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7/30/2019 How to Measure and Report PUE and DCiE
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Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE)& Data Center Infrastructure
Efficiency (DCiE) Progress
Dan Azevedo, Symantec
Jon Haas, Intel
Jud Cooley, Sun Microsystems, Inc.Mark Monroe, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Pam Lembke, IBM
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Agenda
PUE / DCiE Background & Next Steps
DCiE Detailed Analysis PUE / DCiE Usage & Public Reporting Guidelines
PUE / DCiE Calculation Tool
Free Cooling Map Power Configuration Calculator
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PUE / DCiE Background & NextSteps
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DCiE Detailed AnalysisDan Azevedo, Symantec
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Executive SummaryThe DCiE Detailed Analysis is to support and
strengthen the Data Center infrastructureEfficiency (DCiE) metric. The intent is to enabledata center managers collectively to derive anduse DCiE as a global standard metric.
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DCiE Detailed AnalysisThis White Paper represents the first in a series that will
provide a more detailed analysis of the PUE / DCiEMetric and represents the Basic level in the below tablewith the assumption of a dedicated data center facility:
Level 1(Basic) Level 2(Intermediate) Level 3(Advanced)
IT Equipment PowerMeasurement From
UPS PDU Server,.
Total Facility PowerMeasurement From
Data Center inputpower
Data Center inputless shared HVAC
Data Center inputless shared HVACplus buildinglighting, security
Minimum Measurement
Interval
Monthly/Weekly Daily Continuous(xx min)
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DCiE Detailed Analysis
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DCiE Detailed Analysis
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DCiE Detailed Analysis
Table of Contents
Introduction Type of Data Center
Background and Assumptions Climate and Location
DCiE Overview Data Center Design and Operation
DCiE Subcomponents Measurement Period
Obtaining Required Data Sometimes DCiE Seems To Go The
Wrong Way
Estimating Power Consumption Driving DCiE Efficiency
Measuring Power Consumption DCiE and Future TechnologyAdvancements
Power Metering Requirements Multiuse Facilities
Factors Affecting DCiE Summary
Dynamic Data Center Conclusion
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SummaryThis paper provides:
Prescriptive information on how to calculate the
efficiency metrics Multiple levels of implementation which enables a
very simple basic approach to as much depth and
complexity as desire Equipment categorization: infrastructure vs. ITequipment
Power metering requirements
Guidance on interpreting the metrics High-level guidance on multi-use facilities
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Usage And Public Reporting Guidelines forThe Green Grids Infrastructure Metrics
Jon Haas, Intel
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Reasons for Guidelines PUE/DCiE have become commonly used metrics for data center efficiency
Factors such as environmental conditions, a data centers physicalcharacteristics, and timing and frequency of measurements can play a
significant role in final results In addition, some individuals and organizations have used these metrics to
promote design ideas that, while valuable, can provide misleading results
Standard guidelines for the use and reporting of these metrics will:
Enable a common language and nomenclature to compare results
provide a process to support accurate, consistent results
Provide additional transparency and accountabilitly in the process of measurementfor public claims
In addition, these guidelines will support The Green Grid in:
develop an auditing/certification process for the industry around these metrics
develop a recognition program for those organizations showing strong resultsand/or improvements in data center energy efficiency
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Publicly reporting your Data
The Green Grid will provide a means for organizations to publicly report theirmeasurements
record their PUE/DCiE measurement data to The Green Grid
provide background information about the data center, reporting the results andthe manner in which, and conditions under which, that data was collected
provide a means to report any issues or difficulties in following TGGs proscribeprocesses and guidelines
The Green Grid will also provide a portal through which organizations canview summary details on publicly reported PUE and DCiE results
This portal will provide summary data on all registered reported results
All reported results meeting TGG guidelines will be given a registration number that canbe referenced
A subset of provided data will be publicly visible (see appendix 2 of WP or consent form)
TGG will offer members the opportunity to provide a link to additional informationabout their result or data center via additional optional reporting
Organizations reporting results have the option to participate in TGG awards orrecognition programs by complying with additional requirements
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Classes of Measurement Results
Class Description Benefit to Reporting Organization
Unrecognized A publicly reported result with noclaims of following TGGs guidelines.TGG will not comment on unrecognized
results.
Reported A publicly reported result by thereporting organization claiming theyfollowed TGGs measurementrecommendations and nomenclature
guidelines. TGG will not comment onReported results.
Reporting organization canuse standard materials fromThe Green Grid to explainprocess and results to
audience.
Registered A publicly reported result, with keyreport contextual data provided to TGGby the reporting organization to TGGsdata center performance database.
Official registration ofreported result. Receipt of aregistration number from TGG.Link to public report data fromTGGs website.
Certified A publicly reported result, with keyadditional data required for third-partyvalidation or certification of results,provided to TGG by the reporting
organization.
