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Student Manual: How to Read Music in 10 EASY Lessons
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Outcomes of this Course:
Reading music is a skill
Learning the fundamentals of music helps
singing PLUS:
Improves your appreciation of music
Improves your listening skills
Improves your response to the composers,
conductors or directors directions
In short, youll be a better musician!
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Course Overview
1. Note naming
2. Rhythm
3. Sharps, Flats and Naturals
4. Major Keys
5. Review
6. Intervals
7. Minor Keys
8. Bass Clef
9. Sight Reading
10. Review and Test
Heres the schedule for the next 10 weeks.
The test is a simple written test, only to help you treat the work were going
to do together seriously.
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Each Lesson Has 3 Parts
Review homework
Review last weeks material
New material
Exercise
Conclusion
Homework assignment
10 minutes
15 minutes
5 minutes
A
B
C
To make this easier and to improve recall of the material, its a structured
program including review, new material, practice, and homework that will
be reviewed the previous week.
Lesson 5 and 10 will be reviews of the entire content covered in lessons 1-4
and 6-9.
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1 - Note
Naming
Peter Brockmann
2003 www.brockmann.com
This course is designed for teaching church choir members how to read
music.
Assumes 10 lessons, about once per week, for about 30 minutes of class
time.
Each week has a homework assignment that will take 10 minutes tocomplete and reinforces the material covered in the lesson.
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By the End of Lesson 1
You will Know: Octaves
Note names
Basics of the Treble Clef
1 - Note Naming
Every lesson begins with a statement of the learning objective.
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Whats An Octave?
Latin, octofor eight
Notes an octave apart share same note name
Notes an octave apart sound the same because
of the Physics of Music:
A note an octave higher is 2 x the frequency
On a string bass, or guitar a note an octave higher is
1/2 the length
On a pipe organ, a note an octave higher is 1/2 thepipe length
1 - Note Naming
MUSIC MATH:
If the A above middle C has frequency of 440 Hz, and the lowest
note of the piano is four octaves lower, what is the frequency of the
lowest note of the piano?
(HINT: Dont divide by 4) 1 octave below A is _______ Hz
2 octaves below A is _______ Hz
3 octaves below A is _______ Hz
4 octaves below A is _______ Hz
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There Are Only 8 Notes
In An OctaveA B C D E F G
C D E F G
E F A E
1
2 3 4
5 6 7 8
1 - Note Naming
Fill in the names of the notes in the boxes.
F G __ B __ D __ F G __ __
9 10 11 12 13
G __ __ __ __ __ __ G __ __ __
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
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Pianos Have Octaves Too
Octaves are 8 white keys apart
Groups of 2 and 3 provide landmarks to
indicate note names, note relationships
A
1 - Note Naming
Write the name on each key of the piano.
Review together with the class.
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The Staff and Treble Clef Staff:
Music notation for pitch
Perfected > 1000 years agoby the Catholic church
Five horizontal lines
Note names correspond torelative location on spaceor line of staff
Treble clef
Shaped like a G
Indicates G note, usually
the second line
VG
1 - Note Naming
Write your own Treble Clef, again and again on this staff.
1. Start with a vertical line (top to bottom).
2. Go back to top and draw the top bubble
3. Cross the vertical line at the 4th line.
4. Draw the bottom bulb between the 1st line and the 3rd line, make
sure it coils around the 2nd line.
5. Draw the tail of the clef off the bottom of the vertical line.
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Notes on the Treble Clef Bottom to top:
Spaces: FACE
Lines: Every Good Boy Deserves Fudge
V FACE
VEGB
FD
1 - Note Naming
Memorize these two rules.
Cover the top part and label these lines and these spaces below:
BONUS: What is the name of the note above the top line?
VV
Spaces:
Lines:
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Above & Below the Staff:
Ledger Lines Count down from G:
Space = F
Line = E
Space = D
Ledger line = C
Middle C is 1ledger line below the
treble clef
VC
Ledger lines specify notes near the edges of the clef. Many songs we sing
include notes on ledger lines, usually below the treble clef.
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In Lesson 1 We Covered:
Octaves
Note names
Basics of the Treble Clef
1 - Note Naming
Every lesson ends with a re-statement of the learning objective.
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Lesson 1 Homework
1. Name the white keys of the piano:
2. Name these notes:
V __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20w w w w w w w w ww w w w w w w w w w w
1 - Note Naming
3. Name the note then write in the octave
above, below, above, below, above.
