How to Virtualize Infrastructure Workloads. Virtualization concepts Virtualization planning and deployment Domain controller and infrastructure service

How to Virtualize Infrastructure Workloads

• Virtualization concepts

• Virtualization planning and deployment

• Domain controller and infrastructure service consolidation

• Monitoring virtual machines

What Will We Cover?

Level 200

• Experience supporting Windows servers

• Experience supporting Microsoft networks

• Understanding of virtualization concepts

Helpful Experience

• Planning Virtualization

• Consolidating Infrastructure Services

• Virtualizing Domain Controllers

• Monitoring with MOM 2005

Agenda

Enterprise IT Challenges

•GrowthGrowth•Customer serviceCustomer service•Regulatory complianceRegulatory compliance•Device managementDevice management•Varying skill setsVarying skill sets•MobilityMobility



•PC maintenancePC maintenance•Server sprawlServer sprawl•Legacy platformsLegacy platforms•Deployment and Deployment and maintenancemaintenance•Identity managementIdentity management•Software updatesSoftware updates



•Malicious attacks, Malicious attacks, viruses, spam, and moreviruses, spam, and more•Evolving threatsEvolving threats•Patch management, Patch management, VPN, and so onVPN, and so on•Secure access Secure access (employees, partners, (employees, partners, and customers)and customers)

•PC maintenancePC maintenance•Server sprawlServer sprawl•Legacy platformsLegacy platforms•Deployment and Deployment and maintenancemaintenance•Identity managementIdentity management•Software updatesSoftware updates

Virtualization Usage Scenarios

Legacy applicationmigration



Server consolidation



Test and developmentautomation




Test and developmentautomation


Disaster recovery

Assess / PlanAssess / PlanAssess current workloads and plan Assess current workloads and plan

consolidation optionsconsolidation options

Virtualization Process

Build / DeployBuild / DeployVirtualize workloadsVirtualize workloads






OperateOperateManage the virtualized Manage the virtualized

infrastructureinfrastructure

Build / DeployBuild / DeployVirtualize workloadsVirtualize workloads


CPU utilization:

Average and peak usage?

CPU scaling:

Will workload need to scale beyond one processor?

Assessing Workload Requirements

Network:

What is the saturation level produced by workload?


Memory:

What is the average and peak memory usage of the workload?


Storage:

What is the average read/write usage?

Is shared storage required?


Support:

Is the application supported within a virtualized environment?

What about hardware requirements?


Isolation:

Does the workload need to be isolated from other workloads?


CPU Considerations

• Host supports up to 32 processors

• One virtual processor per virtual machine (VM)

Scales multiple VMs across multiple processors

• Virtual Server provides CPU allocation controls

Maximum

Relative weight

Reserve

CPU Capacity Planning

• Calculate current processor requirements:

# of CPUs x CPU speed x CPU utilization

2 processors x 2000 MHz x 10% utilization= ~400 MHz

• Calculate target CPU capacity:

# of processors x CPU speed

2 processors x 3600 MHz = 7200 total MHz

• Reserve 25% for the host

.25 x 7200 = 1800 MHz

7200 -1800 = ~5400 MHz available

Network Considerations

• Maximum four NICs per virtual machine

• Virtual NIC emulates a 10/100 MB/s NIC

• Separate host and virtual machine traffic

• Dedicate a NIC to the host

• Use multiple virtual networks to isolate traffic

• VMs with heavy traffic can become a bottleneck

Network Capacity Planning• Determine current bandwidth requirements:

# of VMs x NIC speed x NIC utilization

12 VMs x 100 Mb/s x 40% utilization = 480 Mb/s

4 VMs x 1000 Mb/s x 25% utilization = 1000 Mb/s

Total needed = 1480 Mb/s

• Calculate target NIC capacity:

# of NICs x NIC speed

2 NICs x 1000 Mb/s = 2000 Total Mb/s bandwidth

• Assume 75% Gb Ethernet efficiency

.75 x 2000 = 1500 Mb/s available

Memory Considerations

• Up to 64 GB host memory

• Maximum 3.6 GB RAM per VM

• VMs require as much as physical computers

• Virtualization adds ~32 MB of overhead

Memory Capacity Planning

• # of computers x (current RAM + 32 MB)

12 computers x (1024 + 32) = 12672 MB

4 computers x (2048 + 32) = 8320 MB

Total required = 20992 MB or ~21 GB

Disk I/O and Storage Considerations

• VMs use as much disk I/O as physical computers

• Separate host operating system and virtual disks I/O paths

• Configure host systems with multiple I/O paths

• Used fixed-size disks instead of dynamic

• Use Virtual SCSI for best performance

KB Article 903748 – More performance tips

Host Cluster Support

• Uses Windows Server 2003 EE/DTC clustering

• FC-SAN and iSCSI-SAN or direct attached storage

• Planned downtime:

<10 seconds for 128 MB VM via 1GbE iSCSI (1 spindle)

<4 seconds for 512 MB VM via 2Gb FC (3 spindles)

<8 seconds for 1 GB VM via 2Gb FC (3 spindles)

• Unplanned downtime

Automatic failover to another cluster node

Migration OptionsMigration Options

• Virtual Server Migration Toolkit (VSMT 1.1) - free

• PlateSpin PowerConvert (www.platespin.com)

• Leostream P>V Direct 2.0 (www.leostream.com)

• HP Service Migration Pack 2.0 (www.hp.com)

Build and Deploy Considerations

• x64 hosts are faster and have better memory management

• Intel VT/AMD virtualization technology hardware improve installation and guest performance

• Dual-core CPUs balance workload and are faster than hyperthreading

Hardware SuggestionsHardware Suggestions


Provisioning New MachinesProvisioning New Machines

• Store a library of virtual machine operating systems

• Prep stored VMs with Sysprep

• Copy the VM to provision a machine in minutes

• Script the process with COM API






Agenda

Consolidating WINS Servers

1. Review existing infrastructure

2. Install WINS service on VM

3. Configure WINS service on VM

4. Copy, and possibly convert, database

Consolidating DHCP Servers

1. Review and back up existing infrastructure

2. Export DHCP settings and copy to VM

3. Stop DHCP service or disconnect old server

4. Install DHCP service on VM

5. Import DHCP settings

Consolidating DNS Servers

1. Install DNS service on VM

2. Initiate zone transfer

- or -

2. Copy zone files to VM

3. Determine status of old DNS servers

Demo

Consolidating Infrastructure Services

Consolidate WINS Servers Consolidate DHCP Servers Consolidate DNS Servers

demonstration




• Managing Infrastructure with MOM 2005

Agenda

Advantages of Virtualizing DCs

• Consolidation

Active Directory Domain Controller

Exchange ServerWeb Server

SQL Server


• Consolidation

• Testing


• Consolidation

• Testing

• Administration


• Consolidation

• Testing

• Administration

• Deployment

Disadvantages of Virtualizing DCs


• Administration


• Administration

KB Article 875495 – Windows Server 2003 KB Article 885875 – Windows 2000 Server


• Administration

• Performance


• Administration

• Performance

• Security

Deployment Considerations

Virtual machine placement



FSMO role-holders



FSMO role-holders

Global catalog servers



FSMO role-holders

Global catalog servers

Bridgehead servers

Domain controllers running in virtual machines, application

services running on host

Virtualization Scenarios




Domain controller running on host, applications running in

virtual machines




Domain controller running on host, applications running in

virtual machines

DCs and applications running in virtual machines, no application

services on host

Create and secure folder for storing virtual machine files

Security Recommendations


Audit access to folder and monitor security logs




Secure Virtual Server Administration Web site




Secure Virtual Server Administration Web site

Use Group Policy to manage who can restart host server


Storage Recommendations

Operating system files:

• Virtual SCSI port zero

Active Directory files:

NTDS.dit

Log files

SYSVOL

• Separate SCSI disk

Guest

Storage Recommendations

Operating system files:

• Virtual SCSI port zero

Active Directory files:

NTDS.dit

Log files

SYSVOL

• Separate SCSI disk

Guest

Store VHD files:

• Separate disk from host operating system

• Separate partition

• Separate physical disk ideal

• Do not store on a busy disk

Host

Operational Considerations

• Do not use undo disks

• Do not use a differencing disk

• Do not pause or store saved state for

extended periods and then resume

• Do not synchronize clock with host

Restoring a Domain Controller

Does a valid system state backup exist?

Domain controller properly restored.

Restore from backup.

Can you create new DC to replace failed one?

Reinstall operating system if necessary and reinstall Active Directory.

Clean up old DC metadata.

Does a previous VHD file exist?

Has it ever been restarted?

Contact Microsoft Product Support.

Is there another domain controller in the domain?

Restore DC using VHD file.

Domain controller virtual machine failure occurs.

Yes

No

Yes No

Yes No

No

Yes

Yes

No

Virtualizing DCs Best Practices

Ensure compliance with requirements

Secure VHD files

Back up with AD-compatible application

Never start VHD backups on network

Demo

Virtualizing Domain Controllers

Back Up the System State Allocate Resources

demonstration





Agenda

MVS 2005 Management Pack




Demo

Monitoring Infrastructure with MOM 2005

Monitor a Virtualized Environment

demonstration

• Assess and plan before you deploy

• Back up and restore domain controllers

• Secure and protect image files

Session Summary

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How to Virtualize Infrastructure Workloads. Virtualization concepts Virtualization planning and deployment Domain controller and infrastructure service