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Microtubules Part of cytoskeleton Hollow tubes made of tubulin Hold organelles in place, maintain a cell’s shape, & act as tracks that guide organelles and molecules as they move through the cell Ex. cilia, flagella, centrioles
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HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW
THE CELL?
Nucleus Contains DNA - chromosomes 2 membranes surrounding it, the
envelope/membrane Controls all of the cell’s activities –
including information needed to make proteins
Microtubules Part of cytoskeleton Hollow tubes made of tubulin Hold organelles in place, maintain a
cell’s shape, & act as tracks that guide organelles and molecules as they move through the cell
Ex. cilia, flagella, centrioles
Cell Membrane Covers cell surface Determines what enters or exits the
cell – selectively permeable
Prokaryotic Cell that lacks a nucleus and
membrane bound organelles Bacteria and Archea
Hooke First person to identify and name cells
– coined the term “cell”
Microfilaments Part of cytoskeleton Long threads made of actin Changes cell shape, especially during
muscle contraction Allows movement of cytoplasm within
the cell (cytoplasmic streaming)
Rough ER Transports materials within or out of the
cell has ribosomes attached produces phospholipids and proteins
Golgi Bodies/Apparatus Stacks of flattened, membranous sacs Many proteins and lipids pass from ER to
here for final modifications; Like a POST OFFICE - modifies, packages
and secretes various molecules
Lysosomes Contain digestive enzymes to break down
large molecules as well as non-functioning cell parts and cells
Small, membrane-bound organelles formed by Golgi complex
Leeuwenhoek Looked at living cells in pond water;
invented first mini-microscope
Centrioles Used in cell division Seen in animal cells
Ribosomes Site of protein synthesis Can be free (in cytoplasm) or bound
(attached to ER) Produced in nucleolus Made of RNA and proteins
Smooth ER Transports materials within and out of the
cell Functions in lipid synthesis ex. cholesterol No ribosomes attached
Eukaryotic Type of cell with a true nucleus and
membrane bound organelles Plant, protists, animal and fungi
Mitochondria Transfer energy from organic
molecules (like glucose) to ATP (cellular energy)
Muscle cells have lots of these Nicknamed the POWERHOUSE Inner folds called cristae to increase
surface area
Plant Cell Type of cell with a cell wall,
chloroplasts and a large central vacuole
Virchow Stated cells come from the division of
preexisting cells
Cytoskeleton General term to describe the
structures that give cells internal organization, shape, and ability to move
Cell Wall Made of cellulose Protects, prevents excess H2O
uptake, maintains shape of plant cell
Animal Cell Type of cell with lysosomes and
centrioles Lack a cell wall
Chloroplasts Use light energy to make
carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O Contains chlorophyll Responsible for photosynthesis
Vacuole Stores water, enzymes, wastes, and
other materials Largest organelle in a plant cell
Schleiden Stated all plants are made of cells
Schwann Stated all animals are made of cells
Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells Cells are the basic units of structure
and function in living things All cells come from preexisting cells
Chromosomes Structures that form when DNA
supercoils around proteins Organizes DNA for cell division
Chromatin Uncondensed/uncoiled DNA DNA present in this form when the
cell is not dividing
Vesicle Stores and moves materials between
cell organelles (ie. Rough ER to golgi) Moves materials to and from the cell
membrane
Cilia Short, hair-like projections found on
the outside of cells Used for movement
Flagella Long, tail-like projections found on the
outside of cells Used for movement
Cytoplasm Jelly-like material found between the
cell membrane and the nucleus Contains the organelles of the cell
Nucleolus Found inside of the nucleus Makes ribosomes