HP Business Process Testing software: test automation focused on your businessWhite paper

Table of contentsAbstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Limitations of traditional automated testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4HP Business Process Testing: a transformation, not a technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

How HP Business Process Testing works: a brief overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Quality accelerators for HP Business Process Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Testing at a higher level: two simple examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

HP Business Process Testing benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Making the decision to implement HP Business Process Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

HP Business Process Testing checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8How to get started: five steps to transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Step one: get the tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Step two: get some additional training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Step three: start creating your test components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Step four: start creating actual business process tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Step five: automate your components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Products and services supporting HP Business Process Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10HP Quality Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10HP Quality Center includes: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10HP QuickTest Professional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10HP WinRunner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10TurnKey Quality Accelerators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10HP and TurnKey Solutions Professional Services Offerings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

IntroductionHP Business Process Testing software is the first completerole-based test automation system to bridge the qualitychasm by enabling business analysts and qualityengineers to collaborate effectively. HP Business ProcessTesting enables non-technical subject matter experts tobuild, data-drive, execute and document test automationwithout any programming knowledge, allowing them tofocus on creating high-level test flows that mirror actualbusiness process while quality engineers concentratetheir efforts on areas that facilitate automation.

HP Business Process Testing provides capabilities andbenefits no other product on the market can match. It:

• Greatly simplifies and speeds up the test designprocess by using “components” (business processbuilding blocks)

• Allows QA and testing teams to start the test designprocess much sooner—during system design—accelerating time-to-deployment for high-quality software

• Generates automated tests and test case documentationin a single step, eliminating the expensive and time-consuming processes of creating and maintainingtest records

• Enables QA teams to use prepackaged test assetsand best practices to implement test automation forleading enterprise resource planning (ERP) and customerrelationship management (CRM) applications, savingtime and leveraging the knowledge of experts

• Raises the adoption rate for test automation becauseit is so easy to deploy and use

HP Business Process Testing can also help enterprisesget more out of the tools they have already purchased.It is part of HP Quality Center, an integrated set ofsoftware, services and best practices for automating keyquality activities, including requirements management,test management, defect management, functional testingand business process testing. HP Business Process Testingintegrates smoothly with any work already done withHP QuickTest Professional software or HP WinRunnersoftware. HP Quality Center products support morethan 90 percent of the Fortune 500 and more than 65percent of all automated software quality initiatives.

In short, HP Business Process Testing is capable ofincreasing the productivity of subject matter expertsand QA/test engineers alike—not by small increments,but by quantum leaps. Enterprises can expect high ROIand fast payback from their transition to HP BusinessProcess Testing.

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Abstract: HP Business Process Testing software is theindustry’s first complete role-based test automationsystem that enables subject matter experts to build,data-drive, execute and document tests without anyprogramming knowledge.

This paper presents a brief overview of the HP BusinessProcess Testing concept and its advantages for businessesand test teams. It also summarizes the key functionsand benefits of HP Quality Center software offerings,quality accelerators from HP and TurnKey Solutions, andprofessional services offerings that will help enterprisesimplement HP Business Process Testing quickly andcost-efficiently.

Limitations of traditional automated testingAutomated software testing has come a long way in a short period of time. Each successive generation ofproducts has solved significant challenges, yet eachadvance has also introduced a new set of issues thatneeds to be resolved.

First-generation products, introduced about 15 yearsago, were hardware-based capture/playback systemsthat recorded keystrokes and replayed them on demand.These tests were easy to create, but they providedlimited validations and checkpoints, and they weredifficult to maintain and document as changes occurred.

Second-generation solutions, which appeared aboutten years ago, were software-based capture/playbacksystems that recorded test cases and represented themas scripts. This approach provided wider test coverageand more robust checkpoints and validations, but itrequired specialized development skills and did notcompletely solve the maintenance challenge. Everytime an application changed, the test scripts had to beupdated. This resulted in modifications to many lines ofcode and created the necessity to continually updatethe documentation to reflect these changes.

Third-generation automated testing solutions, called“test frameworks,” have been on the market since 2001.Test frameworks added a layer of abstraction over thescripting process so that non-technical people couldbuild tests. With this approach, subject matter experts(also called business analysts) could draw on a libraryof pre-built “keywords,” which implemented a specificaction against the application (for example, “click theOK button”). Keywords provided the ability to developautomated test cases with no procedural programmingexperience.

Test frameworks led to dramatic productivity increasesfor many software testing teams, but they still had manyshortcomings. For example:

• The operations performed by any particular keywordtended to be very fine-grained or atomic. Designinga test for an entire business process required the useof hundreds of individual keywords—a time-consuming process.

