How We Can Start Essay.odt 0

English Acedemic Chapter 1 - How to start or end Essays ..............................................................................................3

Chapter 2 - Vocabulary Practice : ......................................................................................................5

O.....................................................................................................................................................24P......................................................................................................................................................26R......................................................................................................................................................28T......................................................................................................................................................35

Chapter 3 - Words know and best to have in a essay........................................................................39

Chapter 4 - Preposition – lessons ....................................................................................................41

Chapter 5 - List of words which the spellings are differ from British to America...........................43

Chapter 6 - Reporting Table : ..........................................................................................................46

Chapter 7 - Daily Calendar ..............................................................................................................48

Chapter 8 - Writing Essays ..............................................................................................................51

List of words which are commonly used.............................................................................................53

Chapter 09 – Writing Letters.............................................................................................................55

Chapter 10 - Grammar......................................................................................................................57

(Taught/teach) , (thought/think) , through , trough ,though............................................................57Subject verb agreement ......................................................................................................................57Chapter 12 - Grammar structures to be uses.......................................................................................59Special Corrections..............................................................................................................................59Uncountable Nouns.............................................................................................................................59

Because / Because of......................................................................................................................59Regret :- {subject +regret(s) + verb-ing Or Noun..........................................................................59

Definite articles...................................................................................................................................59Present Simple Passive ..................................................................................................................60Past Simple Passive........................................................................................................................60Present Continuous Passive............................................................................................................60Present Continuous (Subject + to be + present participle )............................................................60Past Continuous Passive.................................................................................................................60Present Perfect (and Past Simple) {Subject + has/have + past participle}.....................................60Wish + Past Perfect {Subject + wish/wishes + past perfect }........................................................60The present perfect passive.............................................................................................................61Should have/Should not have + past participle..............................................................................61Second conditional..........................................................................................................................61Past Tense.......................................................................................................................................61Simple Present ...............................................................................................................................61Present Continuous.........................................................................................................................61Future Tense :- Subject + will + base infinitive..............................................................................61

Chapter 13 - 5 Things to do after listening the record......................................................................62

Chapter 14 – Doing the Exam – IELTS.............................................................................................63

Listening..............................................................................................................................................63Reading ...............................................................................................................................................63Writing ................................................................................................................................................63Speaking..............................................................................................................................................64

Chapter 15 – Project Beta β...............................................................................................................66

Daily Practices ....................................................................................................................................66Weekend Practices ..............................................................................................................................66

Chapter 1 - How to start or end Essays Ways to start an essay

• There is no doubt that … has influence / has make an significant contribution / has been involved … etc

• There have been immense advances in technology …• It is an obvious fact that ….• Its a commonly used term currently ...• In the present age, globalization is playing an interestingly important role in our life.. • Nowadays …• Some people contend..• Its true that …• Over the last half century , last decade...• What's the happiest time in people's lives: youth or old age; school, career or retirement?• A problem of modern society is the declining level of health in the general population.• It has been suggested that high school students be involved in unpaid community …• In the last decade, there has been considerable debate over …• Whether women should be allowed to serve in the military has triggered spirited debate• In recent years the vast expansion of information and communications technology has made

teleworking much more practical• Traditionally, children have begin studying foreign languages at secondary school.

Ways to start a letter • I am writing to you to bring to your attention a problem• I am writing to request some unpaid leave next month.• It has been too long since out last visit, • I am leanard Gomes and I have recently passed a job interview for the post of Software

Engineer.• I am writing this letter to make arrangements for the stay... • I am writing to let you know ...•

Ways of concluding the essay• To summarise in my personal view … • In conclusion ….• In conclusion I would like to reiterate the fact of globalisation … etc..• To sum up... • In my opinion ….• In the final analysis...• To conclude...

Para linking phrases :• I tend to disagree...• I also feels that …• It seems to me that

Linking words within paras: Need not to be at the start of the paras.• however • yet..• unfortunately..• indeed..• then ..• generally speaking ..

Use the reference words to link..• these • this• one• him• such• etc.•

Chapter 2 - Vocabulary Practice : Index Vocabulary Examples

1. Abounds {exist in large numbers or amounts}

Thus happiness abounds in hard work. Success abounds in hard work.Well, he should know that happiness abounds in good relationship not ordinary disputes which you have all the time.

2. 3. A spike in

4. accede[agree to do what someone else wants]

Chancellor Merkel said she would accept the minimum wage but, in return, would not accede to Social I can not accede to be a business analyst, as I am an educated person.

5. Accumulate {Gather all} I need to accumulate all the notes which have been using all this time.Well, I need to accumulate all the evidence, so please make sure you have it in one place.When you accumulate all these facts its pretty clear that we should vote for the current president. Well, at the end we need to accumulate all the facts and theories and come to a conclusion. Did you accumulate all the facts before coming to a conclusion. We need to accumulate all the money to fund this program.

6. acquisition • It can be considered as an acquisition, since most of the employees of the original company were left out.

• Government acquisition of the military equipments has bee accused by the oppersition.

• The acquisition of micro bus service for the government has caused inconsistent in the bus service.

• Ministers acquisition of the Minstry has not helped the public.• It was my first experience in the takeover field: expansion by

acquisition,” he wrote.•

7. acute

8. Aforementioned {denoting a thing or person previously mentioned.}

songs from the aforementioned albumhad an unavoidable accident involving the aforementioned vehicle and another partyWell, can you look into those aforementioned facts and give me some solutions.

9. Agitated {feeling or appearing troubled or nervous.}

• Prof Chabardes said the driver was in an "agitated condition"• well, he was agitated after being hit by a bus.

10. alleged Mr Cameron has insisted there should be a proper investigation into alleged Sri Lankan war crimes in the final months of the conflict

Index Vocabulary Examples

11. Alleged (known to have taken place)

Students complain about alleged attacks from other schools.

12. alleges

13. allies

14. Amnesty {an official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offences}

Her opponents took to the streets after her government tried to pass an amnesty law that would potentially have allowed her brother, Thaksin, to return from exile

15. Amusing • The new extension of Colombo port was amusing and spectacular.

16. Annihilation {total destruction }

England face total annihilation

17. annulled The government annulled the election which was supposed to held on this friday.The teacher annulled the results since the papers were out prior to the exam.

18. Anti-minority [oppose to smaller ethnic religious groups ]

Anti-minority denies the accusations made by the Muslims. Anti-minority is trying yo create a ethnic problem in the country.

19. anticipated{expected

20. Antiquated {old-fashioned or outdated}

much of the infrastructure is antiquatedIts a antiquated home, which needs to be overhaul.

21. Appalling • Weather was appalling • The smell was appalling and we could not bear it at all.• Their performance were soo appalling.• Not to forget the food we had at the restaurant was appalling.• Their performances were appalling and nobody did appreciate

that. • If we do not act quickly, a generation of innocents will become

lasting casualties of an appalling war

22. Apprehends (should arrest)

Government should take measure to apprehend the convicts of war-crimes.Government has not taken steps to apprehend the monks who try to create disputes among religions.

23. abruptly

24. Apprehension {anxiety or fear that something bad or unpleasant will happen}

• announcement had caused "significant apprehension in the region

• Well, he brings lot of apprehension to the opposition.

25. Arguably He is arguably the best fielder in the team.He is arguable the best president we had all time.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cricket/25299181

http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cricket/25299181


This office is arguably the best office I have worked so far.

26. Assimilation :- become like others, or adopt a new life.

• Government should try to reduce the barriers in assimilation • Government should help migrants in the assimilation process• The older students help the new students to assimilate the

new environment.• It was bit hard for us to assimilate the new life in Australia ,

yet it was the best country to be so.• No one seems to helping me in the assimilation process. • Asylum can join the government assimilation program if they

wish to.

27. Asylum Who has been grated temporary asylum in Russia and is wanted in theShe has recently been granted asylum in the UK on the basis of her story She has been granted asylum , considering what she has to undergo during the war.Who is recently been granted asylum in Russi, as he is wanted by US. Russia is willing to offer asylum, in return of truth.

28. Attributed {regard something as being caused by}credit, allocate, assign

• The Climate Council report attributed the development to climate change, caused by greenhouse gases

• he attributed the firm's success to the efforts of the managing director

• US trade deficit fell to its lowest level in four years, a result partly attributed to rising consumption of US-produced goods and services

• The coach attributed the success of the team to the fast bowlers.

•• Lucia Nader of Conectas, a human-rights group, attributes an

upsurge in prisoners since 2006 to a law• Our CEO attributed the development of our business to the

worker.• Well, I think president has to be attributed for the road

development. • Teacher attributed all the class students for the achievement

we had. • She attributed his bad temper to ill health• I attributed my failures to my careless. • The wickets in the morning were attributed more to good

bowling from the visitor.• Pakistan captain Misbah-ul-Haq has attributed his team's Asia

Cup final defeat to his bowlers' inability.

http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/41378.html


• Malaysia's air force chief has denied remarks attributed to him that a missing Malaysia Airlines plane was tracked by military radar to the Strait of Malacca

•

29. Avert {turn away ,prevent }

Corruption should be averted by any cost.Government should take measure to avert the corruptiWhat measure have been taken to avert the city traffic ?He did his best to avert the unrest.Well, he did nothing to avert the presure feeom Britain could have done more to avert war argue some

30. Amid {surrounded by; in the middle of.}

• our dream home, set amid magnificent rolling countryside"• The find was announced by Malaysia's Acting Transport

Minister Hishammuddin Hussein amid a routine briefing in Kuala Lumpur.

•

31. belittle • Mr Abbott's response to the allegations, saying that he had "belittled this tapping matter on Indonesia, without any remorse

• Principle said I would not belittle on this matter and would take serious actions.

• You can not belittle of the fact that . Economy is not growing at all.

• On Sri Lanka's last away tour, in Australia, the touring pace attack had been belittled so extensively by former players and medi

32. Bleaker {lacking vegetation and exposed to the elements}

Fiat’s prospects would be even bleaker without its control of Chrysler• a bleak and barren moo

33. Blockade Pakistani politician Imran Khan is threatening to blockade supply lines to Nato forces in Afghanistan if the US does not end drone strikes this month

34. botched American people over the botched website rollout.

