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How to find and use information
Extended essay workshopMay 18th 2009Ásdís Hafstad, librarian
Menntaskólinn við Hamrahlíð Ásdís Hafstað
First stepsAnalyse the topic
Decide on the main aspects of your topic and plan your search.
Find keywords When you have worked out the main concepts of your topic, look for alternative terms or keywords that describe each concept to use as search terms.
Menntaskólinn við Hamrahlíð Ásdís Hafstað
Finding information The library catalogue
www.gegnir.is Books Journals /magasin
Encyclopedias Britannica
Databasis www.hvar.is
The Internet?
Menntaskólinn við Hamrahlíð Ásdís Hafstað
Evaluate Resources
Relevance Depth, level, geographical, time, primary/secondary
Currency When
Reliability Who is responsible
Accuracy Propaganda, marketing...
Menntaskólinn við Hamrahlíð Ásdís Hafstað
Referencing Referencing involves letting your reader know exactly where you found your
information. It is a standard method of acknowledging the sources of your information and others' ideas.
You must provide a reference for any information you “quote” (use the exact words), “paraphrase” (use the idea in different words) “summarise”(express the main points of)
When it is someone else's opinion, theory or information. Readers can check your sources of information, to verify any quotations you
have used and to follow-up your 'cited' author's arguments.
Menntaskólinn við Hamrahlíð Ásdís Hafstað
Referencing styles
There are many forms of referencing. http://library.curtin.edu.au/referencing/index.html
APA referencing (American Psychological Association) Harvard Referencing
Menntaskólinn við Hamrahlíð Ásdís Hafstað
Indirect citation (others ideas, your words)
Others ideas, your words
Author's name as part of the sentence: Schmidt (1998) defines this as reasonable.... As Schmidt (1998) said this is.....
Author's name not included in the sentence: Calculations of potential energy savings ..(Cappelini et al., 2004) show that....
Menntaskólinn við Hamrahlíð Ásdís Hafstað
Direct quoting
In-text citation. Quotation marks placed around the quote and the
author's name and the year of publication and the relevant page number at the end of the citation.
‘The theory was first propounded in 1993’ (Comfort, 1997, p. 58)
Footnote citation The citation source appears as a footer/footnote
‘The theory was first propounded in 1993’ 1
1(Comfort, 1997, p. 58) or 1Comfort, A. (1997). A good age. London: Mitchell Beazl
Menntaskólinn við Hamrahlíð Ásdís Hafstað
Citation as footnote
Menntaskólinn við Hamrahlíð Ásdís Hafstað
Reference list : Book (APA style)
The reference list at the end of your assignment then gives the full details of all the in-text citations and footnote citations in alphabetical order.
The example below is in different styles. Comfort, A. (1997). A good age. London: Mitchell Beazl. (APA)
Comfort, A 1997, A good age, Mitchell Beazl, London. (Harvard)Comfort, A. 1997. A good age. London: Mitchell Beazl. (Chicago)
Referencing styles follow strict rules of punctuation and indentation. Check with your teachers to determine which referencing style is preferred.
Menntaskólinn við Hamrahlíð Ásdís Hafstað
Reference list: Journal article (APA style)
Printed version. Basic form, single author Roy, A. (1982). Suicide in chronic schizophrenia. British Journal
of Psychiatry, 141, 171-177.
Internet articles based on a print source(if electronic version is an exact duplicate of the print version e.g. PDF format) Arnold, T. (2001, Winter). Achieving playtime postives
[Electronic version]. Journal of Early Childhood, 5(4), 117-121.
Menntaskólinn við Hamrahlíð Ásdís Hafstað
Journal article (APA style)
Internet articles based on a print source(if electronic version is different from the print version e.g. HTML format) and internet journals only
Flibshaw, T. (1997, August 1). Helping seniors targeted for telemarketing fraud. Journal of Aging, 17(2), 123-132. Retrieved February 2, 1999 from http://www.fraud.org.htm
Journal articles from full-text databases (i.e. magazine or newspaper articles)
Brown, J. & Coley, A. D. (1999, March 16). Federal Bureau of Investigation. Journal of Encryption 78, 443-449. Retrieved October 23, 2001, from EBSCOhost Academic Search Premier database.
Menntaskólinn við Hamrahlíð Ásdís Hafstað
Keep a record Keep an accurate record of all the details of every
source you consult. The author, title of the book or journal article, title of the
journal, year of publication, page numbers, links, etc. Articles from databases and internet muust have date
when retrieved
Acknowledge the source of the ideas that you have used or mentioned in your work. If you don't, you could be accused of plagiarism
Menntaskólinn við Hamrahlíð Ásdís Hafstað
What is Plagiarism? Turning in someone else’s work as your own Copying words or ideas from someone else without giving
credit Failing to put a quotation in quotation marks Giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation changing words but copying the sentence structure of a
source without giving credit copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes
up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not (source: http://www.plagiarism.org/
Menntaskólinn við Hamrahlíð Ásdís Hafstað
Copyright laws the expression of original ideas is considered
intellectual property, and is protected by copyright laws, just like original inventions. Almost all forms of expression fall under copyright protection as long as they are recorded in some media (such as a book or a computer file).
Menntaskólinn við Hamrahlíð Ásdís Hafstað
Referencing recources Referencing guides - APA
http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/DocAPA.html
Referencing guides - APA http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/American_Psychological_Association_(APA)_Documentation_M.pdf
Referencing guides - APA and Harvard http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/referencing.htm
Harvard stylehttp://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/cite/harvard_dis/
Referencing and tutorials. Various style http://library.curtin.edu.au/research_and_information_skills/index.html
Referencing guides http://www.usq.edu.au/library/help/ehelp/ref_guides/default.htm
(all websites, accessed May 16th 2008).