All benefits applicable toregistered results, plus,consideration of reportedresults in future TGG award or
recognition programs.
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Usage and Reporting
GuidelinesTo receive a PUE or DCiE registration number from The Green Grid: Follow The Green Grids measurement guidelines in the most recent revision of DCiE
Detailed Analysis
Report the process through which the data was collected (L1, L2, L3) using the
nomenclature in the most recent revision of Usage and Public Reporting Guidelinesfor The Green Grids Infrastructure Metrics
Report your measurement data and input the required information into the GreenGrids Metrics Data Collection Database (www.thegreengrid.org)
Agree to The Green Grids metrics public reporting consent form
If requesting to be considered for a TGG award, provide the extended dataset information into the Green Grids Data Collection Database forcertified measurements
Additionally
Report to The Green Grid any issues or difficulties in following TGGsproscribed processes and guidelines
(optional, co-promotion) send the PUE or DCiE registration number, along with alink to any original source material or publication, to TGG [email protected]
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PUE/DCiE Nomenclature
Structure All PUE and DCiE measurements should be reported with subscripts that
identify:
The accuracy level of the measurement
See The Green Grids Metrics: Data Center Infrastructure Efficiency Detailed Analysis The timeframe of the measurement
E.g. yearly, monthly, weekly, daily
The granularity of the measurement
Frequency with which the data was collected
E.g., monthly, weekly, daily, continuous Official PUE/DCiE reports will provide these information with subscripts
appended to the Metric
i.e. PUEx,y or DCiEx,y, where
x describes the Level of the measurement (L1, L2, L3) L1, L2, and L3 are defined in the TGG White Paper: The Green Grid Metrics: Data Center
Infrastructure Efficiency (DCiE) Detailed Analysis
y describes the Timeframe and Granularity of the measurement
y = timeframe identifier + frequency identifier
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Measurement Accuracy Reporting
(from DCiE Detailed Analysis WP)Level 1(Basic) Level 2(Intermediate) Level 3(Advanced)
IT Equipment PowerMeasurement From
UPS PDU Server,.
Total Facility PowerMeasurement From
Data Center inputpower
Data Center inputless shared HVAC
Data Center inputless shared HVACplus buildinglighting, security
Minimum Measurement
Interval
Monthly/Weekly Daily Continuous(xx min)
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Measurement Timescale and
Granularity Reporting
The y subscript on PUE or DCiE denotes the Timeframe and
Granularity of the measurement y = timeframe identifier + frequency identifier [M, W, D, C]
Frequency identifier:
M for measurements taken monthly
W for measurements taken weekly D for measurements taken daily
C for measurements taken continuously (with frequency one hour orless)
Except for those measurements collected with continuous data, alldata points that are averaged in the final measurement must betaken at the same time of day
Single measurements are reported with no frequency identifier
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Example Reported Results
0.45 DCiEL1,-- Single DCiE measurement (0.45) taken using a Level 1 meter placement
0.51 DCiEL1,YM Yearly average DCiE (0.51), using data points gathered monthly with aLevel 1 meter placement
1.6 PUEL1,MWMonthly average PUE (1.6) using data points gathered weekly with a Level
1 meter placement
0.43DCiEL1,WDWeekly average DCiE (0.43), using data points gathered daily with a Level
1 meter placement
1.8 PUEL2,WC Weekly average PUE using data points gathered continuously with a Level2 meter placement.
2.1 PUEL3,YCYearly average PUE (2.1) using continuous measurements with a Level 3
meter placement.
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Specific Reporting Issues
PUEs of < 1.0 and DCiEs of > 1.0 are *not* allowed
Elements that go into the calculation
Power consumed by IT equipment
Power lost in distribution
Power consumed by cooling equipment
These elements are always 0
Accounting for re-use of waste heat
Waste heat re-use *does not* get included in either PUE or DCiE
TGG will look into creating an additional metric to cover this
Accounting for power generated on site PUE / DCiE is meant to cover areas of energy use in the data center
Generation of power on-site is not incorporated into either the powerdistribution losses or cooling equipment requirements
As such, it should not be considered in the PUE/DCiE calculation2020
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Conclusion We are driving the right behaviour!
The Green Grid Metrics for data center efficiency are
gaining widespread adoption, use and visibilityOrganizations are publicly reporting theirmeasurements and claiming highly efficient operations
The Green Grid is implementing public reportingguidelines that includes standard processes andnomenclature to make the measured resultsmore transparent and consistent
Stay away from PUEs of < 1.0 and DCiEs of >1.0, they are not viable
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PUE Calculation Tool
Jud Cooley, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
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Rationale and Objectives
Sponsor: Container Assessment Task Force to allow casestudy comparisons
Easily and accurately compute PUE In a consistent manner
Allowing for apples-apples comparisons
Container boundaries
Building or room boundaries
Web based One sheet printed report
Data archival/retrieval
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PUE with Physical boundaries
Management reporting to visualize overhead
Power: Transfer Switch, UPS, Transformer, Generator, Lighting, etc.
