

across the entire paper.

7CHAPTER 6

NUMBERS AND EQUATIONS

Numbers

When referring to numbers in writing, there are a few things to watch out for.

If a number is 10 or over, we write it as the Arabic number (“12,” “46,” “975”.), unless it is the

first word in a sentence (“Fifty-two is the number of weeks in a year.”).

Numbers nine and under are written as words (“three,” “two”), but with some exceptions:

specific tests/subjects/test components (“test 2,” “week 3,” “subject 8,” “beaker 4”); dates (“5 AD”);

measurements/math (“3 cm,” “20 minutes”, “2 + 2 = 4”); chapters in your paper (“Chapter 2”, “Chapter

3”, “Chapter 4”).

Equations

Equations are numbered similarly to figures and tables, but there is no List of Equations in the

front matter of the paper. Additionally, equations do not need cues, but we should still avoid words

like “below” or “above.” To directly reference an equation, use something like “See Equation X.”

Equation 1 represents an example of how we might format our equations.

A=π r2 (1)

Here, we are using Microsoft Word’s Equations feature, but equations may also be inserted as

images. If you choose to insert your equations as images, please make sure no text is under 10 pt.

font and note that they are still not considered figures.

Equations are double-spaced and indented .5 in on both sides. I have used the right-align

feature to add “(1)” to represent that it is Equation 1. More complex equations may run onto multiple

lines or may be formatted to take up more vertical space, however, I always discourage you from

using spaces to format text. Please use Word’s alignment features and Tab.

8APPENDIX A

GENERAL APPENDIX GUIDELINES ANDIN-TEXT CITATION EXAMPLES

Start typing or paste your first appendix here. The requirements for formatting are much less strict than in the body but still have a few rules. Margins are the same, and Text within appendices must be between 10-12 pt. font and may be single- or double-spaced. If you have just one appendix, remove the letter “A” following “APPENDIX.” All appendices must have titles.

Appendices presented to human participants (e.g., a survey given to participants) should resemble as closely as possible the original. Because of the limitations of matching two formats, it does not need to be identical, but do your best to limit differences. For handouts and materials that may have contact information, black it out before submitting your final paper.

Table A1. Blank Table

Example In-Text CitationsThis appendix will get you started with APA 7 and IEEE in-text citations but is not a substitute

for the official manuals. See the references for these citations in References.APA

There are two kinds of citations in APA: a parenthetical citation (Pooh, 2002) or stating the author(s) is in the sentence, as shown by Pooh (2002). Both are valid, and you may mix and match.

For sources with one author, we will use the last name and year of the reference (Pooh, 2002). You can also instead write the name followed by the year in parentheses, as in Pooh (2002).

For two authors, we use an ampersand (&) when doing a parenthetical citation and the word “and” otherwise. For example, Pooh and Robin (1930) is a perfectly acceptable way to write a citation, or it could be written as a parenthetical (Pooh & Robin, 1930).

Starting in APA 7, for all sources with three or more authors, we write the first author’s last name plus “et al.” every time we cite it. For example: according to Pooh et al. (1993). We do not use a comma between the first author’s last name and “et al.” We could instead do a parenthetical citation, like this (Pooh et al., 1993). If you have multiple “Pooh et al.” citations, consult the APA manual.

If you would like to cite multiple sources in a single sentence, we will list them alphabetically by the first author’s last name, divided by semicolons (Pooh, 2002; Seuss, 1975). All other rules about authors, “et al.,” and punctuation remain the same (Pooh, 2002; Pooh et al., 1993). IEEE

In general, citations in IEEE will appear at the end of sentences in brackets [1]. You may also choose to insert them after each item in a list [2], a series [3], or a recitation of information [5]-[7]. The citations in this chapter correspond to the example reference entries in References.

We start our numbers at [1] and move up from there. Once a source has been cited and numbered, the same number is used for the rest of the paper. When we have multiple citations, we can list them in separate sets of brackets, separated by a comma or a dash [1], [4], [5]-[6]. Use a comma when citing multiple numbers out of sequence, and a dash when citing multiple numbers in a row [1], [3], [4]-[5], [7].

9APPENDIX B

PRE-SUBMISSION CHECKLIST

Front Matter

Title Page info (name, degree, program, committee, date) is correct. Abstract fits on the title page. Table of Contents has all section, level-one and level-two subheadings. Page numbers in the Table of Contents, List of Tables, and List of Figures are all

correct. List of Tables/Figures do not include tables/figures that only appear in

appendices.