35. Breach It involves a breach of contract.Employer has breach the agreement , and the employees were so upset about that. If the company breach the contract, we should take the matter to the courts. If I did breach the contract, I would have had to pay a sum of 3lks. Ms Gayet initiated proceedings against Closer for breach of privacy

• US President Barack Obama has called Russia's actions a breach of international law

36. Bellicose {demonstrating aggression and willingness

• a mood of bellicose jingoism• A handful of bellicose political and military decision-makers in

http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/572995.html


to fight} Austria-Hungary, Germany and Russia caused WW1•

37. Belligerent {hostile and aggressive}

• maintain emotional equilibrium that helped them edge past a belligerent Bangladesh team in a see-saw contest in Mirpur. Twice, on Monday,

• the mood at the meeting was belligerent"

38. Cache Large cache of weapons have been seized.US still claims that there are still cache of weapon in Syria , which are not disclose by the Goverment. revenge for the army offensive which had destroyed militant hideouts and arms caches in Sinai.Convicts was killed when he tried to shoot the policeman , while he was showing a cache of weapons. He was industry minister in 2004 when the arms cache was discovered in the southern port of Chittagong

39. conspiracy {a secret plan by a group to do something unlawful or harmful}

WW1 did not break out by accident or because diplomacy failed. It broke out as the result of a conspiracy between the governments of imperial a conspiracy to destroy the government

40. Citing

41. colonisation • Government is in to a new form of colonisation.• We do hate the current colonisation happening in our country.• The governer is not accepting nor appreciating the

colonisation which is happening at the moment.• The mayor is not against the colonisation which is happening

in the country.

42. Commuted {reduce (a judicial sentence, esp. a sentence of death) to one less severe/travel some distance between one's home and place of work on a regular basis

The death sentence was commuted as the convicts expressed their support to disclose the heads of mafia.she commuted from Westport in to Grand Central Station.

• the governor recently commuted the sentences of dozens of women convicted of killing their husbands

• I have to commute from Kandana to Wellawattha everyday.

43. comprehend Therefore you will comprehend that for me.People should comprehend that, government does not have any intention to put down the expenses. Parents should comprehend that children needs more time in extra curricular activities.


44. Comprehend/comprehendingunderstand / include

• The dissertation should comprehend all of my findings during the project.

• I submitted my project , which comprehends of all my findings.

• People should comprehend why the government is hosting the CHOGAM

45. Comprehensible Getting an understanding of what teacher saying is beyond comprehensible

46. Comprised • The meal package comprise of one burger, coke and a French-frize

• I was able to comprised the AGM with the help of the committee board.

• The cricket board comprises of 6 members.• The tour also comprise of one day visit to France.

47. Concede :- • I would like to concede my speech, by telling this story to my audience

• The politician concede the speech by requesting the public to vote him.

• Prize did commence after the chief guest concede his speech. • I would like to concede my agreeing upon the fact that

government should take immediate measure to reduce the oil prices.

• He conceded his speech by singing a song.• The US denied any such right had been conceded• Angela Merkel said she'd concede this measure to the Social

Democrats with whom she• American Government concedes the argument stating that ,

no party has one in this case. • Of his private life, Mr Hollande conceded only that he was

going through a painful moment • I say tis game is being conceded.

48. conjunction in conjunction with our partners we are ready to continue the patient search for a mutually-acceptable

49. Conservative {averse to change or innovation and holding traditional values}

But western Germany, so proudly progressive in many other ways, remains surprisingly conservative in attitudes to gender equality.

50. Constitutes • All the carbonated drinks constitutes 5% of cafene, and sportsmens who constitutes it are sure to be effected.

• I have no idea how much it constitutes caffene.• We need to see what it constitutes, before we consume.• Most of the wedding cake constitutes caffeine for some

extend.


51. Contaminant The smell is not related to cat urine or any other type of biological contaminant.

52. Contaminated {is the presence of a minor and unwanted constituent}

53. Contemplate{ look thoughtfully for a long time at.}

One contemplated suicide

54. Contention :- argue about ,

I disagree with this contention Please shall we forget about our contentions, and be friends again.Consistent contentions have led them to be rivals. He is the no one contender for the trophy.He has turn our conversation into worse contention ever had.He always disagree with y contention.

55. contrary*** • What he said was totally contrary to what I have learned in the past.

• I find this book and the website bit contrary.• People are enough listening the contrary speeches of

politicians.• His statements are contrary and we could not accept that. • The decision meant the umpires had decided the ball's

condition had been changed contrary to the game's rule. • Politicians do say that the economy has bloom, on the

contrary people find it has gone down.•

56. correlated with [were directly connected with

The report also suggests rising temperatures correlated with large conflicts .I am sure his behaviour is correlated with what happened on yday.

57. Cosmetic : disambiguation :- uncertain or confusion

• The area names are cosmetic so do not count on that.• Most of the things he said was cosmetic, so better we ignore

them.• His speech was bit cosmetic where we could not understand

anything he stated.

58. counterfeit

59. Courteous {polite, respectful, or considerate in manner} - polite , well mannered ,

she was courteous and obliging to alOur neighbours are very courteous

60. Critics • but critics say this should not mask deeper divisions and concerns.

• Sri lanken president got angry over the critics of journalist.


• We should not be offended by the British critics.• But critics point out that science funding has been eroded

over the past three years and is not keeping pa

61. Curbed, {restrain or keep in check}

Germany’s coalition agreement in late November contained measures on how to curb poverty migration Austria, Denmark and the Netherlands on how social-benefit tourism might be curbed, because he was "she promised she would curb her temper;signalling that everyone needs to curb their appetites except for those with power. Argentina introduces new curbs on purchases from international websites such as Amazonwell, new curbs on buying will effect the economy a lot. They need to curb the tendency to suddenly give away their wickets

62. cynical • Our ceo's cynical decision have let lot of employees to leave the company

• He is a cynical person who thinks only about him self.• Politician in the modern world more likely to be cynical people

compared to any other.• We are not surprised by the cynical attitude of our CEO• We are tired of listening to his cynical speeches over and

over.

63. Captivus • Penis captivus

64. Compelling {evoking interest, attention, or admiration in a powerfully irresistible way.}

• his eyes were strangely compelling• Both bids were thoroughly compelling." said bid committee

chairman Nigel Wood.

65. Death toll The death toll has increased up to 10000, stated by media.The death toll has increased up to 1000,.

66. Debris* {scattered pieces of rubbish or remains.}

The scientists know they are looking at tsunami deposits because they can find debris in the sediments of seafloo

67. deficit • There is a huge financial deficit in our company.• We have to run a campaign in order to fulfil the budget deficit.• Our financial deficit has reached its limits and the company's

future is on the line.• The doctor said that calcium deficit could be the main reason

for the illness.• The government annual budget deficit was revealed in the

parliament.• The Ministry of Petroleum industries was unable to help the oil

deficit in the country. • Despite the rise in exports, the country's trade deficit - the


amount by which the cost of a country's imports exceeds• The first is the US budget deficit, the second the so-called

"pivot" - or the rebalancing of focus towards Asia. • Governments needs to run few fund raising program in order

to fill the budget deficit. • France’s budget de cit is bigger than Italy’s and its current-

account deficit is the largest in the euro zone• having finished their first innings with an 87-run deficit and

only• Japan's trade deficit narrows in February to its lowest level in

nine months as exports rise 9.8%

68. Deliberate Absolutely deliberate.

69. Deportation (removal) • Deportation of work has caused lots of issues.• Deportation of the Cheif Justice has caused plenty of issues in

the country.• HE deported the Chief Justice from her position.• North Korea has deported a US veteran of the Korean War

who had been detained in the country since October.• Deportation of the president has create lots of protests.

70. Deposed No body turn up for the former president's first public appearance since he was deposed on 3 July.

71. Derelict {in a very poor condition as a result of disuse and neglect}

a derelict Georgian mansionMaritime law essentially says that if you throw a rope on a derelict vesselWell, its a derelict home which need to be overhaul.

72. Deserted The place was deserted.

73. deteriorate The Syria crisis "continues to deteriorate rapidly and inexorablyThe light has deteriorated further"The weather forecast in the search area is expected to deteriorate, with rain likely."

74. deteriorates The economy deteriorates in a rapid speed, and the government should take prompt actions.Discipline has deteriorated during the last few years in our school.The government doesn't want to enter into any political games because we believe it will cause the economy to deteriorate

75. determined He is determined of buying a car.The gap between the impossible and possible is ones determination. I totally determined to get 8 marks for all the areas in IELTS.

76. devastating • The decision was even devastating for them, when umpaire trun down the lbw.

• They were devastated, when they were punished for the


second time.• Tsunami was soo devastating when it hit Sri Lanka.• The typhoon Haiyaan was devastating for the islands of

philiphines.

77. Devised {plan or invent (a complex procedure, system, or mechanism) by careful thought.}

The programme begins with a short film devised by the ‘antis’ - those opposed to women having the

78. dignify Regime is trying to dignify their efforts in ending the 30 year old battle.

79. dire consequences[seriously bad results]

if dire consequences are to be avoided within just a few yearsA lot of the dire predictions we're hearing won't come to pass. However many jobs the vested interests are

80. Disclosed {mentioned explicitly }

• Their nationalities have not been disclosed• Principle did not disclose the names of the victims.• Parents urge the principle not to disclose the names of the

students who are involved. • Jinping to make Chinese officials publicly disclose their

wealth• Principle should disclosed who is involve with this attach.• President should disclosed all the expenses of the CHOGAM

summit. • If the government is not going to disclose the expenses soon

there will be protest in the foreseeable future. Opposition will exploit these conditions and lead many protest.

81. Disclosures Wanted in the unauthorised disclosures

82. disputes • The dispute between two teams led to a fight at the end of the match

• There was a hot dispute between tow politicians in the TV y'day.

• The dispute between the couple explain the chemistry between each other.

• We need to resolve the disputes between each other.• Politician could not resolve their disputes. • In 2009 Russia cut off gas supplies to Ukraine in a dispute

about prices• Disputes in the region have mount the tension a lot.• Samsung and Google are showing the rest of the industry that

there is more to gain from co-operating than engaging in unnecessary patent disputes

• Ties with China soured after Japan bought three disputed islands from their private Japanese owner

• US presses Beijing over South China Sea disputes


• Joint efforts in the Middle East, including negotiations with Iran that led to an interim agreement on its disputed nuclear programme.