Bring your homework to the next session.
V w w w w w wwF __ __ __ ___ __21 22 23 24 25
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2 - Rhythm
Peter Brockmann
2003 www.brockmann.com
This course is designed for teaching church choir members how to read
music.
Assumes 10 lessons, about once per week, for about 30 minutes of class
time.
Each week has a homework assignment that will take 10 minutes tocomplete and reinforces the material covered in the lesson.
This is lesson 2.
Name:____________
___
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Course Overview
1. Note naming DONE
2. Rhythm
3. Sharps, Flats and Naturals
4. Major Keys
5. Review
6. Intervals
7. Minor Keys
8. Bass Clef
9. Sight Reading
10. Review and Test
2 - Rhythm
Heres the schedule for the remaining 9 weeks
The test is a simple written test, only to help you treat the work were going
to do together seriously.
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By the End of Lesson 2
You will Know: Rhythmic notation
Rests
Dotted notes
Time signatures
2 - Rhythm
Every lesson begins with a statement of the learning objective.
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Review of Lesson 1:
Review the homework assignment
What is an octave?
Note names:
Spaces of the treble clef?
Lines of the treble clef?
BONUS: What is the name of the note higher
than the top line of the treble clef?
2 - Rhythm
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Rhythmic Notation
Whole Notes
Half Notes
Quarter Notes
Eighth Notes
Sixteen Notes
2 - Rhythm
wH h
QQQQ
E e ee ee eeX xxx xxxx xxxx xxxx
Often times, musicians describe each of these units of rhythm as beats or
fractions of a beat, where a beat is the time of a quarter note.
Whole note = four quarter notes.
Two half notes equal one whole note.
One half note = ___ quarter notes.
Four eighth notes = ___ half notes.
Sixteen sixteenth notes = ___ quarter notes.
NOTE:
Whole notes have no stem.
Half notes are hollow and have a stem.
Quarter notes have a solid note and a stem.
Eighth notes have a solid note, a stem and a tail.
Sixteenth notes have a solid note, a stem and a double tail.
No doubt your experience with music notation reminds you that some
times the stems are up, and sometimes theyre down.
RULE: Stems are usually up for notes below the middle line, and down for
notes above the middle line.
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Clap These Rhythms (Together)
1. H Q e e e e ee Q Q H H w
2. Eeh xxxx qqq e e Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
3. H Q H Q e e H H e e ee Q Q
2 - Rhythm
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Rests
Whole Rest
Half Rests
Quarter Rests
Eighth Rests
Sixteen Rests
2 - Rhythm
r
g g g gr r
Often times, musicians describe each of these units of rhythm as beats or
fractions of a beat, where a beat is the time of a quarter note.
Whole rest = four quarter rests.
Two half rests equal one whole rest.
One half rest = ___ quarter rests.
Four eighth rests = ___ half rests.
Sixteen sixteenth rests = ___ quarter rests.
NOTE:
Whole rests are fuller, so they hang below the line.
Half rests are lighter so they float above the line.
Quarter rests are squiggly.
Eighth rests are like backwards 7s.
Sixteenth rests have double tails.
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Clap These Rhythms (Together)
1. H Q e e e e g Q Q H w2. Eeh xx x qqq e Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q3. H Q H Q e e H H e e ee Q Q
r
2 - Rhythm
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Dotted Notes
Adding a dot to the end of a note adds 50%
more time to it
Adding a dot to the end of a rest adds 50%
more time to it
Adding a second dot to the end of a note or
rest, adds 50% of the dots value
2 - Rhythm
h. = Q Q Q
h.. = Q Q QE
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Dotted Note Math
Dotted whole Notes
Dotted half Notes
Dotted Quarter Notes
Dotted Eighth Notes
w.h..Q
E .
2 - Rhythm
xxx
=
=
=
=
E E EQ Q Q
h h h
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Time Signatures
Common time = , march
Cut time = , march
Three-quarter time, waltz
Six-eight time, 2 dotted quarters
2 - Rhythm
Cc 44
22
Specify how many beats in a bar.
3468
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In Lesson 2 We Covered:
Rhythmic notation
Dotted notes
Time signatures
2 - Rhythm
Every lesson ends with a re-statement of the learning objective.