• Since test framework solutions consist of files withkeywords and their associated data elements, subjectmatter experts found that they were still creating scripts,despite promises by some vendors of “scriptless” test design.

• Traditional test framework products were not alwaysbackwards-compatible with previous-generationtechnology—such as recorders—limiting their flexibility.With some framework products, engineers couldn’tget under the hood and modify the code that wasunderlying the keywords even if they wanted to.

• Test frameworks and keyword-based products stilldidn’t function at the business process level, forcingsubject matter experts to think like programmers,which constrained adoption rates.

• Test frameworks did not assist in the creation of testdocumentation, and therefore required the investmentof many man-hours to create the detailed informationrequired for compliance with several of today’slegislative acts regulating data access, includingSarbanes Oxley and the Health Information Portabilityand Accountability Act (HIPAA).

HP Business Process Testing: atransformation, not a technologyHP quickly recognized that solving the challenges oftraditional test automation required a completely newapproach, not simply modifications or updates to existingthird-generation solutions. In response to the needs ofthe industry, HP has developed a fourth-generationapproach that radically streamlines test design, testautomation, test maintenance, and the expensive andtime-consuming test documentation processes.

How HP Business Process Testing works: a brief overviewThe transition from table-driven testing frameworks toHP Business Process Testing is evolutionary in terms oftechnology, but revolutionary in terms of capabilities.The next sections describe the core concepts underlyingHP Business Process Testing, followed by a brief discussionof the benefits realized by subject matter experts, QAand test engineers, and for the business as a whole.

Non-technical “building-block” approach to test designOne of the key advances HP Business Process Testingprovides to subject matter experts is the ability toassemble business processes on the fly via components.Components are simply modules of a business process.Using components, subject matter experts can quicklycreate multiple user scenarios, validate each one ofthem, and optimize the business process flow withoutever having to touch any procedural code or keywords.

For example, in many applications, users need to logon before they do anything else. With the HP BusinessProcess Testing approach, the “Log On” function isavailable as a component that can be dragged anddropped into a test script. The Log On component wouldinclude the various user steps in the log on process—

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for example, launching the application, entering theuser name, entering a password and clicking thesubmit button.

To create an entire business process test, the subjectmatter expert simply selects the desired component froma tree-structured list (like the File Manager in Microsoft®

Windows®), then drags and drops the components intothe HP Business Process Testing Workspace. For example,the Log On component described above could be thefirst step of a business process for placing a mutual fundorder. Other components might include: Find MutualFund; Research Mutual Fund; Place Order; View OpenOrders; Confirm Order and Log Out.

Prior to execution, components are eventuallyimplemented by subject matter experts using keywords,or by QA engineers using the recorder and scriptcommands. But the implementation of the componentsis separated from their design and use in creatingscripts, so the subject matter experts can focus on thebusiness processes.

Each component can be used and reused in any numberof test cases, so the more overlap you have in processes,the more you benefit from HP Business Process Testing.

Reusable components for project accelerationOnce the components have been built, they can beused and reused in every test case that requires similarfunctionality—enabling testers to use a single componentin hundreds of different test cases with little or no extraeffort. By simply selecting the appropriate componentvia drag-and-drop, subject matter experts can mix andmatch components to create multiple scenarios and testsets for different needs. This eliminates the thousandsof lines of redundant script code that used to be created,stored and maintained for each application. The result:project teams can now build automated tests forcomplete business processes in a fraction of the timepreviously required.

Integrated test automation and documentationMany companies are currently devoting hundreds ofman-hours and spending thousands of dollars creatingand maintaining detailed test documentation. Thisdocumentation is essential, not only for recording thecompany’s testing processes for test tracking, but alsofor meeting the requirements of many of the recentlegislative acts affecting data access and retention,including Sarbanes-Oxley and HIPAA. Previousgenerations of test automation solutions suffered from a lack of integration between the test automation and

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Figure1. Each component can be used and reused in any number of test cases, so the more overlap you have in processes, the more you benefit from HP Business Process Testing.

HP Quality Center

Log-in Component

Dashboard Requirements HP Business Process Testing Functional Testing

Test One Test Four

Test Two Test Three

Test lab

documentation processes. These early tools did nothave the ability to automatically create detailed testrecords at the same time tests were being created.