•

83. Dividends {a sum of money paid regularly (typically annually) by a company to its shareholders out of its profits}

A focus on fitness and nutrition has also begun paying dividendsHis continuous efforts have started to pay dividends. My efforts are starting give me dividends. Against that background, the quarterly results announced on February 4th looked positively cheerful. BP has raised its dividend and will continue with a vigorous programme of share buy-backs

84. Dormant The mountain Homalya has been dormant for the last three years.The valcano has been dormant for years , yet now showing signs of a blast.

85. Drive Some one needs to drive the chogam meeting. We need to have a driving force in our party if we are to win an election.Who will be driving this times election.

86. Diminished {made smaller or less}

The end result was the kind of performance that diminished the advances Bangladesh have made in Test cricket

87. Diabolical {characteristic of the Devil, or so evil as to recall the Devil.}

• "his diabolical cunning• a singer with an absolutely diabolical voice

E

88. Ecological • These politician do not have a single bit of ecological concern over the country

• I am sure we need to consider all the ecological concerns of our plan.

• The government is not paying enough attention to the ecological concerns of the Village.

• Environmentalist should concern the ecological factors of these shopping complex.

• The ecology of Hollywood , was the name of the article which we have to go through.

89. Edification {the instruction or improvement of a person morally or intellectually.}

Pursuit of mental edification.

90. Egregious {outstandingly bad; shocking}

egregious abuses of copyrightOur egregious efforts will be criticised.The status of the van is egregious. His condition was egregious, as he was hit by a truck. The jeep was egregious, and we should not buy that.


Well, the car looks egregious and I think it needs to be overhaul.

91. Elusive {difficult to find, catch, or achieve.}

AS POLITICAL honeymoons go Tony Abbott’s has proved elusive, even invisible.success will become ever more elusiveIt is not elusive to find transport even in the middle of the night. Well, the head prefect was elusive after the Prefects Day.

92. Eloquent {fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing}

• an eloquent speech• If the politicians needs to win they need to win, they need to

give eloquent speeches.• His speech was eloquent.

93. Emanate {issue or spread out from}

large pinches of salt are needed to season the diet of good news that still tends to emanate from Naypyidaw, the gaudy capital built by the generals.

94. embedded • Soft skills and communication skills are embedded in the IELTS course.

• The modules which I wanted in that workshop was not embedded.

• All the images have been embedded to a single JSP.• Please embed those pictures to that JSP.• I said to Yati, that mots of the pictures are now embedded to

the system.

95. Embrace • New students were embrace by the senior students.• Its hard to embrace what lecturer mentioned in the class

room.• Mother embraced his son who cam after the war.• President embraced the Militory commander after finishing the

war. • The newly elected president was embraced by the ministers.

96. Escapism {the tendency to seek distraction and relief from unpleasant realities, esp. by seeking entertainment or engaging in fantasy.}

•

97. Emit He emit the laser beam towards my face so I could not see it at all. The government should take measure to stop smoke emission from the factories.That factory emits lots of smoke to the air.

98. Entourage {a group of people attending or

an entourage of loyal courtiersan entourage of president.


surrounding an important person}

99. epidemic • The epidemic protest against the governments set Ministers on stake.

• School authorities were helpless against the viral flu epidemic,and was only able to announce vacation for the students.

100. Evacuated {removed from the city}

People are evacuated from the city since there is a great treat of volcanoes. Fireman evacuated the people in the building.

101. Ex-convict We could not offer him a job because he was a ex-convinct Most of the crimes are done by the ex-convicts I am sure there are plenty of ex-convicts involved in this.Ex-convicts should be taught to start something of their own.

102. Exacerbate {make (a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling) worse}

• rising inflation was exacerbated by the collapse of oil prices• US officials said the visit would "exacerbate tensions" in the

region• Teacher warned the ??• India's age-old problems with death bowling were exacerbated

by the dew,

103. Enduring {lasting over a period of time; durable.}

• As the search continues, families of those on board are enduring an agonising wait for news.

• he formed a number of enduring relationships with wome

104. Exceedingly The team played exceedingly well in the tournament. I was doing exceedingly well in the game of rugby.Well the Australia team played exceedingly well in the league matches. He our president drove the election campaign exceedingly well. Well, he performed exceedingly well in the previous match.

105. Expedited • I expedited my skills by going for a class of Java.• The government is going to expedites the water service

process, since people face lot of issues in getting drinking water.

• These cricketers need to expedite skills in the batting department soon.

• If they don't expedite the skills in English there will be a massive problem in the class.

• I really need to work hard to expedite my English skills.

106. Explicitly [ clearly and exactly ]

Government have to state the tax regulations explicitly. Government should define rules explicitly so that private authorities will know what has gone wrong.


107. Exploit {Defines to take advantage of something }

Our cricketers did not exploit the conditions , specially when their best bowler was injured. It not fair for authorities to exploit the migrant workers and get more work.The batsman exploit the situation and played some big shots.

108. Extradite I am not here to extradite him , not any more.

109. Extol {praise enthusiastically}

• he extolled the virtues of the Russian peoples• although many wine experts continue to extol the virtues of

the asset class as a longer-term diversification tool for conventional share and bond

110. Falsification falsifying

• There is no systematic falsification.• She was arrested in December for allegedly falsifying

documents used to obtain a visa for the Indian citizen she employed as a maid and nanny.

• Well students were punished as falsifying the answer papers.r• The lawyers provide facts falsifying the counter facts from the

opposition.

111. Fame {the condition of being known or talked about by many people, esp. on account of notable achievements.}

Obtain happiness from seeking fame and profit.

112. Fiscal {relating to government revenue, especially taxes}

Officially, it grew by 6.5% in the fiscal year beginning in April 2012monetary and fiscal policy

113. Foreseeable • It seems like Sri Lanka is not going to win a match in the foreseeble future.

• Its looks like I wont be able to climb my career ladder in the foreseeable future.

• It seems like that I am not going to go Australia in the foreseeable future.

• If I work like this I am not going to improve my Java knowledge in the foreseeable furture.

• If the government do not take immediate measures they are not going to improve the infrastructure in the foreseeable future.

• Under the present government, people are not going to get any benefits in the foreseeable future.

114. Frailty {the condition of being weak and delicate

the increasing frailty of old age"We are not going to gain anything from frailty fast bowlers.


115. frugality{the quality of being economical with money or food; thriftiness}

he scorned the finer things in life and valued frugality and simplicityhappiness comes from frugality. I am a person who values frugality always. Well, this government know the virtues of being frugality.

116. Futile {incapable of producing any useful result; pointless}

a futile attempt to keep fans from mounting the stageWithout this freedom it is futile to expect political freedom or consequently economic freedomHis futile effort are in-vain as he could not pass the exam.Without a proper principle it is futile to expect development in our school.Well, all of government measure have proven to be futile.

117. Goers Library goers• movie-goers •

118. Gleam {shine brightly, especially with reflected light}

light gleamed on the china catsProduction of the compact crossover commenced this week, upon completion of a $680m expansion to this gleaming factory,

119. gruelling[extremely tiring and difficult, needing great effort and determination]

Completing Master of Computer Science was a gruelling journey in my life.I hope its not going to be a gruelling journey.

120. hampered{made difficult} Even in the more accessible areas of neighbouring Lushan county the aid effort has been hampered by congestion on the single road inMy career has been hampered by my girl friend.

121. homogeneity We should understand the homogeneity of our nations , rather than trying to be rivals of the same region.

122. I contend I strongly contend that people should raise their voice for the injustice. People contented in 1949 to win the freedom for Sri Lanka.Some people contend that oil prices should be reduced which some contend that it will only make the traffic worse and will have negative impacts to the economy.

123. Illegal assembly The principle sacked all those who were part of the illegal assembly.He strictly advice the students to avoid any kind of illegal assemblies in the school.

124. Immense • He took immense troble to fix the problem, yet failed.• He did a immense jog getting the project to the company.• His immense efforts has to be appreciated, though it failed.• Government's immense efforts has failed.• Immense presure have kept J.T away from cricket for few


months, and he is unlikely to take part in any game in the foreseeable future.

125. Immoral {unethical - not conforming to accepted standards of morality.}

• Delhi, has said that pre-marital sex is "immoral" and against the "tenets of every religion"

• I would highly condemn their immoral act. • Immoral actions will lead to a disaster, so be careful of what

you are doing.

126. Impeccable / impeccably {in accordance with the highest standards; faultless.}

• We need an impeccable principle to handle the duties of the school.

• He is a person with impeccable credentials under his name.• The tsunami record from about 7,500 to 3,000 years ago is

impeccable, say the scientists• but then it all fizzled out as New Zealand enjoy a terrific

victory. Their bowlers were impeccably tight

127. Impelled – push to something.

• Injuries to main players have impelled the team management to have some youngsters in the team.

• He actually impelled us to finish our work today itself.• People have impelled the government to reduce the fuel

prices.• The current government has impelled people to protest in the

streets.• Students are impelled to wear the uniform even on Saturdays.• The government is impelled to reduce the oil prices soon. • If the government can set rules , then people are impelled to

follow them.

128. impend {near/approaching}

The UN has warned of an impending humanitarian disaster in the countryAs we impend , our enemies were alarmed. Police has announced an impending investigation against the president.Yet ministers has promised an impending reconstruction of Negombo Road. Well, as they impend to the victory crowd starting celebrating.

129. • Implications • Those are implication of globalisation.• These finding have critical implications on the economy of Sri

Lanka• Government is not keen on finding the implications on having

extra tax on the public.

130. Incapacitated {deprived of strength or power; debilitated}

my current vehicle is incapacitatedWell, my home is incapacitated , and I think I can live there anymore.

131. Incentives School should give incentives to the teachers to do extra class for weaker students.


We cant expect anything from the volunteers if we aren't going to gove them incentives.Incentives will encourage them to get involved in more community work.No incentives for the government servants from this budget.If I do not get through IELTS, I might have to face the dire consequnces sooner or leter, probably in the foreseeable future.

132. Indispensable • He was a indispensable player in the team.• We can not let indispensable players to walk away from the

office.• Those goods were really indispensable as there are plenty of

victims in refugee camps.• He is one of the indispensable Ministers in the Cabinet. • He is a indispensable developer in our team. • If I know the tech stak well, eventually I will become one of the

indispensable developer in the team. • Education, health and infrastructure are some of the

indispensable factors which government needs to pay attention.

