Upload
sneha-singh
View
223
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
a report on achievement of MDG 7
Citation preview
ENSURING ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
HRM – B GROUP 2
ANUJ | ANUBHAV | DEVADITYA | PRANEET| RIYA | SNEHA
GOAL 7: Ensure Environment Sustainability
Target 9 : Integrate the principle of sustainable development into country policies and programs and reverse the loss of environmental resources• Proportion of land area covered by forest• Ratio of area protected to maintain biological diversity to surface area• Energy use unit of GDP ( Rupee )• Carbon dioxide emission per capita and consumption of Ozone-depleting CFCs• Proportion of the household using solid fuels
Target 10: Halve, by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation• Proportion of population with sustainable access to an improved water source,
urban and rural• Proportion of population with access to improved sanitation, urban and rural
Target 11: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers• Slum population as percentage of urban population
INDICATORS 25 – 28: LOSS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
21.23% of Geographic area covered by forests• Afforestation activities• Participation of locals for protection measures
• Mining and Developmental activities, • Clearances in encroached areas• Shifting cultivation practices
4.83% of Geographic area is Protected as National Parks, Wildlife Reserves, Conservation Reserves and Community Reserves
Per Capita Energy Consumption(kWh) Energy Intensity (kWh) per Re
• Per Capita CO2 Emission in Million Tonnes(MT) India – 1.58 | Asia - 1.59 | World - 4.51• India’s emission increased steadily during 1990 to 2014
Per Capita CO2 emission (MT) in India
• CFC consumption decreased steadily since 1996 • Implementation of Ozone Depleting Substances
(ODS) Programme as per Montreal Protocol
Consumption of CFCs ODP Tonne in India
POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES AIMING AT SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT
Green India Mission• Launched under Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate
Change• Holistic approach with focus on multiple ecosystem services, like
biodiversity, water, biomass along with carbon sequestration• Linked with MNREGA
National Afforestation Programme• Provides support to Forest Development Agencies to undertake
development with people’s participation
6 National Bureaus for Conservation of Bio Diversity like National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources
Legislative Provisions• Indian Forest Act, 1927• Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972• Environment Protection Act, 1986 • Biological Diversity Act, 2002 • Protection of Plant Varieties & Farmer’s Rights Act, 2001• Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006
National Action Plan on Climate Change • Launched in 2008, identifies 8 core “national missions” runninng
through 2017• National Solar Mission: Aims to promote the development and
use of solar energy for power generation • National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency: Energy
consumption mandates, tax benefits and public private partnerships
• National Mission on Sustainable Habitat: Focus on waste management, public transport and fuel economy standards
• National Water Mission: 20% improvement in water use efficiency
• National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem: Conserve biodiversity, forest cover, and other ecological values in the Himalayan region
• National Mission for Green India: Expanding forest cover from 23% to 33% of India’s territory
• National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture: Support climate adaptation in agriculture
• National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change: Climate Science Research Fund, improved climate modeling, and increased international collaboration.
Global Progress
Green India Mission
Under NAPCC , MoEF launched a comprehensive mission named – ‘National Mission for a Green India’
Climate change responsible for changesIn natural resources of the country
Key innovations: 1. Focus on quality of forests 2. Focus on ecosystem services 3. Focus on democratic decentralization 4. Creating a new cadre of Community Youth as Foresters 5. Adoption of Landscape-based Approach 6. Reform Agenda as conditionality
National Afforestation Programme
Flagship scheme of NAEB
Provides support to FDAs, which in turn are main organs for Joint Forest Management
FDA is federation of JFMCs at Forest Division level to undertake holistic development of forestry sector
Earlier NowFunds were routed through State Govt
Decentralized 2 –tier system ( FDA
and JFMC )Unit of planning : Village
Empowers local people to participate in DM
POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES AIMING AT SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT
Solid Fuel Kerosene LPG/PNG0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2011
2011
INDICATOR 29 : PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLD USING SOLID FUELS
Rural
Urban
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Solid Fuel Use
During 2001-11, there is an increase of 11 points in use of LPG
As of 2011, 67.3 % of households are using solid fuels against 74.3 % in 2001
Solid Fuels Firewood Crop residue Cow dung cake Coal/Lignite/Charcoal
Solid Fuel Kerosene LPG/PNG0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2001
2001
INDICATOR 30 : SUSTAINABLE ACCESS TO AN IMPROVED WATER SOURCE
Sources of Drinking Water
(All India Census-2011)
% of households having access to improved sources of drinking water
Kerala : lowest proportion of households
Total Urban Rural
37.2% 55.6% 29.2%
As per NSS – 69th round ( Jul – Dec 2012 )
Bottled Water Tube well/ borehole
Piped water intodwelling
Protected well
Piped water into yard/plot
Protected spring
Public pipe/ stand pipe Rainwater collection
Improved sources of Drinking Water include
Total Urban Rural
87.8% 90.1 % 86.9 %
82.42 93.63 % 78.39 %
Major Sources Urban (%) Rural (%)
Hand pump/ Tube well 20.8 51.9
Tap 70.6 30.8
Actual
Target
Other concerns : quality, sufficiency and availability of drinking water
Improved sources trend
ACCESS TO DRINKING WATER
STATUS
Availability of sufficient drinking water
Rural India -- 85.8 % Urban India -- 89.6%U.P >> 97.1%
Jharkhand >>70.3%
U.P >> 96.6%
M.P >> 76.2%
Use of treated water ‘by any method’ before drinking
Rural India – 32.3 % Urban India – 54.4%Gujarat - highest (85.4%) proportion of households use
treated drinking water
NATIONAL RURAL WATER DRINKING PROGRAM
To provide every rural person with safe water for
• Drinking
• Cooking
• Other domestic basic needs on a sustainable
basis.