With HP Business Process Testing, documentation isautomatically created while the testing team is designingthe tests. HP has developed the capability to exporttest documentation into simple-to-access word processorformats, including Microsoft Word. Once the testingteam defines the test definitions in the system, HPBusiness Process Testing generates a document thatdescribes every business process, all steps taken, alldata used to certify the process, every data elementused and the results of each action taken. These recordsprovide complete and accurate test information in aneasy-to-read format, with a table of contents andrelevant appendices. By providing the ability to createdocumentation automatically, HP Business ProcessTesting can save organizations hundreds of man-hoursand free up valuable IT expertise for other, morestrategic testing activities.

Centralized test maintenanceOne of the leading causes of “shelfware” or abandonedapplication projects is the inability to keep up withautomated test maintenance requirements. With HPBusiness Process Testing, when testers make changes to applications, HP products provide the ability to showthe QA engineers or subject matter experts which testcomponents and tests must be scanned for any neededupdates. Changes are isolated to components, so thereare fewer total changes and the changes are populatedto test cases automatically. And since test casedocumentation is also generated automatically, there isno longer a constant struggle to synchronize changesto the test automation script with the documentation.

Quality accelerators for HP Business Process TestingTo further expedite projects involving popular ERP andCRM applications, HP and TurnKey Solutions haveintroduced “quality accelerators” or prepackaged testscripts, components and best practices for testing andmaintaining leading solutions, including Oracle®

applications. Quality accelerators make it simple toautomate the testing of typical functions, such as generalledger (GL) transactions, accessing customer records,approving requisitions and so on. Quality acceleratorsprovide most frequently used test components and testcases, so test teams can accelerate their testing effortsand implement test automation faster and less expensivelythan ever before.

Testing at a higher level: two simple examplesThe examples below contrast how a test automationproject might proceed—with and without implementationof HP Business Process Testing.

Example 1: The CIO wants to add online filing of expensereports to the company’s current HR portal—and wantsthe new capability up and running as quickly as possible.

• With HP Business Process Testing: Most of thefunctionality involved in online filing of expense reportshas already been componentized and automated inprevious projects: the log-on process for accessingHR resources; launching the expense report template;creating a new expense report; submitting documentsto HR for approval; etc. Subject matter experts cannow quickly assemble the new business process testsby selecting needed components, build and verifymultiple test cases and scenarios, and mark the new orchanged components for implementation or updating.The entire testing process is completed in just a fewdays. No additional time is required to create or updatecomplete test documentation records, since these

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reports are automatically generated by HP BusinessProcess Testing and formatted in an easy-to-read MSWord document.

• Without HP Business Process Testing: Even thoughsimilar functionality was developed for other onlineHR services, the new testing effort will require a newtest automation script development effort, as well asextensive new test documentation—and will requireconsiderable technical expertise for automated testscript creation that is currently in short supply. Thetesting process will take several months and thedocumentation process will add many additionalweeks. As a result, time-to-deployment will be severalmonths longer than the CIO has asked for and thecosts will be two to three times those incurredthrough the HP Business Process Testing approach.

Example 2: A key automation engineer leaves thecompany unexpectedly at the beginning of a criticalproject, taking her programming skills and intellectualcapital with her.

• With HP Business Process Testing: Specialized testautomation expertise is not required on the part ofsubject matter experts for HP Business Process Testing,so the departure of this employee does not preventother qualified subject matter experts from creatingand modifying test components and test cases,allowing them to make significant contributions quickly.

• Without HP Business Process Testing: IT managementmust quickly find another individual within or outsidethe company with similar expertise, incurring theconsiderable expense of recruiting, hiring and payingthe high salary demanded by the person with theappropriate skill set. Test automation on the projectlanguishes until the new employee is on the job andadequately trained.

HP Business Process Testing benefitsThe following sections will describe some of the keyfeatures and benefits of HP Business Process Testing:

For subject matter experts

• Easily builds tests by dragging and droppingcomponents, eliminating the need for business processexperts to acquire programming skills

• Designs tests, automates tests and generatesdocumentation simultaneously, reducing the timerequired for separate design, scripting anddocumentation processes

• Reuses single components throughout hundreds oftest cases, streamlining the test creation process

For QA/test engineers

• Reduces duplicate script maintenance by isolatingchanges to a single component that is reused by alltest scripts, cutting the time and effort required fortest maintenance

• Eliminates the need to develop and maintain testdocumentation, freeing up valuable IT resources forother more strategic activities

For the CIO

• Gets testing projects started and finished sooner,delivering higher quality, thoroughly tested softwareto end users and customers faster

• Streamlines and simplifies test automation processes,improving the morale of testing teams while decreasingtesting costs

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• Enables lines of business (LOBs) to participate in andsign off on testing projects sooner, increasing theprobability of success of testing initiatives