133. indolent • He is very indolent person, and should be trained to be active• The government is very indolent in developing the country,

which the development process should be speed up.• These people can be recognised as indolent , as ethey do not

participate on anything.• He was a very indolent boy in the class room.

134. inducted (Properly inducted)•

135. Indulge {allow oneself to enjoy the pleasure of}

we indulged in some hot fudge sundaesWe indulged in some lovely cocktail and hot food. think that one of the ways the French table civilises us is that it asks us both to indulge our hungers and to control themWe indulge our selves at the spa.Indulge yourselves at the spa with a La Prairie "caviar" treatment.He indulge the slow bowling of Pakistan. They indulge themselves playing with SK. Gurunath Meiyappan, the son-in-law of BCCI president N Srinivasan, has been proved to have indulged in betting and passing on

136. Inevitability {Impossible to avoid or prevent.}

• There is a certain inevitability that technology will progress and become increasingly complex.

• There is a certain inevitability that India will win the next world cup as well.

• Whole libraries have been filled with the riddle of 1914. Was the war an accident or design, inevitable or planned, caused by sleepwalkers or arsonists


137. Inoculation - injection{the action of inoculating or of being inoculated; vaccination.}

• inoculation against flu was readily available• Against spin bowling of his kind, a lack of fear might be an

inoculation•

138. Insouciance {casual lack of concern; indifference.}

Mr Abbott’s apparent insouciance over revelations in November that Australia had spied on Indonesia’s leaders made that furore worseb. Politicians insouciance over infrastructure development have made it even worse. His insouciance could caused plenty of problems.

139. Inspiration [the idea (for doing something)

Room 101 gave George Orwell inspiration for his novel 1984.

140. Insurmountable {too great to be overcome}

The 28-year-old added: "A 2-0 lead is not insurmountable.He is an insurmountable employee, and definitely deserve to be the best.

141. Integrated • All the modules have not been integrated yet.• We have not integrated Jasper reports to the system yet.• Once all the components are integrated in the car, it should

look nice.• I need some help in integrating all the elements of this

computer.• Government should take measure to integrate peace among

all the races.• I am sure there should be a small component integrated to the

car circuit board.

142. intellectual • He can not violate intellectual property rights.• He is a person with superior intellect.• He has an intellectual way of speaking.• He is a person with intellectual skills.

143. intimate stuff {private and personal}

They post less intimate stuff to Facebook and more risqué material to networks not yet"going into intimate details of his sexual encountersWell, please do not talk intimate stuff with me. Please do not discuss intimate stuff with me.

144. Intriguing {arousing one's curiosity or interest; fascinating}

His speech was soo intriguing as we could not even remember where we are. Listening to a array of intriguing speeches. His speech was soo intriguing, and will be the deciding speech for his victory.

145. introverted • He does not has to be introverted in School, as he has been studying there for years.

• He was so introverted in the stage, and could not speak at all.• He was so introverted in the bus in the early days.

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• Some politicians are introverted yet they win good number of votes.

• I dnt wanted to be called introverted guys, so I am going to take the job.

146. Intuitive {using or based on what one feels to be true even without conscious reasoning; instinctive}

I had an intuitive conviction that there was something unsound in him

???

147. Ironically

148. Knitted : to draw together They both were knitted. He is filled with panic because all his students were knitting.The main problem would be knitting together these results.Knitting close bonds is what Smith's leadership was really about. As his captaincy matured.

149. Laudable {deserving praise and commendation.}

• laudable though the aim might be, the results have been criticized

• and though his overall figures against Sri Lanka are laudable• There were many people to welcome the laudable leader.• He is a laudable president.

150. Legitimate • I am Egypt's legitimate president.• Eventhough people rejects the current president , he is still

the legitimate president of this country.• Principle throughly stated that he is still the legitimate director

in this school and anyone who does not want to obey him , can walk from the gates.

• Shruyani Bandaranayeke stated that she is still the legitimate Cheif Justice of this country.

• He said was the legitimately elected president, and that he would not leave Ukraine and would not resign.

151. Liberating • India liberated from England in 1947.• Sri Lanka Liberated from England in 1948

152. Loftier - adjective {of imposing height}

• Still, minisetrs once had loftier ambitions.• the elegant square was shaded by lofty palms• well, just stop having loftier ambitions for once wilya. • 1 paceman but is increasingly struggling to live up to the

expectations of his lofty perch against Michael Clarke's team

153. Menacing {suggesting the presence of danger; threatening}

• a menacing tone of voice• I really didn't like the menacing tone of her. • Now Sri Lanka have a menacing bowling attack. • Well, his tone was menacing.


154. mimicked • I was mimicked by some of the young indian players.• I really dnt like people try to mimic me.• He can be hardly mimicked by any of the Software engineers.• No body like when their skills been mimicked by others

155. mellon collie {melancholy and the infinite sadness / oh / melancholy and the infinite sadness / infinite sadness}

•

156. most-hotly debated

157. Modest {unassuming in the estimation of one's abilities or achievements / relatively moderate, limited, or small}

• he was a very modest man, refusing to take any credit for the enterprise

• "drink modest amounts of alcohol"

158. necessity • Transport has become one of the main necessities of the working force

• Having a proper education is now a necessity of the soceity• Business credit card is almost a necessity in the modern

world.• I dnt find its a necessity of the poor people.• Internet have become one the top necessities of the modern

people.• Passing IELTS is now a necessity for me.• Water is one of the main necessities of any country. • Having a car was a necessity , and I do not have second

taught on that.

O

159. Obesity Obese

The first cause of obesity Nowadays very small children suffer from obesity.

160. Obsolete This vehicle is so obsolete and we need to service this soon.Sony Walkman is now obsolete and no more good to use. In proper maintenance has led that house to an obsolete state.His car was in a obsolete situation.Very soon the country is going to be in a obsolete situation.

161. Oppression {prolonged cruel or unjust treatment or control}

a region shattered by oppression and killing and no resistance to injustice and oppression is possibleVenesula is taken by oppression, and now more rebels can be seen in streets. The unrest stood against the oppression.o oppression in Ukraine ,


people have start protesting. Due to oppression , very soon there will be a political change.

162. Ousted [dive out, expel from a someone from his position.

The former president who was ousted in year 2013, are among the rebels who protest in the city.He stated even though he was ousted from the government, he is still the legitimate leader of this country.

163. out of the decision-making loop

If the general public is no more in the decision making loop, we can not expect any incentives for the government.

164. Overhaul [service,maintain]{take apart (a piece of machinery or equipment) in order to examine it and repair it if necessary}

First, the business of shipping goods across borders needs an overhaul.These antiquated housing scheme was give to overhaul , for some private constructors.

165. Overseen Principle has overseen the damage done by the pupils.Some one needs to oversee this students.The students were overseen during the general assembly. If children are not overseen properly there will be dire consequences surly. Childrens should be given time to play with their peers, yet should be overseen carefully. This car has to be Many of their members want the government to be replaced by an unelected "people's council" that would oversee wide reform of the political system

• A group of cross-party lawmakers would oversee the vote process and a steering group would seek public submissions for new flag designs, he said

166. overwhelming - very great in amount[enormous, immense, inordinate, massive, huge More]

• he was elected president by an overwhelming majority" synonyms:very large

• After defeats this overwhelming, the temptation is to not only throw the baby out with the bathwater but a

• But the traffic can be overwhelming at any given time.• Can't we do something about the overwhelming traffic and

dust. • Correspondents say less unrest is expected in the rural north

and east, because Ms Yingluck's Pheu Thai party has such overwhelming support

167. Occupations {the action, state, or period of occupying or being occupied by military force.}

• the Roman occupation of Britain"• At the latest mass rally in Independence Square on Sunday, some

protesters were highly critical of the decision to end the occupations•

168. Passive {accepting or The opposition leaders are also under huge pressure to come up

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allowing what happens or what others do, without active response or resistance}

with an action plan, amid criticism from many activists that the opposition has been too passivewe can not be passive about the corruption which take place in country. People of this country are soo passive against the corruption. Captian ca not be soo passive when their opponent playing so well.

169. Peril [danger] Hiking could be a peril activity.

P

170. Pave {cover , • the yard at the front was paved with flagstones• The UN Human Rights Council supports a resolution which

paves the way for an inquiry into abuses during the final phase of Sri Lanka'

171. persecuted{treated very badly or unfairly for a long time}

People are persecuted by this government t, yet no one is willing to take any action.

172. Persuade {Convince) I persuaded her to have the affair againGovernment should persuade the people to save more energy.No one will be able to persuade him to do the exam again.

173. Phenomenon : {a fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen, especially one whose cause or explanation is in question}

a. I think the international community should unite to fight such inhuman phenomena as terror attacks and the murder of totally innocent peopleb. glaciers are interesting natural phenomenac. The rise of WeChat is a business phenomenon in its own righd. The phenomenon

174. Pitfalls This could lead to efficiency pitfalls in the country.

175. precautionary measure I have not seen any precautionary measures taken by the government.

176. Preposterous {contrary to reason or common sense; utterly absurd or ridiculous}

• Human rights groups have dismissed some of the allegations against him as preposterous

• a preposterous suggestion• Please do not come with preposterous opinions , for what

ever I say. • Well, I am not buys his preposterous opinion. • He has always been a preposterous member in the

committee.

177. Prerogative {a right or privilege exclusive to a particular individual or class}

Women's prerogative Its Kings prerogative information. Its men's prerogative information. Its my prerogative information , which I am not willing to share.


178. pressuring

179. Presumably {used to convey that what is asserted is very likely though not known for certain}

it was not yet ten o'clock, so presumably the boys were still at the pubMany will presumably start looking again once job prospects improvePresumably there will be more loopholes in their government. Presumably there will be more corruption in the foreseeable future in this government. Presumably they will not play any attacking shots until they take the power play. Presumably he will not perform in the series as well. Presumable, he might not play in the third test as well.

• launch the latest iteration of its flagship smartphone range, presumably to be called the Galaxy S5.

180. Presumed [believed to be but not certain]

But the paintings then vanished; presumed destroyed.I presume , he is from Africa. He was presumed dead, yet surprise us all.

