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How to Teach Reading and Writing Skills Using Data-Driven Learning: the Case of Japanese Upper Graders of Elementary School DDL : 4

How to Teach Reading and Writing Skills Using Data-Driven ... · The German-English INTERSECT corpus (Salkie, 1995) which was used for this study has about 800,000 words The corpus

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Page 1: How to Teach Reading and Writing Skills Using Data-Driven ... · The German-English INTERSECT corpus (Salkie, 1995) which was used for this study has about 800,000 words The corpus

How to Teach Reading and Writing Skills Using Data-Driven Learning:

the Case of Japanese Upper Graders of Elementary School

DDL������������: �������

����4� ����

Page 2: How to Teach Reading and Writing Skills Using Data-Driven ... · The German-English INTERSECT corpus (Salkie, 1995) which was used for this study has about 800,000 words The corpus

2

Introduc)onü 2020G�-')*����D���9��2B�;+/1+G�6.�BF���

ü I(<�>+/�1/�0 ����8O�M4@�2BJK��&��"$%�#!=:

ü 3C�N������,H�+7����2?

ü data-driven learning (Johns, 1991)�A ���������

ü EL�;+/-'�DDL!�����5�F���P��

Page 3: How to Teach Reading and Writing Skills Using Data-Driven ... · The German-English INTERSECT corpus (Salkie, 1995) which was used for this study has about 800,000 words The corpus

3

Literature Review Part 1DDL�#�

������������������ ������ �����$����� (!", 2008)

Leech (1997)the indirect use of corpora in teachingthe direct use of corpora in teaching*further teaching-oriented corpus development

1. teaching about2. exploiting to teach3. teaching to exploit←DDL

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4

Literature Review Part 1DDL�/*1" &(discovery learning)������S.������,(�1"���#��+ &04�&.����

1"(iden6fy)-35(classify)-�2�(generalize)(Johns1991)

3Is: Illustra6on(%6,$)―Interac6on(%6�!-)―Induc6on(%6�������)')73Ps(Carter&McCarthy�1995�p.155)

“any materials included in the school syllabus need to fit in with theoverall language curriculum” (Braun , 2007, p. 308)

Page 5: How to Teach Reading and Writing Skills Using Data-Driven ... · The German-English INTERSECT corpus (Salkie, 1995) which was used for this study has about 800,000 words The corpus

5

Literature Review Part 1��(Gaëtanelle and Granger 2013)1.�brings authenticity into the classroom�2.�has an important corrective function�3.�an element of discovery which arguably makes learning more motivating and more fun�

(Boulton 2017)2. DDL reflects current learning theory.3. DDL reflects current psycholinguistic theory.4. DDL reflects current second language acquisition (SLA) research findings.

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6

Literature Review Part 1DDL *<,6$ �0!�.-'�DDL ,H

���� #�ED����?4(;B2003)����5F��� (�(, 2015)I��������?4)D�����ED�%&2@ED����/C2@

JED(-)�����4����������3�.�"

KA9����?471�.->:���8+�=G

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7

A CASE FOR USING A PARALLEL CORPUS AND CONCORDANCER FOR BEGINNERS OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (Elke St.John 2001)

�The German-English INTERSECT corpus (Salkie, 1995) which was used for this study has about 800,000 words

The corpus includes a variety of text types including spoken language

�9 tasks

�student with his main subject in linguisWcs

had just finished his first year at university studying linguisWcs with German as a subsidiary subject.

had already completed one year of German at university (3 hours a week)

had no knowledge of German before studying the language at universityThe student was one of the best students in his year and fond of grammar

Literature Review Part 1

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8

C d SCoRE DDL( e 2018)

SCoREB B

g 30I

116 (CEFR A1)1 46

CT O

Literature Review Part 1

Page 9: How to Teach Reading and Writing Skills Using Data-Driven ... · The German-English INTERSECT corpus (Salkie, 1995) which was used for this study has about 800,000 words The corpus

9

$�"4N5-B(DDL)�.[��D-:��VY-B���X(T(K 2019)]SCoRE�0���DDL&�� �%�beO=�)SN>�V;J�E\�<��'��1���^40U/�@H5V��10V_D-�QF3-3117Z���6GAC�80Z

72+L1) DDLVY-B�I9#!%�?P�VY\,MW* �2) DDLVY-B��?P������R8������

Literature Review Part 1

Page 10: How to Teach Reading and Writing Skills Using Data-Driven ... · The German-English INTERSECT corpus (Salkie, 1995) which was used for this study has about 800,000 words The corpus

Literature Review Part 1

DDL →effec(ve for learners to learn vocabulary and gramar

→also effec(ve for beginning-level learners• effect on grammar understanding and reten(on• regarded as a fun learning method

10

Page 11: How to Teach Reading and Writing Skills Using Data-Driven ... · The German-English INTERSECT corpus (Salkie, 1995) which was used for this study has about 800,000 words The corpus

What should be considered when introducing DDL especially to beginning-level learners?The considera-ons which have par-cular relevance to introducing DDL to beginninglevel learners:1. Corpus

→ Review Part 2

2. User→ Review Part 2

3. Purpose→Analysis of Learning Stages and DDL/ Analysis of the Course of Study

11

Page 12: How to Teach Reading and Writing Skills Using Data-Driven ... · The German-English INTERSECT corpus (Salkie, 1995) which was used for this study has about 800,000 words The corpus

12

• Corpus1. Difficulty of making sense of corpus data

Ø Need to reduce the difficulty of corpus dataØ Need user-friendly tools

2. Paper-based DDL or computer-based DDLØ Desirable to use computer and paper-based approach

simultaneously3. Divergent type or Convergent type

Ø Need to make some adjustments for discovering activities

• User1. How much training is required?