• Integrates with HP Quality Center, including the latestversion of HP QuickTest Professional, helping toleverage the use of existing testing tools across theenterprise

For the CFO

• Reduces testing and test maintenance time, increasingstaff efficiency and enabling organizations to achievea quantum leap forward in test productivity for only asmall incremental investment

• Integrates with other HP solutions, helping increasethe ROI of products and processes the company hasalready implemented

For the CEO

• Gets innovative new application services up andrunning sooner, bringing in new customers andcreating new revenue streams

• Leverages state-of-the-art testing technology, providingan edge over competitors who are still doing thingsthe old, slow, expensive way

• Enhances application quality, helping enterprises avoidthe costs of software defects and reap the rewards ofconsistently excellent applications and web services—greater customer satisfaction and loyalty, more repeatbusiness, and higher revenue and profits

Making the decision to implement HP Business Process TestingOne of the most important advantages of HP BusinessProcess Testing is that it leverages the tools, technologies,and skill sets many companies have already investedin, such as HP QuickTest Professional, HP TestDirectorfor Quality Center software, and HP WinRunner. Thatmeans the incremental cost of transitioning to HP BusinessProcess Testing is likely to be small, while the potentialbenefits to testing teams and business are substantial.

HP Business Process Testing checklistWhether your software testing is currently manual,automated or a mix of both, there is a good chanceyour business could benefit by transitioning to HPBusiness Process Testing. Here are a few guidelines for evaluating the extent to which HP Business ProcessTesting can help you cut costs and improve efficiency.

In general, your business is a candidate for HPBusiness Process Testing if…

• There is overlap among your processes. If many of yourbusiness processes share common elements or steps,HP Business Process Testing will enable you to use—and reuse—common components and prepackagedcontent for common ERP applications. The more overlapyour processes have, the more you can reuse componentsover and over, resulting in greater efficiency of yourtesting efforts.

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• You are currently transitioning to automated testing.Automation is the key to improving the speed, accuracyand flexibility of the software testing process, and cangive your company the ability to find and fix moredefects earlier. If you’re currently in the process ofmoving to automated testing, you may have alreadypurchased the basic tools needed for HP BusinessProcess Testing. Establishing HP Business ProcessTesting as your next milestone can help accelerateyour company’s adoption of automated testingpractices and their benefits.

• You are evaluating or moving toward the QualityCenter of Excellence model. This model is becomingincreasingly popular because it provides a centralizedsource of testing expertise as well as standardizedquality management and optimization best practices.While the Quality Center of Excellence model is notrequired for HP Business Process Testing, centralizingyour company’s test automation expertise can be aneffective way to optimize the efficiency and consistencyof your test projects.

How to get started: five steps totransformationThe effort required to transition to HP Business ProcessTesting may only be a matter of a few hours or a few days,in many cases. This section summarizes five easy stepsto get up and running with HP Business Process Testing.

Step one: get the toolsMany companies already have licensed and installedsome or all of the key tools needed for HP BusinessProcess Testing. The complete set of tools is containedwithin HP Quality Center, described later in this document.If you’re using HP QuickTest Professional and other HP

Quality Center applications, you already have most ofthe skills you will need to move up to HP BusinessProcess Testing.

Step two: get some additional trainingTo jumpstart your productivity using HP Quality Center,you may need a small amount of additional training.Subject matter experts who are adept at using HPTestDirector or HP QuickTest Professional may require aslittle as two to three hours of additional training. Thosewho need to develop skills using HP basic test automationtools can get fully trained in two- to three-day workshopsoffered by HP or third-party training vendors.

Step three: start creating your test componentsWith proper tools and training, you are ready to beginlaying out actual test cases using the keyword-driven,component-based approach. At this point, you will needto make decisions about the scope of specific components(e.g., decide what level of functionality is to be includedwithin each one), and begin creating your components.

Step four: start creating actual business process testsUsing drop-down lists of components, you can nowbegin assembling actual user flows. If you’re missing aneeded component, you can use HP Quality Center tocreate one and add it to the business process flow onthe fly (of course, each component needs to be “steppedout” or broken out by the individual steps that comprisethe process).

Step five: automate your componentsOnce the subject matter expert has filled out the businessprocess template with stepped-out components, thesecomponents are ready to code and can be forwardedto your QA or test engineers. These engineers can thenautomate the components, adding detailed checkpoints,error handling capability and so on.

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Products and services supporting HPBusiness Process TestingHP Business Process Testing integrates smoothly withexisting tools such as HP QuickTest Professional, HPTestDirector and HP WinRunner. The complete set oftools and technologies required for HP Business ProcessTesting is contained within HP Quality Center and issupported by a broad spectrum of consulting andtraining services from HP.