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Lesson 2 Homework
Name the note and how many quarter note
beats it is worth:
w H Q EName: ____ ____ ____ ____
1 2 3 4
Quarter note beats:
__ __ __ __
5 6 7 8
Bring your homework to the next lesson.
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3 - Sharps,
Flats and
Naturals
Peter Brockmann
2003 www.brockmann.com
This course is designed for teaching church choir members how to read
music.
Assumes 10 lessons, about once per week, for about 30 minutes of class
time.
Each week has a homework assignment that will take 10 minutes tocomplete and reinforces the material covered in the lesson.
This is lesson 3.
Name:____________
___
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Course Overview
1. Note naming DONE
2. Rhythm DONE
3. Sharps, Flats and Naturals
4. Major Keys
5. Review
6. Intervals
7. Minor Keys
8. Bass Clef
9. Sight Reading
10. Review and Test
3 - Sharps, Flats and Naturals
Heres the schedule for the remaining 8 weeks
The test is a simple written test, only to help you treat the work were going
to do together seriously.
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1/2 Steps
Octaves are divided into 12 - 1/2 steps
Immediately adjacent notes (white-black) or
(white-white) on a piano are 1/2 step apart
3 - Sharps, Flats and Naturals
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Flat
Lowers a note one 1/2 stepb
3 - Sharps, Flats and Naturals
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Natural
Raises a flat one 1/2 step
Lowers a sharp one 1/2 stepn
3 - Sharps, Flats and Naturals
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Popular Sharps and Flats
F#
C#
G#
D#
Bb
Eb
Ab
Db
m b
3 - Sharps, Flats and Naturals
Any note can be sharp or flat.
There are even double sharps (marked as x) or double flats (marked as bb).
Some sharps and some flats have more exposure in practice. Here are the
most popular.
In lesson 4 we will discover how these sharps are formed into major keys.We will also learn how these flats are formed into major keys.
BONUS: Can you think of a memory phrase to help remember the sharps?
BONUS: Can you think of a memory phrase to help remember the flats?
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In Lesson 3 We Covered:
Sharps
Flats
Natural
3 - Sharps, Flats and Naturals
Every lesson ends with a re-statement of the learning objective.
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Lesson 3 Homework:
Which symbol is a sharp?
a flat? a natural?
Name the four popular
sharps: __ __ __ __
Name the four popular
flats: __ __ __ __
m
n
b
3 - Sharps, Flats and Naturals
BONUS: Can you think of a memory phrase to help remember the
popular sharps?
BONUS: Can you think of a memory phrase to help remember thepopular flats?
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4 - Major
Keys
Peter Brockmann
2003 www.brockmann.com
This course is designed for teaching church choir members how to read
music.
Assumes 10 lessons, about once per week, for about 30 minutes of class
time.
Each week has a homework assignment that will take 10 minutes tocomplete and reinforces the material covered in the lesson.
This is lesson 4.
Name:____________
___
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Course Overview
1. Note naming DONE
2. Rhythm DONE
3. Sharps, Flats and Naturals DONE
4. Major Keys
5. Review
6. Intervals
7. Minor Keys
8. Bass Clef
9. Sight Reading
10. Review and Test
4 - Major Keys
Heres the schedule for the next 7 weeks.
The test is a simple written test, only to help you treat the work were going
to do together seriously.
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By the End of Lesson 4
You will Know: Mode
Scale
Key signatures
C, G and F Major keys
4 - Major Keys
Every lesson begins with a statement of the learning objective.
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C Major
Label the scale
(WWH, W,
WWH)
Label the note
names
V w w w ww www4 - Major Keys
______ ______
______
______
______
____________
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
C Major has no sharps and no flats.
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G Major
Label the scale
(WWH, W,
WWH)
Label the note
names
V w w w ww wwwm
4 - Major Keys
______ ______
______
______
______
____________
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
G major has one sharp - F# - which is the 7th note in the scale.
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In Lesson 4 We Covered:
Mode
Scale
Key signatures
C, G and F Major keys
4 - Major Keys
Every lesson ends with a re-statement of the learning objective.
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Lesson 4 Homework
Find twelve songs from your hymnal:
Four that have C Major key signature;
Four that have G Major key signature; and,
Four that have F Major key signature.
Whats the rule for sharp key signatures?
Whats the rule for flat key signatures?
4 - Major Keys
C Major Songs:
# Name
1.
2.
3.
4.
G Major songs:
# Name
1.