181. Profound – intense periods of protracted peace have repeatedly presented the most profound threatsprofound social changes.Well it a city with profound traffic.Well, they cold not play well with a profound audience cheering against them. There were profound.

182. proliferation With the proliferation• We are unable to handle the passenger proliferation anymore.• Proliferation of the employees have given more opportunities

to the company • It will take some time to proliferate the blood cells.

183. possessions{something that is owned or possessed.}

I had no money or possessions

184. prone These areas are more prone to the disasters. Phillipine is a country which is more prone to natural disasters. His overthrow in February 2011 left the northern Sinai prone to groups of jihadistsNDRSC stated that western province is more prone to the tyhoon.

185. Prospects He is a future prospect to the companyIf there was a good government we do not have to suffer from the prospects of inflation.I do understand the prospects of this action and the impact which would imply.Investment on education would result good prospects on my future. Children are future prospects of the nation. Manager told she is a good prospect.


186. proximity[nearness in space, time, or relationship.]

The proximity between the government and the opposition has decreased.temperatures can rise above 30C in Manaus, and its proximity to the Amazon rainforest means humidity levels hit over 95%.

187. Pugnacious {eager or quick to argue, quarrel, or fight.}

• the increasingly pugnacious demeanour of right-wing politicians

• There were typically pugnacious exchanges as the federal opposition accused conservative Prime Minister Tony Abbott of not doing enough to try to convince Toyota not to walk away.

188. Quadrupled found that the amount of gun violence in PG-13 films, those are films for thirteen or older, had more than quadrupled.My income has quadrupled since I start working in the banking sector.

189. Quantifying • The ceo produce all the figures quantifying the expenses of the annual trip.

• The ministry was unable to quantify the expenses of the previous year.

190. quite alarming The prospects for this are quite alarming

R

191. Ratified [made it official] Now the 50 countries which have ratified the convention on conventional weapons Well the president just ratified the decision.Well, we have to act before they ratified the decision.

192. re·vi·tal·ize / revitalising {imbue (something) with new life and vitality.}

a package of spending cuts to revitalize the economy

193. recreation • The hotel offer two indoor water recreation complexes.

194. refrained from {stopped himself from (doing or saying something)}

People should refrained from polluting the environment.If students do not refrained from playing during the school time there will be dire consequences.All students are strictly advised to refrained from any kind of violence during the big match.

195. Regimes[ways of working ]

The Rajapaksha regime denies the allegations of the Western.We can not agree with the regimes of this government.

196. Reiterate • You do not have to reiterate your point, we all do understand it very well.

• Do you want me to reiterate all the facts again.• Politician keep on reiterating the promises they made over

and over.


• Well its kind of boaring when she reiterate the facts over and over.

• We need not to reiterate the facts again since most of us did understand them quite well.

• The minster reiterated that anyone flouting the ban is likely to face unspecified punishments.

• And he also reiterated the UK's view that recent revelations about alleged mass surveillance by US security agencies

•

197. Reliant Britain will remain dangerously reliant on rising house prices

unless it liberalises its planning rules and invests more in air- ports, roads and other infrastructureThose days we were more reliant on friends. Well, Sri lanka will be reliant on their seamers and probably will consider having more seamers in the team.

198. Referendum (ballot, poll) {a general vote by the electorate on a single political question which has been referred to them for a direct decision}

• So if Mr Cameron is to get anywhere with his Europe policy—a pledge to renegotiate Britain’s membership of the EU before holding an in-out referendum he need her help.

••

199. Relish I relish working at Evolves.

200. repatriate{send (someone) back to their own countr}

• boosts profits of exporters when they repatriate their foreign earnings back home

• Well, we repatriate the good as they were expired.• Australian government has announced that they will repatriate

the illegal migrants and would not encourage it at all. • Well, if we try to go by boat , we are sure to repatriate in the

foreseeable future. • Undeniably we will be repatriate from if we get caught.

201. resemble She is in the Basket ball team which does not look resemble.Which look alike or can move with..

202. Repercussion { an unintended consequence of an event or action, especially an unwelcome one, } ;result, effect, outcome,

•

203. Restraint {. a measure or condition that keeps someone or something under control

Second, thanks to cheap energy, years of wage restraint and a relativelydecisions are made within the financial restraints of the budget

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204. Resentment {bitter indignation at having been treated unfairly}

• his resentment at being demote• I explained to Jim that his wife was experiencing twelve years

of accumulated resentment• Taking responsibilities for her problems was essential to

releasing her resentment.•

205. Revival • An improvement in the condition or strength of something: "an economic revival".

• An instance of something becoming popular, active, or important again.

• The sudden revival of his career after been fired, led him to settle down in Colombo.

206. Revival {an improvement in the condition, strength, or fortunes of someone or something}

The revival in house prices is testament to thatThere has been continuous revivals in the infrastructure , specially water service and road systems.Continuous revivals in economy would win the election for the current government.

207. Revive {restore to life or consciousness}

both men collapsed, but were revived• Many of these names have been nearly forgotten, and Mr

Winchester revives them with verve• we were unable to revive them as their condition was critical.• promised cuts in both public spending and taxes, in order to

help businesses create jobs and revive growth• Well, government should took measure to revive the economy

in the foreseeable future. • Undeniably , they will revive the economy.

208. rightful owner The wallet has to be return to the rightful owner. Former CJ stated the she is the rightful Chief Justice of courts.

209. Ring- fence {A ring fence is meant to protect the assets ...}

210. ripostea quick, clever reply to an insult or criticism.

• In an angry riposte to the growing tide of criticism• In an angry riposte, President Rajapaksha stated that both

parties are responsible of violating human rights. • We are not going to accept his riposte.• She s really good at riposte and I am sure if we don't have

answers it we will be struck.

211. rival • Two rival athletes were competing in the sportmeet.• He soon rivaled the others in speaking skills.


• Soon they become rivals on the same stage. • Sujatha and me are now acting as rivals. • Russia has always been rivals of United States.• In being the first to do, he denied the Australian rival, Jhon

Landy , the chance of achieving mortality in the field of athletics.

• it is still a long way behind rivals Samsung and Apple. • It has since reclaimed the top spot as the world's biggest

carmaker from US rival General Motors• He secured a whopping 73% of the vote, compared with 24%

for his Republican rival, Joe Lhota.• There were few rival demonstrations against the anti-

goverment protesters with bill boards and cutouts. • There was also a rival demonstration by pro-government

supporters, from the Sinhalese majority, calling for an investigation into alleged abuses during the period of British rule prior to 1948

• he PLA may be able to rival US capabilities in the region. • Vienna seized the opportunity presented by the assassination

of the archduke to attempt to destroy its Balkan rival Serbia

212. Scandals {an action or event regarded as morally or legally wrong and causing general public outrage}

You are responsible for these scandals. Well, these minsters are responsible of the current scandals. The trip comes as Mr Hollande is mired in low approval ratings at home and a personal scandal.

213. Shelled bombard with shells"several villages north of the security zone were shelled"Although the team was shelled and fired upon we managed to deliver 250 food parcels

214. Sceptical [ lacking trust or confidence in something ]

Meanwhile, sceptical members of the European Union, like Britain, where many would like a less rigid relationship with the EU, will be watching Switzerland's move with interest.She was soo sceptical about him, and informed the police. People should not be sceptical about the present government.There is no reason for you to become sceptical about the visitors. My friend was still sceptical about my behaviour. Scepticism about Myanmar’s economy also extends to official statisticsGiven his domestic record, voters have every reason to be sceptical that Mr Hollande will live up to his promises.And some relatives of Chinese passengers expressed scepticism about their conclusion, as the plane has not been found yet

215. scoured{clean or brighten the surface of

she scoured the cookeSix other planes are already at the Perth base, and scoured an area of the


(something) by rubbing it hard, typically with an abrasive or detergen};scrub, rub, clean, wash, cleanse, wipe

Indian Ocean the size of Denmark on Saturday

216. Scrutiny**• [critical

observation or examination.]

• The opening ceremony of the Commonwealth summit is under way in Colombo, amid continuing scrutiny of Sri Lanka's human rights record.

• Continuing scrutiny did not allow the students to leave the school before 2:00 pm.

• O’Connor’s presence on the two-week trip to South Africa and Argentina will now come under scrutiny in major doubt following a string of off-field incidents

• His tour will be under scrutiny , as he is a journalist.• The police investigation was the subject of intense scrutiny,

with the Talwars and some legal expert• Nevertheless, the case enthralled India, receiving almost

unprecedented levels of media scrutiny• has taken only four wickets in the opening two Tests at a cost

of 99.25 runs apiece, and his place has come under scrutiny• their interactions are more frag- • mented and personal, but also less subject to scrutiny and

censorship because their.• However, the opposition said that the government should

welcome media scrutiny

217. Sedentary {tending to spend much time seated; somewhat inactive}

• Sedentary life style• His sedentary behaviour is not going to help him to reduce his

weight. • Those who took up exercise were three times more likely to

remain healthy over the next eight years than their sedentary peers.

• Other people do very sedentary jobs

218. Sediments

219. Sentiment {Feeling or attitude}

But there was no hint of any anti-Islamic sentiment in the.I would like to work with a person who has a good sentiment of this project.

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220. Sentiments {a view or opinion that is held or expressed.}

If these defeatist sentiments seize us

221. Shelve {decide not to proceed with}

• Mr Yanukovych has said he shelved the EU deal after Russian opposition

• Principle stated that he shelved the proposal made by the staff as he does not see any benefits from it.

• Government should shelve any agreement with the private section which will harm the environment.

• Minister shelved the proposal from India and it will effect our economy a lot.

• It had been relying on Russia to buy some of its debt, but those bond purchases have been shelved amid tension between the neighbours

222. Soared {fly or rise high in the air}

Japanese business confidence has soared to its highest level in six years,

223. Sophisticated • The design is so sophisticated, where I could not even understand any of the design patterns used in it.

• The sophisticated design surprise most of us a great deal.

224. Speculation{form a theory or conjecture about a subject without firm evidence}

Whilst the absence of any official updates did little to help the speculation,There was no information about what was discussed, but correspondents speculate it was likely to include the suspendedInterpol, said in a statement that while it was too soon to speculate on any connection between the theft and the plane's disappearance

225. spiral[increased quickly]

• They also say healthcare costs would probably spiral, as we'd be forced to resort to newer, more expensive drugs and stay.