Outlay – Rs. 9000 crore in 2010-11
Target to cover –
• Uncovered Areas
• Quality affected and other habitations
• Households
• Schools with safe and adequate drinking water
GOAL
• Rural population – 86% have access - safe drinking water
• About 11.51 lacs rural habitations are fully covered safe and adequate drinking water
Involvement of:
• Panchayat
• Ownership of communities
• Scientific inst
• Civil society
OUTCOMES
COMPONENTS
COVERAGE - Providing safe & adequate drinking water supply - underserved, partially served habitations. – 45%
Provide potable drinking water to water QUALITY affected habitations. – 20%
SUSTAINABILITY to encourage States to achieve drinking water security at the local level – 20%
OPERATION & MAINTENANCE (O&M) for expenditure on running, repair and replacement costs of drinking water supply projects – 10% and SUPPORT activities – 5%.
Allocation for DESERT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (DDP) areas to tackle low rainfall and poor water availability
Earmarked funds to Mitigate drinking water problems in rural areas in the wake of NATURAL CALAMITIES
NATIONAL RURAL WATER DRINKING PROGRAM
INDICATOR 31: ACCESS TO IMPROVED SANITATION
NO ACCESS TO SANITATION
STATUS
• NSS 2012 revealed -- 43.4% of households at all India level had no latrine facilities.
• Census 2011 revealed -- % of households - access to sanitation facility – improved by 10 % - last decade
• Still more than 50% of the Country’s households have no latrine facility.
• In 2012 - households in rural - 38.8% and urban - 89.6% access to ‘improved source’ of latrine.
• During 2012, Jharkhand had the highest (90.5 %) proportion of households had no latrine facilities
• Promote cleanliness, hygiene and eliminate open defecation.
• Accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas • Achieve - vision of Swachh Bharat -2nd October
2019.• Adopt sustainable sanitation practices and
facilities through awareness creation and health education.
• Encourage technologies for ecologically safe and sustainable sanitation.
• Develop community managed sanitation systems • Focus on scientific Solid & Liquid Waste
Management systems for overall cleanliness in the rural areas.
SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAN (GRAMIN)
GOALS
• Covers all APL households belonging to SCs,
STs, small and marginal farmers, landless
labourers along with all BPL households.
• Incentive of Rs. 3200/- and 1400/- for each
toilet for BPL & APL respectively
• Rs.5400 – Under MGNREA for toilet
construction
• Provision for upto Rs. 200000 for construction
of Community Sanitary Complexes
• Cost share for these complexes between
Centre, State and Community in the ratio of
60:30:10. • .
FEATURES
INDICATOR 32: SLUM POPULATION
DEFINITION OF SLUMS
• According to Census 2011, all areas notified as slums by State, CG, UT, under ‘Slum Act’ are slums but according to NSS 2012, notified areas by municipalities, corporations, local bodies, are notified slums
• Compact area of 300 people at least or 60-70 households with poor infrastructure according to Census, compact settlement with poor conditions according to NSSO
SLUM DWELLERSSLUM FACILITIES
RAJIV AWAS YOJANA
1. Improving and provisioning of housing, basic civic infrastructure and social amenities in intervened slums.
2. Enabling reforms to address some of the causes leading to creation of slums.
3. Facilitating a supportive environment for expanding institutional credit linkages for the urban poor.
4. Institutionalizing mechanisms for prevention of slums including creation of affordable housing stock.
5. Strengthening institutional and human resource capacities at the Municipal, City and State levels through comprehensive capacity building and strengthening of resource networks.
COMPARISON IN MUMBAI
India’s performance on the MDG environment targets has varied
Overall Increase in the area under forest cover, but decrease in some states and biodiversity protection
Has relatively low levels of pollution per capita or per dollar of GDP
Becoming one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases
Forests and biodiversity
Overall increase in forest cover, except some states
Forests have changed from multi-product and multi-layer to timber oriented, limiting gathering of non timber forest products by forest-dependent communities
Focusing particularly on reversing the loss of multi-purpose trees from large forested states and increasing gatherable biomass and non-timber forest products.
