HPV: Vaccination Rates Increase and Infection Rate Decreases

7/27/2019 HPV: Vaccination Rates Increase and Infection Rate Decreases

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CAPITOL FACTS & FIGURES

HEALTH

THE COUN CIL OF STATE GOVER NM ENTS

HPV: Vaccination Rates Increase

and Infection Rate DecreasesHuman papillomavirus, known as HPV, is the most common

sexually transmitted infection in the United States and a

principal cause of cervical cancer. About 79 million Americans, the majority of whom are

in their late teens or early 20s, are infected with HPV.1

Most people who become infected dont even know

it. In many cases, those infected do not develop any

symptoms and the bodys immune system clears HPV

naturally in about 90 percent of cases.

About 40 types of HPV can infect both men and

women. Most HPV types cause no symptoms and go

away on their own. But some types are associated with

several kinds of cancers and can cause genital warts in

both men and women.2

The Food and Drug Administration has approved, and the

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recommend-

ed, two HPV vaccinesCervarix and Gardasil. Both prevent

certain types of HPV that cause cervical cancer in women.3 Cervarix prevents two HPV types, 16 and 18, which

cause 70 percent of cervical cancers.

Gardasil prevents four HPV types: HPV 16 and 18, and

HPV 6 and 11, which cause 90 percent of genital warts.4

Gardasil also protects males against most genital warts

and anal cancers.

Both vaccines are highly effective in preventing the

targeted HPV types, as well as the most common

health problems caused by them.5

The HPV vaccine is given in a series of three doses and

the best way to get protected is to complete all three

doses before becoming sexually active.

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Prac-

tices recommends administering the vaccine to girlsbetween ages 11 and 12, before they become sexually

active.

The advisory committee also recommends the vaccine

for boys between ages 11 and 12 and in men ages 22-26

if they have not been previously vaccinated.

In 2011, 53 percent of females in the United States

ages 13 to 17 had received one or more doses, accord-

ing to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

data; thats an increase from 44.3 percent in 2009.

The number of teenage girls who have been vaccinated has

increased in the U.S. since 2009. Over a two-year period, from 2009 to 2011, the per-

centage of girls 13 to 17 with at least one dose of theHPV vaccine increased by almost 20 percent in the

U.S.

During the same time period, the percentage of girls

13 to 17 who received all three doses of the HPV vac-

cine increased by 30 percent.

Despite the overall increase in the country, in four

statesColorado, Connecticut, Kansas and Massachu-

settsthe percentage of females vaccinated with one

or more doses and all three doses decreased from 2009

to 2011.

Colorado and Kansas had a more than 20 percent

decrease in females who received all three doses of the

vaccine. In New Mexico and North Dakota, three-dose

vaccination rates fell by 16 and 12 percent respectively.

The HPV vaccine has produced positive results according to

a June 2013 study. Since the vaccine was introduced in 2006, the preva-

lence of the vaccine-type HPV has dropped by 56

percent.6

A study by the Journal of Infectious Diseases showed

the types of HPV that could be prevented by vaccine


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REFERENCES

1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. New study shows HPV vaccine helping lower HPVinfection rates in teen girls.Press Release. June 19, 2013.http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2013/p0619-hpv-vaccinations.html .2Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HPV Vaccine Information for Young Women-Fact Sheet.http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/STDFact-HPV-vaccine-young-women.htm .3Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HPV Vaccine-Questions and Answers.http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/hpv/vac-faqs.htm .

4Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HPV Vaccine Information for Clinicians-Fact Sheet.http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv-vaccine-hcp.htm .5

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HPV Vaccine Information for Young Women-Fact Sheet.http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/STDFact-HPV-vaccine-young-women.htm .6Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. New study shows HPV vaccine helping lower HPVinfection rates in teen girls.Press Release. June 19, 2013.http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2013/p0619-hpv-vaccinations.html .7Markowitz, Lauri E., Susan Hariri, Carol Lin, Eileen F. Dunne, Martin Steinau, Geraldine McQuillan,and Elizabeth R. Unger. Reduction in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Prevalence Among Young WomenFollowing HPV Vaccine Introduction in the United States, National Health and Nutrition ExaminationSurveys, 20032010.The Journal of Infectious Diseases 208.3 (2013): 385-93. Oxford Journals, 19June 2013.8Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. New study shows HPV vaccine helping lower HPVinfection rates in teen girls.Press Release. June 19, 2013.http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2013/p0619-hpv-vaccinations.html .

were 3.1 percent among vaccinated females and 12.6

percent among those who were unvaccinated.7

CDC Director Tom Frieden was quoted on the

CDC website regarding this new data: This

report shows that HPV vaccine works well, and

the report should be a wake-up call to our nation

to protect the next generation by increasing HPV

vaccination rates.8

Only Virginia and the District of Columbia mandate the

HPV vaccinations for certain school-aged girls. Virginia (S 1230) and the District (B 17-0030) re-

quire the vaccine for girls to enter the sixth grade,

but parents may opt out for religious, medical or

moral reasons.

During the 2013 legislative sessions, three states

considered legislation that would require the

HPV vaccination.

Floridas SB 146, which would have required

girls entering the sixth grade to receive the vac-

cine, died in committee in May 2013.

Kentuckys HB 358 requiring the vaccine for girls

entering sixth grade passed the House in early

2013 and was sent to the Senate in February

2013. The Senate, however, never voted on it,

and the bill died at the end of the session.