• Prices of fule would probaby spiral end of this week, probably in the foreseeable future.

226. Staggeringly {enormously: extremely; "he was enormously popular}

Unfortunately, o shore wind power is staggeringly expensive.But sometimes cooperate meetings can be staggeringly boaring hearing a cynical speech from the CEO or may from a Project manager David Tinsley from BNP Paribas, who described the overall figures as "staggeringly strongWell, We could have staggered the losses over several years. We decided to take them all in one year.Hundreds of satellites are in the Earth's orbit, people realise, with many taking imagery, some in staggeringly high quality.

227. STALKING

228. Stampede Few students were killed due to the stampede caused to rush

http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News/2014/N2014-038


of people.a) Due to the typhoon Haiyan , there were massive stampede in

the Talcoba city.

229. State-of-the-art The president is having a state-of-the-art house in heart of colombo.

230. Stipulations [ a term or a condition ]

We need to ensure that he is not going to define the stipulations of this game.If you loose I will be the one who is going to decide the stipulations after the match.

231. Stratigraphy* {is a branch of geology which studies rock layers and layering (stratification).}

• But from a geologist's point of view, this cave has the most amazing stratigraphy," she told BBC News

232. String Before the string of success..Well I am going through string of stressful days.Government had a string of successful election prior to the last one. England is experiencing string of losses in Australia, with there poor form with the bat. After watching a string of movies we were exhausted.

233. Stern {serious or unfriendly}

• a smile transformed his stern face• It will face stern competition from bigger, more established

brands

234. Stringent{strict, precise, and exacting}

California's air pollution guidelines are stringentGovernment have to take stringent measures to develop the economy.Well, government has taken stringent measures to rebuild the economy so they will probably win the election.

235. submissive • These students are very submissive• These students do have a very submissive attitude.• I am sure he is not submissive with his family.• Submissive females are sure to be in trouble.• I taught he is a very submissive person, in-fact he is not.• The audience was very submissive about my idea.

236. subterranean [undeground]

237. Substantive

238. Summoned order (someone) to be present.

Pakistan summoned the US ambassador over the weekend to protest over the drone strike. President summoned all the ministers who are involved with the allegations.Principle summoned the teacher who is involved with the theft.Minister summoned the secretary who is involved with corruption.

239. Suppress {forcibly put an • the rising was savagely suppressed


end to} • This belief was formed and reinfoced in childhood everytime she had to suppress her feelings, needs, or wishes.

•

240. Surcharge {an additional charge or payment}

There will surcharge for the late registration.For the late commers there will be a small surcharge.

T

241. though though not enough discussion of their fate to be depressing

242. Thronging [crowded full of people]

Where do you park your bicycle in a crowded, thronging city like Tokyo?Hosier Lane had clothing factories in the 1920s, now it's a hip showcase of urban art thronging with tourists

243. Tremors {a slight earthquake || an involuntary quivering movement}

Antofagasta told the BBC that there had been several tremors since the last quarter of last year.

244. to resort to[something which you have to do ,since there is no option]

They also say healthcare costs would probably spiral, as we'd be forced to resort to newer, more expensive drugs and stay.People were resort to shelters soon after the Typhoon Haiyaan,

245. Tow {(of a motor vehicle or boat) pull (another vehicle or boat) along with a rope, chain, or tow bar}

a pickup van towing a trailer

246. Traits :- Feature . Habits • Exaggerating has become one the most common traits of politicians

• Think about your personality traits ? Do you prefer to work alone or as a team ?

• Well I am sure those are traits of his family , where his farther was even worse.

• It has become some common traits of politician these days.

247. Tremendous Within a short time they have made a tremendous impact on our lives. Within a short period of time he has made a tremendous difference in work.

248. Treacherous {guilty of or involving betrayal or deception};presenting hidden or unpredictable dangers

• a treacherous Gestapo agent• a holidaymaker was swept away by treacherous currents• The unidentified objects have been seen in separate parts of

the vast search area, in some of the world's most treacherous and remote waters


;dangerous / unsafe /

249. Tremor {A tremor is an involuntary, somewhat rhythmic, muscle contraction and relaxation involving to}

250. Trenches* {A trench is a type of excavation or depression in the ground}

251. Treacherous {(of ground, water, conditions, etc.) presenting hidden or unpredictable dangers}

Road conditions in some areas were still treacherous.

252. TUSSLE. 1. : a physical contest or struggl

253. Undeniable • Government explanation is undeniable, though people do not want to accept.

• Government continue to be Silence , with the undeniable facts which the opposition have brought up.

• India's performances are undeniable.• Even though the facts are undeniable, Magistrates gave the

decision in favour of the Government.• I am sorry facts are undeniable and I have to sentence him to

death. • People are still not convinced by the undeniable truth. • Its an undeniable fact that, government has not invested on

the economy from this budget.

254. Unequivocal : {leaving no doubt; unambiguous}unequivocally

an unequivocal answerHe argues that big banks are unequivocally good despite ample evidence that they pose a greater danger to the rest of the nancial system than smaller onesWell, please make sure you answer this question unequivocally. Its really important they answer that question unequivocally. Unequivocally , he is the best bowler in the team.Unequivocally he will win the election this tie as well. Unequivocally he is the best President ever to lead Sri Lanka.

255. Unheeded {heard or noticed but disregarded}

to perform final religious rites. Both appeals wentProtests were unheeded by the the government.

256. unimaginable They will bring a lot of benefits but they will also increase the potential for unimaginable chaos.The chaos this can create is unimaginable.I am sure if he is given enough time and training his performances will be unimaginable.


257. Upheaval{a violent or sudden change or disruption to something.}

• The fight was soo upheaval, where the referees could not control the players.

• The protest was soo upheaval, where the policeman could not control.

• Upheaval protest lead government to reduce fuel prices. • I am not sure whether the government would be able to stop

these upheaval protests. • If confirmed, Mr Chang's removal would be the biggest

upheaval in North Korea's leadership since Mr Kim succeeded his father, analysts say

258. upholds

259. Urbanisation {Urbanization (or urbanisation) refers to the increasing number of people that live in urban areas}

260. Urge • President urge students to stay clam during the election time.• Teacher urge students to stay clam and quite during the free

times.• Farther urge his children to not to fall into trouble.• We should urge the government to reduce the oil prices soon. • He urged the authorities to show "generosity" to all Sri

Lankans.• P.M urge the rebels to stay clam , and avoid any violence. • Scientists had urged it not to back the project, saying the

sediment could smother or poison coral•

261. variegatedexhibiting different colors, esp. as irregular patches or streaks

very large and scientifically variegatedvariegated yellow bricks

262. Vehemently Vehemently denies the such event took place.

263. Ventured • Lot of people have ventured in this business.• If you need to venture in this area you need to work hard. • He has ventured in this business though he started with small

quantities. • If you need to venture on this area of research , you need to

work hard. • Lot of my class mates have ventures in the game of football.

264. versatile Students versatile development.That car was a versatile vehicle where we can even load few cubes


of goods, if we need.Schools versatile development.

265. Vicinity {the area near or surrounding a particular place.}

266. vicious • He was a vicious spinner of the ball.• I have vicious headache, and I am sure panadols would not

help.• That would help us to get away from our vicious life.• His spell was vicious.

267. virtue • I have no idea of the virtue of physiology • I explained the virtues of using open source application to the

audience.• Our CEO explained the virtues of finishing work on time.• But the virtues of these languages should not be ignored by

any means. • He is a man with virtues of simplicity and confidence.• The virtues of the education has to be taught to the students

quickly.• Real virtues of going behind closed doors• Children need to know the virtues of sharing and caring.

268. Whereupon {immediately after which}

he qualified in February, whereupon he was promoted to SergeantHe was badly injured, whereupon was taken to the hospital immediately.He saw the batsman falling down whereupon he took the ball and threw it to the wicket keeper.

269. Whisks [takes something somewhere else suddenly and quickly]

A robot gracefully whisks your bike 11 metres underground.Her bag was whisks in seconds , and she shouted for help.

270.

271. Withered - become dry and shrivelled

272. Yield • Having an extra fast bowler has not yield positive results.• Well staying long hours is not going to yeild good results end

of the day.• My hard work has yield good results so far.• These sort of summits is not going to yield positive results. • New rules have not yield any positive results to the economy.• Rohit Sharma, Ajinkya Rahane, Suresh Raina and Ambati

Rayudu all yielding poor returns

Chapter 3 - Words know and best to have in a essay.

Index Word Example

1 In the best interest I am doing this in the best interest of our country.I am not quite sure the politicians are doing their service in the best interest of the country.

2 Fundamentally Those are very basic fundamentals.Fundamentally he is not going to get older than her, yet just look at her.

3 Admittedly

4 Despite Despite the fact that these languages are very useful, it also can add an additional overhead to the students.

5 Convinced

6 Break the ice It was a good opportunity for us to break the ice.

7 Undoubtedly Undoubtedly , he is one of the best bowlers in the world.Undoubtedly he will be the President of Sri Lanka.Undoubtedly they will increase the GAS prices by 100/-

8 sparked a heated debate

The election results sparked a heated debate among the peer politicians.When mum announced his last will, all of a sudden it sparked a heated argument.

9 Despite the fact that . Despite the fact that oil prices have gone up, there are plenty of development is being done by the government.

10 Despite the argument above

Despite the argument above, there was no other contradictions among the peer politicians.

11 Unfortunately Unfortunately he could not made it to the final.

12 However However I am going to ask about this from the teacher.

13 As I mentioned before

As I mentioned before, there have been plenty of developments in the country.

14 I'm writing to enquire.

I am writing to enquire about an vacancy which was published in the Sunday observer.

15 From my perspective From my perspective, I would say government should increase the health facilities of the country.

16 Admittedly

17 Having a significant impact

Having an additional fast bowler will have significant impact on the side.

Dark day It was a dark day in the election

Regular occurrence

But what is less known

devastating

Scared Stiff

Shaking like a leaf

It sends shivers up and down on my spine.

at that point of time If you are free at that point of time, please do visit.