Ø Need to switch from a deductive to inductive approachØ Need to make environment for using a corpus

sophisticatedly and autonomouslyØ Need to be well motivated

Review Part 2

Page 13: How to Teach Reading and Writing Skills Using Data-Driven ... · The German-English INTERSECT corpus (Salkie, 1995) which was used for this study has about 800,000 words The corpus

Analysis of Learning Stages and DDL

R.Q.Which part of the learning stage is relevant to and likely to be affected by DDL?

Resources:Tanaka, Masaki & Yokoyama (2013) and Muranoi(2006)

13

Page 14: How to Teach Reading and Writing Skills Using Data-Driven ... · The German-English INTERSECT corpus (Salkie, 1995) which was used for this study has about 800,000 words The corpus

Analysis of Learning Stages and DDL

Item learning and system

learning

item learning system learning

Entire words and sentences Imitative ↑

Learning expressions as items

Grammar understanding, Logical thinking

Descriptive ↑

Learn expressions analytically ↓ ↓

Piaget's Developmental Stage in School Age

Operating period (7-11 years old) Formal period (11 years old-) • In a specific situation, the concept of

preservation holds. • Decentered thinking becomes possible. • The concept of reversibility,

complementarity, and identity can be understood.

• Enables logical thinking beyond concrete events • Can manipulate abstract concepts • Deductive thinking based on "if"

Figure 1. Relationship between learning method and developmental stage (Based on Tanaka et al., 2013)

14

Page 15: How to Teach Reading and Writing Skills Using Data-Driven ... · The German-English INTERSECT corpus (Salkie, 1995) which was used for this study has about 800,000 words The corpus

Analysis of the Course of StudyR.Q.What are the goals in the upper grades of elementaryschool, and what ac:vi:es are likely to be be>er if DDL isan integral part of English language teaching at elementary school level?

Resources:• Chapter 4 Foreign Language Ac:vi:es: Ministry of Educa:on (2008)• Chapter 2 Subject Sec:on 9 Foreign Language: Ministry of Educa:on (2008)• The Course of Study for Junior High School (No:fica:on in Heisei 29) (2017)• The Course of Study for Elementary School (No:fica:on in Heisei 29) (2017) • September 21, 2017 New teaching materials briefing materials Material

2(2017)

15

Page 16: How to Teach Reading and Writing Skills Using Data-Driven ... · The German-English INTERSECT corpus (Salkie, 1995) which was used for this study has about 800,000 words The corpus

16

Foreign language activities in elementary schoolEnglish classes as a formal school subject in elementaryschool

English classes as a formal school subject in junior highschool

current

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Analysis of the Course of StudyTable 1. Differences regarding goal theory (foreign language)

Page 17: How to Teach Reading and Writing Skills Using Data-Driven ... · The German-English INTERSECT corpus (Salkie, 1995) which was used for this study has about 800,000 words The corpus

17

Table5. Differences regarding evaluation theoryD

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Analysis of the Course of Study

Page 18: How to Teach Reading and Writing Skills Using Data-Driven ... · The German-English INTERSECT corpus (Salkie, 1995) which was used for this study has about 800,000 words The corpus

Analysis of the Course of Study

3. Purpose

a. Aiming to provide guidance according to actual situa6ons and focus on connec6on between voice and text

b. Be able to read and write uppercase and lowercase le<ers of the alphabet as of the fi?h grade of elementary school

c. 6th grade students understand the meaning of simple wordsand expressions so that they can copy them

d. To be able to observe sentences analy6cally and write themwith awareness of word order

18

Page 19: How to Teach Reading and Writing Skills Using Data-Driven ... · The German-English INTERSECT corpus (Salkie, 1995) which was used for this study has about 800,000 words The corpus

19

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Page 20: How to Teach Reading and Writing Skills Using Data-Driven ... · The German-English INTERSECT corpus (Salkie, 1995) which was used for this study has about 800,000 words The corpus

Proposal of DDL Prac-ce

Let’s read!

I like cats.

We have a cat.

His name is pat.

He is in the hat.

I go camping.

My family went to the sea this summer.

I want to join a dance team.

��

� æ� ����

20

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Figure 2. Screen image of corpus (Author’s creation) �* 0+��2

Page 21: How to Teach Reading and Writing Skills Using Data-Driven ... · The German-English INTERSECT corpus (Salkie, 1995) which was used for this study has about 800,000 words The corpus

Limita&on

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