Greenhouse gas emissions
Increasing levels of carbon dioxide emissions per head
Gaps in access to sustainable energy and other basic infrastructure
ISSUES (1)
Climate change mitigation
Encouraging the use of LED lights
Emphasis on renewable energy by the Government as non-renewable resources are depleting
Resilience to natural hazards
Needs to scale up its successes to confront all natural hazards including floods which are occurring at increased frequency
Disaster management practices and large scale climate proofing of infrastructure are needed
Inclusive and sustainable cities
Major environmental challenges due to rapid urbanization
Cities face environment related problems such as excessive congestion, unhygienic conditions, poor waste disposal, and lack of green spaces for recreation
Problem of sanitation still exists
ISSUES (2)
Terrestrial and marine ecosystems conservation
Major problem is of pollution of inland rivers and waters
Depleting fresh water sources through melting of Himalayan glaciers and depleting groundwater
Implementation issues
Sanitation facilities built but not utilized(Cultural Barrier)
Limit access to information and low awareness
Government’s Role
Inadequate integration of sustainability into NDP
Ecological and conservation schemes are met with resistance
Policy incoherence and weak institutional environment
Ineffective Implementation practices
ISSUES (3)
• Intensify “Swaccha Bharat Abhiyan”
• Involve stakeholders from the program development stage to implementation
• Facilitate exchange of good practices among state governments
• Scale up awareness-raising programs on sanitation involving communities and local governments
• Prioritize efforts to enable access by all to modern energy, roads, and essential urban and rural infrastructure
• Integrate the business processes to benefit all stakeholders as well as environment
• Inform stakeholders about proactive actions by the firm, undertake projects that offset the current emissions
• Focus approaches to commit to reducing GHG, engage in product development, improve processes, develop new markets and focus on changes within the organization and in the external networks
• Choose sustainable products by improving purchasing practices
• Participate and spread awareness programs among other people especially for the rural areas
• Be open to change• As educators, impart
environment sustainability knowledge as a compulsory part of education
• Follow waste minimization practices and reduce carbon footprint
Government Ownership Corporate Ownership Citizen Ownership
RECOMMENDATIONS
Implement water conservation mechanisms such as timers, stickers visible on taps, putting out buckets to collect rain water
Sort and recycle waste after meals and encourage the use of reusable containers to store snacks and meals
Make a shift in your purchasing pattern by choosing sustainable goods and services
Carpooling or using public transportation more often will reduce transportation costs as well as reduce carbon emissions from cars
Find nonprofit organizations in your area that promote sustainability and join these groups
Carry sustainability programs at workplace and promote these by giving rewards
LET’S TAKE A STEP TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY
Awakening the Dreamer Symposium
Greening in Action(GRINA)
Harvard University’s Initiatives
A transformative educational workshop that explores the
challenges and possibilities of this moment in time and the role
people can play in creating a new future
The Symposium awakens participants to the need for, and
opportunity of, bringing forth a new future for everyone. The half-day program with skilled facilitators
takes place in-person around the United States and in 79 other
countries, and is also available via video that can be watched at your
convenience
Promoting environmental sustainability in learning
institutions through youth led initiatives
It is an environmental accreditation and awards scheme initiated by
ACX an organization that promotes environmental sustainability among
citizens, the public and private sector
First US university to sign agreement with UN-backed organization “Principles for Responsible Investment”
The university is raising funds to launch a Climate Change solution
initiative as well as energy efficiency schemes
Developed to reach out to staff and students from learning institutions
and their stakeholders so as to raise awareness on environmental sustainability and behavioral
changes
It has signed for a Carbon Disclosure Project, an initiative
that pushes businesses to release information on their carbon
footprint
SOME “GOOD” PRACTICES AROUND THE WORLD
eBay eco initiatives Makes it easy for people all over the world to exchange and reuse goods rather than throwing them away, thereby lengthening the lifespan of these products so they don’t wind up as trash
Starbucks Stores Go GreenIntroduced principles of environmental sustainability and green supply chain managementBy focusing on creating “green” stores, Starbucks has been able to reduce both operating costs and the environmental impact of its business practices
Google’s Environmental InnovationsInitiatives such as powering its facilities with renewable energy sources, bringing in goats to trim the grass, and hosting farmer’s markets and sustainable-cooking seminars
Coca-Cola environmental initiativesWorks for water stewardship, sustainable packaging, energy management and climate protection.It’s community water programs are designed to support healthy watersheds and sustainable programs to balance the water used throughout our production process
CORPORATE AND ENVIRONMENT SUSTAINABILITY
THANK YOU