In a separate In a separate statements,

Grimy (dirty) Representatives were stunned by the grimy cities of sri lanka.

tower of strength When his farther died, his brother become the tower of strength.

where he reveals only what he chooses

Subject of Dinner -party discussion

Chapter 4 - Preposition – lessons

Index INC/C Mistaken preposition Correct preposition

1 In/of In• summer in

Of• summer of 1962•

2 In/at • In home• In Lunchtime• he is starting work in the beginning

of August. • In a high rate

• At home • Anybody at home• She will return at the lunch time.• He will be starting work at the beginning

of September. • At lunchtime.• He is starting work at the beginning of

August.• At a high rate• in a statement• Although the PS4 launched first in the

US, it will not go on sale in the UK and

3 From/at • From London University • At London University• She got graduated at London university.• She got graduated at ANC university.

4 For/to • For three question • To three questions• He fail to answer to three question.• to identify

5 On/at • On the end of June • At the end of June• At the end of November I will be getting

graduated.• She will be coming at the end of October.

6 On/in • Of his own on the summer • Of his own in the summer.• In the summer of 69 is one of the famous

songs. •

7 In/ on Has not got enough money to live in Has not got enough money to live onBad things happens yet life goes on.I am sure he knows how to live on.

8 In/among

Bad habits in Children Bad habits among children You should not cultivate bad habits among children.

9

10

11

Table from BBC

At – for times of the day

at half past 7at midnightat sunset at breakfast time

On - for days and dates

on the 5th of Juneon Tuesdays, on Saturday morningon Christmas day

In - for longer periods of time

in Aprilin 1987in the winter/ summer of 1976in the 1930s

No preposition – for some time words

nextlasttomorrowyesterday

1. The decline in activity on weibo has been real and measurable.2.

Chapter 5 - List of words which the spellings are differ from British to America.

Index British English American English

1 Centre Center

2 Organiser Organizer

3 Unauthorised unauthorized

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

Sample preposition:

In:***1. in many ways2. in public libraries 3. And In the Dutch city of Amstradam.4. Rhetoric has risen in recent days with Japan reporting increased activity in the area.5. he intrusions by China in the territorial waters around the Senkaku islands fall in the 'grey zone6. Japan should be more assertive in countering China in Asia.7. she was arrested in 2009 in connection with

At:***1. d

To:1. d

On:***1. it can be solved by focusing on rehabilitation rather than punishment itself2. Experts were unsure on how big a shake-up for th3. Motorola said that it had been working on the project for more than a year.4.

For:**1.

Special Notes

• Month and a Day :- on ex: He went to hospital on January 1st.

• If you have “the” → at is recommended.• Beginning / End of months use :- at.

He start working at the beginning of August.• The conjunctions if and unless are followed by a Present tense in sentences about the future, for

example.• General Rule : In English, only ONE Future tense is necessary in sentences about the future

which contain certain conjunctions. After these conjunctions , a Present tense (Simple or Continuse) or Present Perfect tense is used.If , unlsess, → before , when , until , as soon as , after.

• Both I had and I would have the same short term.• “been” → indicates the “passive” form.

Sample “:” sentences1. Horse farms around Reykjavík offer some truly unforgettable tours: from trotting through lava

fields under the midnight sun to riding to the beautiful Gullfoss

http://www.eldhestar.is/

2.

5 Activity Plan • Writing essay and a letter every day morning • Completing the actions plans on reading and writing • Do three reading tests within the 5 days of the week.• Finish the Grammar chapter 7. • Get the Book 5

Overall Plan 3 action items • Read another 10 more articles •

All Reading

Book 1 - finishedBook 2Book 3 - finishedBook 4 - finishedBook 5 – 4 finished Book 6 – 4 Book 7 – 6 – 4 finished Book 8 - 6 – 6 Finished Book 9 - 6Pratice Test – 1 – finished Online Practice test – 1

Chapter 6 - Reporting Table :

Test One Test Two Test Three Test Four Gen Test One Gen Test Two

List Red W1 W2 SP List Red W1 W2 SP List Red W1 W2 SP List Red W1 W2 SP Rd W1 W2 Rd W1 W2

Book 1 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D - - -

Book 2 D D D D D R8 D D D R7 D D R6 W4 D* D D D* D D

Book 3 D D D* D D D D D D D D D D* D D D* D D

Book 4 D D D D D D D D D D D D D R5 D D D D D D D D

Book 5 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D* D D

Book 6 D D D D D D D D D D D D

Book 7 D D D D D D D D D D* D D D D D D D

Book 8 D! D D D* D D! D D D D* D! D D D D D! D D D D D* D D D* D D

Book 9 D* D D D D* D D D D* D D D D* D D D D D D D D D

Remaining Exams: as at 2013/11/29 Total hr required 36Listening – 00 = (45x06) – achievable – achieved !!! 2014/01/14 New Task 8 Listening Reading – 06 = (60 x 08) G5-A3 Writing Task 1 – None New Task – 20 Letters from the web Writing Task 2 - 4 ( 40 x5) – achievable Speaking Task - none (15 x 13) = achievable Saturday

Reading Listening

Book 9 6 0 4 0

Book 8 6 6 4 4

Book 7 6 5 - 1GT 4 3

Book 6 4 0 4 0

Practice Test 1 1 1 4 1

Practical test 2 1 0 0 0

Chapter 7 - Daily Calendar Date Reading BBC/

With simulating Reading Skills

Writing 20 sentences from the Vocabulary

Writing Task 1

Writing Task 2

Reading/ Listening

Grammar review

18/11/20135+ Done Done Done Done

19/11/2013 Done Done Done Done Done

20/11/2013 Done 1 hour Done Done Done Done ½ Done

21/11/2013 Done Done 2 Readings1 Listening

22/11/2013 Done Done Done Done Done ½

23/11/2013 Done 2 Reading1 Listening

Done ½

24/11/2013 Done Class Done Done Class Class

25/11/2013 Done 1hr Done(10) Done Done Done Done

26/11/2013 Done 1hr Done 8 Done Done(Red) Done

27/11/2013 Done ½ hr Done Done Done(Lis) Done ½

28/11/2013 Done ½ hr Done ½ Done Done ½ Done ½

29/11/2013 Done 5min+ Done Full Done 1 Done (Lis)

30/11/2013 Done 1+1 Done Red

01/12/2013 Done 20 min Class Class Class Done Red Class

02/12/2013 Done 10 min Done Done Lis/Rd

03/12/2013 Done 20 min Done Done Li/Rd

Done

04/12/2013 Done 20 min Done Done Lis Done

05/12/2013 Done 20 min Done Done lis/Red

Done

06/12/2013 Done Done None

07/12/2013 Done 20 min Done 1+1 Done 2R,1L,Sp1

08/12/2013 Done Done Sp5,

09/12/2013 Done Done Sp1, L1,R1

Done

10/12/2013 Done Done Sp1,L1,R1 Done

11/12/2013 Done Done Done Sp3,L1 Done

12/12/2013 20 min Sp5,L1,R1 Done

13/12/2013 5 min Done 1+1 Done W2 R2,L1 Done

14/12/2013

Daily Time Table4:30 – 6:05 – Study 1:00 – 1:25 – BBC Reading 5:00 - 5:35 – One it Tutorial 7:30 – 8:00 Str. Essay 8: 00 – 8:45 Essay 9:30 – 10:00 Listening 10:00: - 11:00 Reading11:00 – 11:15 Speaking11:30 – 4:30 Sleeping

Date Reading BBC/Book

Writing Structured Essay

Writing Essay/ Letter

Listening Reading Test

Speaking One It

4:45 – 55min = 3:50min

25 min/25min

30 min 45 min 35 min 1hr 12min 1 hr/30min

2014/01/01

2014/01/02

2014/01/03

2014/01/04

2014/01/05

2014/01/06

2014/01/07

2014/01/08

2014/01/09

2014/01/10

2014/01/11

2014/01/12

2014/01/13

2014/01/14

2014/01/15

2014/01/16

2014/01/17

2014/01/18

2014/01/19

2014/01/20

2014/01/21

2014/01/22

2014/01/23

2014/01/24

2014/01/25

2014/01/26

2014/01/27

2014/01/28

2014/01/29

2014/01/30

Chapter 8 - Writing Essays

Education should be freePosition : Education should be freeEx Question: Universities should take the same number of men and women in each major. To what extent do agree or disagree?

Understanding the questionsPlease read the question and analyse, otherwise examiner will think is a memorise essay.(A). ***Paraphrasing the statement, to check your own understanding. (2min) ex: Post secondary education

ought to accept equal number of make and female students ? To what degree do you think this is correct or in-correct ?

Make sure you understand the clearly. Collects very useful vocabulary.Gives deeper thoughts about the question. Synonyms will be useful.

(B). Identifying the topic and the controlling ideas. (Keep it simple as possible)Topic is the subject , what or who the question is concerned? For an example the above the

topic is “University ” which is usually a noun!Controlling idea :Is everything that is connected to that topic?. Ex: C.I :- Same number of men

and women in every major?.Use the original question but not the paraphrase. Limited

Planning the correct response {Try to do it in your mind. }(C) Use a critical thinking and ask What , Why and How about the topic and the controlling ideas ? {Keep the

question and answer simple}Writing a strong essay.

Introductory Paragraph {A simple and an interested statement. Avoid questions, yet use rhetorical question, try to create a statement, which would make the reader is interesting ?}

(Use a 5 space indent, when starting a paragraph.) . (Hook) Universities are the source of cultural evolution for society. (Background) Why its important to discuss? :- the institute of university is responsible for advancing generations through higher level education and research. Some individuals believe that universities should encourage equality among men and women by accepting equal numbers into every subject. (Thesis statement) Although the gender equality is important I believe that universities should admit students into each major according to their grades and interest.

Body Paragraph (Topic sentence, need to include your point of thesis).Academic scores should be used by universities to decide which applicants are admitted into specific major regardless of their gender. (Should be followed by the explanation) Many majors require students to be hard working and smart , so the best way to see this is by checking their academic scores. (Examples ) For instance students who wish major in medicine must show high academic aptitude because they will have much responsibility to take care of people's health. Therefore , universities must consider grades rather than having the same number of men and women in this (Concluding sentence )

• Step One -paraphrase.• Always ask the question ? What ?How ? Why ? And :- can include in the intro ??• try to start with a small sentence. • TOPIC SENTENCE AT THE BEGGINING OF THE PARA.• Always try to link the rest of the sentences to the topic sentence.• Try to give an example in each paragraph.