2.
3.
4.
F Major songs:
# Name
1.
2.
3.
4.
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5 - Review
Peter Brockmann
2003 www.brockmann.com
This course is designed for teaching church choir members how to read
music.
Assumes 10 lessons, about once per week, for about 30 minutes of class
time.
Each week has a homework assignment that will take 10 minutes tocomplete and reinforces the material covered in the lesson.
This is lesson 5.
Name:____________
___
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Course Overview
1. Note naming DONE
2. Rhythm DONE
3. Sharps, Flats and Naturals DONE
4. Major Keys DONE
5. Review
6. Intervals
7. Minor Keys
8. Bass Clef
9. Sight Reading
10. Review and Test
5 - Review
Heres the schedule for the next 6 weeks.
The test is a simple written test, only to help you treat the work were going
to do together seriously.
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Note Naming
1. Name the white keys of the piano:
2. Name these notes:
V __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20w w w w w w w w ww w w w w w w w w w w
5 - Review
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Note Naming
3. What is an octave?
4. Note names:
Spaces of the treble clef?
Lines of the treble clef?
BONUS: What is the name of the note higherthan the top line of the treble clef?
5 - Review
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Rhythm
Name the note and how many quarter note
beats it is worth:
w H Q EName: ____ ____ ____ ____
8 9 10 11
Quarter note beats:
__ __ __ __
12 13 14 15
5 - Review
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Key Signatures
Whats the rule for sharp key signatures?
49.
Whats the rule for flat key signatures?
50.
5 - Review
Add up your correct responses (or add up your mistakes and subtract it
from 50) and multiply by 2 to get % correct. (Add your BONUS points as
regular points too if you got them).
If you scored:
94% + = Excellent! You have real music potential. 80% -93% - Very Good! Hang in there. It gets easier from here.
< 79% - You were careless or did not work hard enough to become
familiar with the material. You should redo lesson 1 in particular.
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In Lessons 1-5 You Mastered:
Note Names
Rhythm
Sharps, Flats and Naturals
Major Keys
5 - Review
Every lesson ends with a re-statement of the learning objective.
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6 - Intervals
Peter Brockmann
2003 www.brockmann.com
This course is designed for teaching church choir members how to read
music.
Assumes 10 lessons, about once per week, for about 30 minutes of class
time.
Each week has a homework assignment that will take 10 minutes tocomplete and reinforces the material covered in the lesson.
This is lesson 7.
Name:____________
___
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Course Overview
1. Note naming DONE
2. Rhythm DONE
3. Sharps, Flats and Naturals DONE
4. Major Keys DONE
5. Review DONE
6. Intervals
7. Minor Keys
8. Bass Clef
9. Sight Reading
10. Review and Test
6 - Intervals
Heres the schedule for the next 5 weeks.
The test is a simple written test, only to help you treat the work were going
to do together seriously.
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Seconds
Seconds are
adjacent
notes.
Circle all the
seconds in
this scale.
V w w w ww www
6 - Intervals
Hint: there are 7 seconds.
Some are whole steps; some are half steps.
BONUS: Which ones are half steps?
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Perfect Fourth
Perfect fourth is 4notes, 2 whole stepsand 1 half step.
Circle the 4 perfectfourths in this scale.
Draw them on thepiano keyboard too.V w w w ww www
6 - Intervals
Whole
Whole
Half
Only octaves, fourths and fifths can be perfect.
MUSIC HISTORY SIDEBAR: before ~ 600 AD, there was no music in church. Then the
Catholic Church began to recognize the spiritual value in the pitched human voice. The first songs
were chants sung by men (monks, boys and priests), or the liturgy sung aloud by the celebrant.
Unison and octaves were the norm. Later, harmony began as fourths or fifths above the melody of
the chant. These were given the nickname perfect because of the contentment, completeness andserenity these harmonic intervals inspire in the mind.
These fourths are called Perfect because they sound so complete and
stable.
NOTE: You can always sing a perfect fourth by thinking of the opening of
O Christmas Tree.
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Lesson 6 Homework
What are these
intervals?
V ww ww ww ww
6 - Intervals
V ww w wwww w
ww____ ____ ____ ____ ____
1 2 3 4 5
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
6 7 8 9 10
ww
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Course Overview
1. Note naming DONE
2. Rhythm DONE
3. Sharps, Flats and Naturals DONE
4. Major Keys DONE
5. Review DONE
6. Intervals DONE
7. Minor Keys
8. Bass Clef
9. Sight Reading
10. Review and Test
7 - Minor Keys
Heres the schedule for the next 4 weeks.