Cooling: Tower, Condenser, Chiller, Pumps, etc.
Other: Fire Supression, Control, Security, etc.
IT Equipment: Servers, etc.
Facility BoundaryContainer or RoomBoundary
Facility equipment: air movers, powerdistribution, UPS, etc.
IT Equipment: Servers, etc.
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Web screen shot example(Spreadsheet Prototype, artificial data)
Seq Class Type Detail
1 Facility Power Transfer Switch
2 Facility Power UPS 5.0
3 Facility Power DC Batteries / Rectifiers (non UPS Telco Nodes)
4 Facility Power Generator
5 Facility Power Transformer (step down) 5.0
13 Facility HVAC Chillers 25.0
19 Facility HVAC Return Fans 2.0
...30 IT Equipment Compute Devices Servers 50.0
31 IT Equipment Network Devices Switches
32 IT Equipment Network Devices Routers40 IT Equipment Other Other 2.0 2.0
...Total Facility + IT Power 32.0 59.0
Total IT Power 2.0 52.0
Total Facility Power (kW) 91.0
Total IT Power 54.0
PUE 1.69
DciE 0.59Total Power (kW) at Container Boundary 59.0
Total IT Power in Container 52.0
Partial PUE (Container Boundary) 1.13
Partial DciE (Container Boundary) 0.88
Facility(kW)
Container(kW)
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Output
Single page PDF output Fileable report identifying configuration, date, data
Useable for direct apples-apples comparisons
Data saved in csv or a Data Base format TBD based on development discussion
Consistent with other Green Grid tools
Importable into spreadsheet
Re-loadable
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Controversy over air movers
Fan-less servers with rack fans rely on those fans
Rack-based air movers might be considered either IT or
facility depending on your point of view Proposed position is that the air mover power is part of
the IT equipment
Needs to be discussed in Committees
PUE Calculator Tool will allow a separate line to enter airmover power that is not included inside the physicalboundary of the server, yet is required for the IToperation (to expose the ambiguity). That power will beallocated to IT, but will be left visible in the tool and theoutput.
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Status and Timing
Consultants hired
In development now
Alpha version to be tested by Green Grid Task Forcemembers in Q1 2009
Beta and release target is for Q2 2009
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Free Cooling Map/Web Tool
Mark Monroe, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
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Concept and Features
Estimate the number of hours of free cooling that maybe possible based on weather data at any location in
the U.S. Consider European and APAC data in the design so that data
can be added in the future without major changes to theapplication or database.
Climate data will be analyzed to determine the numberof hours per year that either fresh air or evaporativecooling might be used in a data center.
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Concept and Features (contd)
Two colorful maps must be produced; one showing the U.S. color-coded to show the number of hours
of fresh air cooling possible,
the second map will show the U.S. color-coded to show thenumber of hours of evaporative cooling possible.
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Concept and Features (contd)
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Concept and Features (contd)
A web tool must be produced which allows auser to enter their own location, via zip code,
and the data center set points for temperatureand humidity that they which to examine forhours of free cooling
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RFP Responses
weatherbank.com selected to implement
Response within budget estimates
Approved by Board 21 Jan 09
Prototype ready now
Seek approval from TC and Board in Feb Release in March
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Roadmap/Futures
Individual maps available for $150 direct fromweatherbank.com
Feedback page allows users to consult directly
Review in 3 months, determine enhancements
Possibilities: European and APAC data/locations/calculations
Simple model for water used by evaporative cooling
Input location by latitude/longitude Redisplay map with user-input parameters
Connect with DSIRE and other incentive databases
More complex models, more accurate results36
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Power Distribution ConfigurationsOnline Efficiency Estimator Tool
Pam Lembke, IBM
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Tool Purpose
The tool:
Is for use as a companion to
Qualitative Analysis of Power Distribution Configurations forData Centers, TGG WP #4 and
Quantitative Efficiency Analysis of Power DistributionConfigurations for Data Centers, TGG WP #16
Reduces the need for paper rewrites, as the tool can beeasily updated regularly
Allows readers and users to test their own components
and proposed system architectures
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Features
Users are able to:
Compare two topologies at a time
Input data points (load vs efficiency) of their own componentsfor the calculations
Create their own topologies based on their components or pre-defined TGG components
Save components and topologies Print input and results in PDF
Tool will automatically calculate full efficiency curves for
components
end-to-end efficiency curves for the two topologies
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Tool
Mock Up
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Availability
The tool is scheduled to be available around Q22009
It will be accessible to members only via TheGreen Grid website
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Copyright 2009, The Green Grid The Green Grid Technical Forum42
Thank you for attending
The 2ndAnnual Green Grid Technical Forum
For more information, please visitwww.thegreengrid.org