HP Quality CenterHP Quality Center integrates and automates key qualityactivities—test management, functional testing andbusiness process testing. It lets you share and reusetesting expertise across the quality lifecycle, and itprovides a customizable workflow that easily adaptsand extends to your specific quality process needs. HPQuality Center automatically generates, collects andpresents quality key performance indicators (KPIs) inreal time, so you can make faster, informed decisionsabout application readiness. And it creates a permanentaudit trail to keep track of all quality management steps.

HP Quality Center includes:

• A real-time dashboard that presents KPIs from abusiness perspective

• Integrated applications that automate key qualityactivities—including test management, businessprocess testing and functional testing

• Automatic collection of quality KPIs from multiplesources across multiple stages

• Best practices developed through more than 3,000customer engagements

• A scalable, high-availability solution built on aproven, extensible foundation to share and reusetests, data, scripts and reports

HP QuickTest ProfessionalHP QuickTest Professional, a core product of HP QualityCenter, provides the industry’s first-rate solution forfunctional and regression test automation for practicallyevery software application and environment. With HPQuickTest Professional, companies benefit fromActiveScreen technology, which offers the industry’sshortest learning curve for testers, and TestGuardtechnology’s easy-to-maintain tests. For more informationabout HP QuickTest Professional and to download afree 14-day trial, visit the HP website at www.hp.com.

HP WinRunnerHP WinRunner gives your organization a powerful toolfor enterprise-wide functional and regression testing.HP WinRunner captures, verifies and replays userinteractions automatically to identify defects and enablethat business processes work flawlessly upon deploymentand remain reliable. HP WinRunner allows you to reducetesting time by automating repetitive tasks and optimizetesting efforts by covering diverse environments with asingle testing tool.

TurnKey Quality AcceleratorsPartnering with HP, TurnKey Solutions has developedquality accelerators, which are prepackaged test assets(scripts, files and best practices) for implementing andmaintaining leading ERP and CRM solutions. Forexample, the Oracle Applications Quality Acceleratoris the definitive solution for Oracle applications testing,providing a ready-made package of individual and end-to-end test scripts specifically designed to be extensibleto each client’s unique Oracle applications environment.

With the Oracle Applications Quality Accelerator, yourorganization will be able to fully regression test yourOracle applications implementation with minimal effort

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for each and every patch and upgrade; roll out newapplication functionality faster than ever before; andleverage your test bed for years to come.

HP and TurnKey Solutions Professional ServicesOfferingsBoth HP and TurnKey Solutions offer a completespectrum of consulting services to help you take fulladvantage of the benefits of HP Business ProcessTesting. Wherever you are on the path to businessprocess testing, HP and TurnKey Solutions can helpyou take the next step quickly and cost-efficiently.

SummaryWith the introduction of HP Business Process Testing,HP has brought test automation into a new era. Noother vendor has yet introduced a test automationproduct, technology or capability offering the level of completeness, integration or ease of use that HPBusiness Process Testing provides.

HP Business Process Testing removes the technicalcomplexity and specialized expertise from the testdesign process, so subject matter experts can focus onthe business process rather than the test. Competitivetechnologies still don’t address the cost and complexityof test maintenance and documentation. HP BusinessProcess Testing centralizes and simplifies test anddocumentation creation and maintenance, resulting insubstantial savings for today’s enterprises.

HP Business Process Testing delivers a higher level ofproductivity to your test teams and improves the qualityof your finished software applications. The transition toHP Business Process Testing is non-disruptive to yourcurrent processes, protects your previous investments intools and training and delivers an ROI that is likely tobe competitive with any other investment your businesswill make.

The question to ask yourself is not how you’ll managethe transition to HP Business Process Testing, but howyou ever managed without it.

About TurnKey SolutionsTurnKey Solutions is a leading, national provider of testautomation platform products, best-practice methodologyconsulting and training, contract personnel, projectoutsourcing, personnel placements, and packagedsoftware tools in the areas of software testing/QA andsoftware development. Founded in 1991, TurnKeySolutions has helped companies worldwide lower costsand increase ROI while improving their developmentand testing processes.

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To learn more, visit: www.hp.com/go/softwareOracle is a registered U.S. trademark of Oracle Corporation, Redwood City, California. Microsoft and Windows are U.S.registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

© Copyright 2007 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change withoutnotice. The only warranties for HP products and services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying suchproducts and services. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. HP shall not be liable fortechnical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein.

4AA1-1466ENW, April 2007