The test is a simple written test, only to help you treat the work were going
to do together seriously.
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Recall from Lesson 4:
Mode and Scale Mode, Scale = sequence of whole and half
steps between octaves
Major and Minor modes are the most
popular in western music
7 - Minor Keys
Whole step = 2 x 1/2 steps
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E Minor
Label the scale
(WHW, W, H,
W+, H)
Label the note
names
Note the
accidental. Whatnote is that?V w w w ww www
m
7 - Minor Keys
______ ______
_____
______
______
____________
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
m
V
Key Signaturem
G major has one sharp - F# - which is the 7th note in the major scale. E
minor has the same key signature, but we add in the accidental of the 7th
whenever we need a D#.
This makes the interval between the C and the D# a WHOLE + HALF,
(W+) also known as an AUGMENTED SECOND.
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Key Signatures for Sharp Keys1. The last sharp is the 7th of the scale.
2. Find the Major key.
3. Relative minor key is the 6th of the scale.
V V V V Vm mm mm mm mm mLast sharp: __ __ C# __ __
Major key: __ __ D __ __
Minor key: __ __ B __ __
7 - Minor Keys
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In Lesson 7 We Covered:
Minor Third
Relative Minor Keys
7 - Minor Keys
Every lesson ends with a re-statement of the learning objective.
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8 - Bass Clef
Peter Brockmann
2003 www.brockmann.com
This course is designed for teaching church choir members how to read
music.
Assumes 10 lessons, about once per week, for about 30 minutes of class
time.
Each week has a homework assignment that will take 10 minutes tocomplete and reinforces the material covered in the lesson.
This is lesson 8.
Name:____________
___
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Course Overview
1. Note naming DONE
2. Rhythm DONE
3. Sharps, Flats and Naturals DONE
4. Major Keys DONE
5. Review DONE
6. Intervals DONE
7. Minor Keys DONE
8. Bass Clef
9. Sight Reading
10. Review and Test
8 - Bass Clef
Heres the schedule for the next 3 weeks.
The test is a simple written test, only to help you treat the work were going
to do together seriously.
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t
t
Lesson 8 Homework
1. Name these notes:
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
w w w w w ww w ww w w w
w w w ww w w
8 - Bass Clef
3. Name the note then write in the octave
above, below, above, below, above.
Bring your homework to the next session.
w w w w w wwA __ __ __ ___ __21 22 23 24 25
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10 - Review
Peter Brockmann
2003 www.brockmann.com
This course is designed for teaching church choir members how to read
music.
Assumes 10 lessons, about once per week, for about 30 minutes of class
time.
Each week has a homework assignment that will take 10 minutes tocomplete and reinforces the material covered in the lesson.
This is lesson 10.
Name:____________
___
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Note Naming
3. What is an octave?
4. Note names:
Spaces of the treble clef?
Lines of the treble clef?
BONUS: What is the name of the note higherthan the top line of the treble clef?
10 - Review
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Clap These Rhythms (Together)
5 H Q e e e e g Q Q H w6 Eeh xx x qqq e Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q7 H Q H Q e e H H e e ee Q Q
r
10 - Review
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Rhythm
Name the note and how many quarter note
beats it is worth:
w H Q EName: ____ ____ ____ ____
8 9 10 11
Quarter note beats:
__ __ __ __
12 13 14 15
10 - Review
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t t t t t
Key Signatures for Sharp Keys1. The last sharp is the 7th of the scale.
2. Find the Major key.
3. Relative minor key is the 6th of the scale.
m mm mm m
m mm m
Last sharp: __ __ C# __ __
Major key: __ __ D __ __
Minor key: __ __ B __ __
10 - Review
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t
t
Bass Clef
1. Name these notes:
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
w w w w w ww w ww w w w
w w w ww w w
10 - Review
3. Name the note then write in the octave
above, below, above, below, above.
w w w w w wwA __ __ __ ___ __87 88 89 90 91
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In This Course You Mastered:
Note Names
Rhythm
Sharps, Flats and Naturals
Major Keys
Intervals
Minor Keys
Bass Clef Sight Reading
10 - Review
Every lesson ends with a re-statement of the learning objective.