Body Text

Each section has 0 or 2+ subheadings (no lone subheadings) (Ch. 3). Subheadings are on the same page as the text immediately following them (Ch.

3). Numbers are written correctly (Ch. 6). All in-text citations meet style requirements.

Tables (Ch. 4) (check for each table)

Table title is single-spaced, title-case, and is on the same page as the table. Table fits within Template margins. Table does not Wrap Text but is instead In-Line with Text. All text is 10 or 12 pt. All text is single-spaced. Bolding is only used to emphasize findings (not in headings, etc.). Table has cue (e.g., “See Table X”).

Figures (Ch. 5) (check for each figure)

Figure caption is single-spaced, sentence-case, and is on the same page as the figure.

Figure fits within Template margins. Figure does not Wrap Text but is instead In-Line with Text. All text is 10 or 12 pt. Figure has cue (e.g., “See Figure Y”).

References

All references use a hanging-indent. No references are listed that are not cited. Every citation has a reference. All references are properly italicized/not italicized based on style manual. All references are properly capitalized/not capitalized based on style manual. All journals have issue numbers if available.

10REFERENCES

Begin your references here. You may title this section (Bibliography, References, Works Cited, etc.) as your committee chooses or as stated in your chosen style manual.

Please see Appendices B for example citations.

If you are comfortable with styles in Microsoft Word, these are formatted “References.” For a quick primer on styles, see Styles in Chapter 2.

All sources must begin flush left, with a hanging indent of .5.” Please do not hit Enter at the end of the first line of each reference—instead, use Word’s Hanging Indent feature.

If you have been using citation management software (e.g., EndNote, Mendeley, Zotero, Word’s built-in citation features), please ensure that your references are static (not changing) and not a field block within the version you submit.

Be sure to proofread your references against your designated documentation style guide.

APA Examples

Journals

Single Author

Pooh, W. T. (2002). Modelling flow and current on a blustery day. The Many Adventures, 11(3), 7-10.

Two Authors

Pooh, W. T., & Robin, C. (1930). Diversion and distraction in honey acquisition markets. Letters on Bees, 16, 23-120.

Three to Twenty Authors

Pooh, W. T., Robin, C., Let, P., Yore, E., & Er, T. I. D. G. (1993). Rumblies, tumblies, and stumblies: Hypo-glycemia in T. ornatus. Endogenic Studies in Ursa, 13(17), 1090-1099.

Books

Basic Book Format

Seuss, D. (1975). Stochasticity and magical thinking: Itemization schemes of Mulberry St. inventories. Fullerton, CA: Unpublishables Ltd.

Part of an Edited Volume

Hat, C. I. T., Things, T. W., & Grinch, T. (1965). Adversarial profiteering and barbaloot-snoot poaching. In D. Seuss & M. Sendack (Eds.), Neutrality in negativity: New perspectives (pp. 107-130). Truffula, XY: Onceler Presses.

11IEEE Examples

Journals

Single Author

[1] W. T. Pooh, “Modelling flow on a blustery day,” The Many Adventures, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 7-10, 2002.

Two Authors

[2] W. T. Pooh and C. Robin, “Diversion and distraction in honey acquisition markets,” Letters on Bees, vol. 16, pp. 23-120, 1930.

Three or More Authors

[3] W. T. Pooh, C. Robin, P. Let, E. Yore, and T. I. D. G. Er, “Rumblies, tumblies, and stumblies: Hypo-glycemia in T. ornatus,” Endogenic Studies in Ursa, vol. 13, no. 17, pp. 1090-1099, 1993.

Books

Basic Book Format

[4] D. Seuss, Stochasticity and Magical Thinking: Itemization Schemes of Mulberry St. Inventories. Fullerton, CA: Unpublishables Ltd, 1975.

Part of an Edited Volume

[5] C. I. T. Hat, T. W. Things, and T. Grinch, “Adversarial barbaloot-snoot poaching,” in Neutrality in Negativity: New Perspectives, D. Seuss and M. Sendack, Eds. Truffula, XY: Onceler Presses, 1965, pp. 107-130.

Conference Proceedings

Published Paper Presented at Conference

[6] S. B. S. Pants, “Pressurization and liquefaction in basalt Moai,” in Proceedings of the International Conference of Invertebrates, 2004, pp. 16-90.

Unpublished Paper Presented at Conference

[7] P. Star, “High density bedrock-based construction techniques,” presented at 5th International Conference on Pentagraphic Life, Fullerton, California, 2000.