New Yorks AB 2067requiring the vaccine for

school attendance of children born after Jan. 1,

1996, was sent to committee in January 2013, but

has not yet been considered.

Margaret Leer, CSG Research Assistant | [email protected]
http://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe%3F071%2Bsum%2BSB1230Shttp://dcclims1.dccouncil.us/images/00001/20070425181938.pdfhttp://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2013/0146http://www.lrc.ky.gov/record/13RS/HB358.htmhttp://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/%3Fdefault_fld%3D%26bn%3DA02067%26term%3D2013%26Summary%3DY%26Actions%3DY%26Votes%3DYmailto:mleer%40csg.org?subject=mailto:mleer%40csg.org?subject=http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/%3Fdefault_fld%3D%26bn%3DA02067%26term%3D2013%26Summary%3DY%26Actions%3DY%26Votes%3DYhttp://www.lrc.ky.gov/record/13RS/HB358.htmhttp://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2013/0146http://dcclims1.dccouncil.us/images/00001/20070425181938.pdfhttp://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe%3F071%2Bsum%2BSB1230S


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State

2009: Percent withone or more doses of

the HPV Vaccine

2011: Percent withone or more doses of

t he HPV Va ccin e Change : 2009-2011

2009: Percent withthree or more doses of

HPV vaccine

2011: Percent withthree or more doses of

HPV vaccine Change: 2009-2011

Alabama 49.4 49.5 0% 25.2 31.2 24%

Alaska 40.8 59.5 46% 19.3 40.4 109%

Arizona 52.8 55.3 5% 31.2 36.7 18%

Arkansas 34.6 36.1 4% 13.8 15.5 12%

California 49.2 65.0 32% 21.8 42.9 97%

Colorado 52.7 45.9 -13% 32.5 25.3 -22%

Connecticut 61.2 60.5 -1% 44.7 43.0 -4%

Delaware 51.5 60.2 17% 32.6 46.8 44%

District of Columbia 60.0 55.0 -8% 22.8 36.0 58%

Florida 39.3 50.0 27% 24.6 35.3 43%

Georgia 38.6 48.4 25% 21.8 30.0 38%

Hawaii 65.0 73.1 12% 38.9 50.9 31%

Idaho 30.2 45.5 51% 16.9 30.0 78%

Illinois 34.3 51.6 50% 23.4 34.0 45%

Indiana 37.1 40.8 10% 22.3 28.4 27%Iowa 42.4 53.5 26% 32.7 40.7 24%

Kansas 44.1 37.3 -15% 27.7 21.9 -21%

Kentucky 31.0 46.0 48% 19.5 30.5 56%

Louisiana 48.6 63.0 30% 29.8 36.3 22%

Maine 44.4 56.1 26% 28.0 44.5 59%

Maryland 39.6 45.7 15% 29.5 29.9 1%

Massachusetts 69.0 61.1 -11% 49.4 48.5 -2%

Michigan 39.0 55.6 43% 22.9 31.6 38%

Minnesota 44.9 55.5 24% 27.0 35.1 30%

Mississippi 22.9 31.9 39% 8.1 19.6 142%

Missouri 32.7 49.5 51% 19.9 30.8 55%

Montana 35.0 52.9 51% 21.9 39.8 82%

Nebraska 49.4 59.0 19% 33.9 32.6 -4%

Nevada 39.0 55.3 42% 17.4 30.9 78%

New Hampshire 60.0 65.8 10% 39.8 46.0 16%

New Jersey 42.2 55.5 32% 28.0 38.7 38%

New Mexico 53.1 58.1 9% 35.4 29.7 -16%

New York 48.8 46.6 -5% 33.8 34.2 1%

North Carolina 50.3 54.4 8% 30.5 32.3 6%

North Dakota 45.1 51.2 14% 31.7 27.8 -12%

Ohio 40.6 45.5 12% 25.0 32.6 30%

Oklahoma 40.1 49.8 24% 16.2 27.7 71%

Oregon 52.9 68.6 30% 32.2 38.5 20%

Pennsylvania 53.2 51.9 -2% 37.5 41.0 9%

Rhode Island 68.3 76.1 11% 51.7 56.8 10%

South Carolina 28.5 38.7 36% 16.6 23.3 40%

South Dakota 62.4 58.1 -7% 45.0 50.1 11%

Tennessee 43.6 46.0 6% 26.5 27.2 3%

Texas 37.6 48.8 30% 23.4 31.5 35%Utah 32.5 53.3 64% 19.5 20.4 5%

Vermont 60.7 63.0 4% 39.1 50.1 28%

Virginia 36.8 46.9 27% 24.6 29.8 21%

Washington 60.0 66.5 11% 35.4 40.0 13%

West Virginia 38.5 50.6 31% 27.0 28.6 6%

Wisconsin 49.2 65.7 34% 28.9 46.2 60%

Wyoming 43.6 60.9 40% 31.1 40.9 32%

United States 44.3 53.0 20% 26.7 34.8 30%

THE COUN CI L OF STATE GOVERNM EN TS

Estimated HPV Vaccination Coverage

Among Female Adolescents, 13 through 17 years, 2011

Source: Estimated Vaccination Coverage, With Selected Vaccines Among Adolescents Aged 13-17 Years, by State and Selected Area--National Immunization SurveyTeen, United States, 2011. Centers for Disease Control andPrevention. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/stats-surv/nisteen/tables/11/tab01_iap_2011.pdf .

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HPV: Vaccination Rates Increase and Infection Rate Decreases