Structure

Introduction Para,1. General Statement2. Thesis statement 3. An introduction to the reason – high level, covering all the “F”s.

Start with the topic sentence1. State your point2. Develop the answer3. give examples/ relate to your personal experience 4. End with a lead sentence to the next point

List of words which are commonly used.

Word Synonyms

Really Trulyhonestly Actually

Influence Effect weightimpact

Country Statenationskingdom

Society Communityculturecivilisations

Environment Habitatnature

Government Authoritiesadministrationregimegoverning assembly,

As well as Additionally ,besides ,furthermore ,moreover,

Increase Expand,growth,

http://thesaurus.yourdictionary.com/assembly

List of uncountable nouns

Accommodation leisure

art Literature

Assistance Luggage

Baggage

Cardboard

cheese

coffee

content**

Corruption**

distribution**

Economics

employment

Energy

Equipment

Ethics

Failure**

Fruits /Fruit

Furniture

glass

hardware

homework

Ice cream

information

Labour

Chapter 09 – Writing Letters.• In any letter , please give your information, ex: I would like to report an incident that concerns

the public Lirary. My name is Jenny and I have been a member of the Library since 2004. My Id numver is BH.....

• I found to my surprise … please know how this is being used.

• If you are using a name, please make it “CAPITAL”

• Try to use this:

1. Clearly, the person who is responsible ….

2. I will be looking forward to such heightened measures.

• Please write one paragraph for each point.

Proactive statements

• I look forward to hear from you soon.

• I am looking forward to hearing from you.

• I hope this will not cause any difficulties for you.

Structure of the Letter

Introductory 1. Relationships : I am glad to admit that our cafeteria has been very useful, especially for undergraduate students 2. Reference :Because my seniors recommend your agency as the best in the country.

3. Reasons : I am writing to seek help and advice to obtain a part time job.

Body:Explain the Situation Para 1Para 2

Action Paragraph State what action you are expecting from the person Or if it is a friend , just tell what you expect him to do.

Proactive sentence

Yours faithfully / Your Sincerely / Best Wishes Rashendra

Chapter 10 - Grammar

(Taught/teach) , (thought/think) , through , trough ,though

1. Through the fence

2. He should be taught a lesson

3. I had that thought long time back.

Subject verb agreement 1. Has everybody gone out of the room

2. Anyone has a pencil with them?

3. Everything which I have achieved has vanished like nothing.

4. Everybody has to go this trip, its essential.

5. Has anyone seen my watch.

6. Mathematics is one of the hardest subjects.

7. Rabies has to be eradicated from the country.

8. Media need to learn a lesson.

9. Media have improve a lot since new rules have set up.

10. Sirasa TV news has finished already.

11. People are protesting in streets.

12. Children are playing in the ground.

13. Data have been transmitted successfully.

Relative clause ? ???Learn

Verb , Object , to + infinitive

I advised her not to go that party.

I allowed them to stay for one night.

I asked him, whether he can stay with us.

I begged her to not to forget.

Teacher commanded students to sit down.

I forced him to stay our of my life.

Teacher instructed them to do their homework before the holiday ends.

I invited them to come for our party.

President ordered minsters to save more money.

I permitted him to open my lap top.

I wanted them to see my lands at Kalutara.

I reminded them about the deeds which they have to pay.

I persuaded them to collect more money from office.

Chapter 12 - Grammar structures to be uses

Special CorrectionsYou can use “the” once we have introduce the object or the thing. For example for the fist time you use “a” and secondly you use “the” book.

Uncountable Nouns

Nouns are usually countable or uncountable. Numbers, plurals and the articles 'a' and 'an' are NOT normally used with uncountable nouns.

Accommodation Equipment Information Patience Rubbish Advice

Furniture Luggage Pollution weather

Because / Because of

Because :- because + subject + verb

Because he felt ill , he didn't go to the party.

Because of :- because of + noun phrase or verb-ing

Regret :- {subject +regret(s) + verb-ing Or Noun

I regret taking my umbrella.

I regret not taking my umbrella.

Definite articlesYou can use “the” once we have introduce the object or the thing.

1. It refer to something or someone both speakers in a conversation know about: ex;I've got two children – a boy and a girl. The boy is 7 and the girl

2. before seas, rivers , and groups of mountains or islands.

The Athlantic, the Nile, The Himalayas , The Philipines

3. If there is only one of these people or things.

The King, the UN , the Sun , the White House.

4. With Superlatives

the tallest, the fastest , the most expensive , the best

Present Simple Passive

1. Paper is made from from wood

2. Tigers are found in India

3. Nobody is allowed to smoke in the office.

4.

Past Simple Passive

1. The bridge was open in 1977.

2. He was not allowed to go out and get a drink

3. The pyramids were built by Egyptians.

Present Continuous Passive.

1. The bridge is being painted this year.

2. The interviews are being held in the office.

Present Continuous (Subject + to be + present participle )

1. I am living in Birmingham

2. We are studying at University.

3. I am not smoking these days.

Past Continuous Passive

1. The bridge was being painted this year.

2. The interviews were being held in the office.

Present Perfect (and Past Simple) {Subject + has/have + past participle}

1. I have heard the news.

2. He has not said anything.

Question : Has/Have + subject + past participle.

3. Have you heard the news?

Wish + Past Perfect {Subject + wish/wishes + past perfect }

Past Perfect : subject + had / hadn't + past participle

1. I wish I had bought a new coat.

2. She wishes she had not bought a new coat.

3. Does she wish she had not bought a new coat ?

The present perfect passive.

1. The house has been painted this year.

2. The children have been given their medicine.

Should have/Should not have + past participle

1. Matt should have worn a clean shirt.

2. He should not have been {be, was/were/been}late.

The Question form of this ?

3. Should Matt have worn a clean shirt?

Second conditional

If + Past Simple + Would /Would not + Infinitive

1. If you lost your passport it would take ages to get another one.

2. If it cost me a fortune I wouldn't be able to take you on holiday again.

Question form ?

3. If it cost me a fortune, would I be able to take you on holiday again ?

4. If I couldn't take you on holiday would not we save lot of money ?

Would/Would not + infinitive + Past Tense

1. I would marry him tomorrow If I thought*** he really loved me.

2. I would forgive you if you apologised.

Past Tense

Kk

Simple Present

Present Continuous

Future Tense :- Subject + will + base infinitive

• We use 'will' for decisions which we make at the moment of speaking, something which hasn't been planned before.

•

Chapter 13 - 5 Things to do after listening the record.

1. Place al the names in “CAPITALS”

2. Match the verb / subject agreement , with plural and singular. Read the sentence again and check with the amount of words

3. Check the spellings

4. Summarise the sentence if necessary.

5. Look for the correct version of the word; ex: Economical over economics?

6. Look for the “the”..

Chapter 14 – Doing the Exam – IELTS

Listening1. Write what you have to do after the exams.

Reading Skimming

1. Read the first paragraph

2. Read the first sentence of each paragraph.

3. Read the last sentence paragraph.

4. Look at the questions.

TRUE/FALSE/NG

False :- We should be able to say that is wrong by looking at the text.

N/G :- We cant locate the answer, usually takes time. If it takes time to decide give the benefit of the doubt to N/G

Yes- You should be able to prove the answer.

Writing

SpeakingPart One

• sport work

• hobbies

• free time activities

• shopping

• reading writing

• family

Correct verb tense :- Refer to the verb tense . Think about the tense which you are going to use.

Present simple tense for day to day activities

• Give more than one examples, which allows you to talk more. Talk more on the examples.

• Try to use “for instance” …

• Try to divide the answer into three parts from general to specific.

• Always include your relation ship when you mentioned a name.

• Tell something about the person.

• Use the words such as “Huge” and “enormous”, “assume”,

• ??Know the words which we can use for comparisons ?

• Use “Are you asking me how the parties have changed recently”

• Redundant phrases : use them. Try to form more redundant phrases.

Ex: That's an interesting question

I am not quite sure about that … if you are asking me ??

• I definitely prefer …

• He never gave up what he believed in ….

• It needs to be favourable …

• You should know the point of living ?..

• Yes certainly, (Please use this when he asked for the ID)

• There are certainly lot of things which should be changed …

• I travelled extensively ….

• In the same we have seen in other countries …

• Yes , certainly very noticeable..

• Where technology has become hope of everything ..

• Use Firstly, Secondly , Thirdly etc …

• Do not use bad, :- poor, unacceptable , unpleasant , nasty ,

• Do not use good.. :- perfect , fine , skilful,

• I really love, I prefer playing , I enjoy ..

• Do not repeat the question, yes there are plenty of sports which I like..

• I want to talk about one of my possessions ...

Areas :

Sports Games in our Country

About a Trip and Advantures journey

Travelling experience / How / where

Adjective to describe something

About Myself

Neighbours /

Magazines / TV programmes / NewsPaper

School Days / Uni Days / One experience

About Parents /

HomeTown / Village

Chapter 15 – Project Beta β

Daily Practices 1. Read BBC – 4 articles

2. Read Economist 3 Articles

3. Read stories – 2 pages

4. Write one Letter / Essay

5. Write 5 sentences/ or capture 5 sentence

Weekend Practices 1. Listening Test

2. Reading Test

Date Read BBC Read Economist Read Story Letter/ Essay 5 Sentence

2014/02/10

2014/02/10

2014/02/11

2014/02/12

2014/02/13

2014/02/14

2014/02/15

2014/02/16

2014/02/17

2014/02/18

2014/02/19

2014/02/20

2014/02/21

2014/02/22

2014/02/23

2014/02/24

2014/02/25

2014/02/26

2014/02/27


2014/02/28

2014/03/01

2014/03/02

2014/03/03

2014/03/04

2014/03/05

2014/03/06

2014/03/07

2014/03/08

2014/03/09

2014/03/10

2014/03/11

2014/03/12

2014/03/13

2014/03/14

2014/03/15

2014/03/16

2014/03/17

2014/03/18

2014/03/19

2014/03/20

2014/03/21

2014/03/22

2014/03/23

2014/03/24

2014/03/25

2014/03/26

2014/03/27

2014/03/28

2014/03/29

2014/03/30

2014/03/31

2014/04/01

2014/04/02


2014/04/03

2014/04/04

2014/04/05

2014/04/06

2014/04/07

2014/04/08

Documents

How We Can Start Essay.odt 0