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Presenter: Tran Ngoc TuanFAI/FU HCM
Standardsfor
ClassroomInstruction
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How to be a SuccessfulTrainer
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The International Board of Standards for Training,Performance and Instruction has defined 14 keyguidelines for effective classroom training. Theseguidelines, commonly known as the ibstpiStandards, provide a set of professional standardsthat are recognized throughout the technicaltraining industry.Mastery of these skills together with expertise inthe course subject area will ensure a high qualityof training.
Introduction
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14 Instructor Competencies
1. Analyze course materials and learnerinformation
2. Assure preparation of the instructional site
3. Establish and maintain instructorcredibility4. Manage the learning environment5. Demonstrate effective communication
skills6. Demonstrate questioning skills and
techniques7. Demonstrate effective presentation skills
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14 Instructor Competencies..
8. Respond appropriately to learners needsfor clarification or feedback
9. Provide positive reinforcement andmotivational incentives
10. Use instructional methods appropriately
11. Use media effectively
12. Evaluate learner performance13. Evaluate delivery of instruction
14. Report evaluation information
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Analyzing Course Materials
andLearner Information
Chapter 1
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Identify course objectives
Discover learners experience, background andmotives for attending the course
Adjust course based on information Course objectives
Schedule
Instructional methods
Introduction
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Reviewing Course Materials
Course Objectives Everything you do throughout a course should be
related to achieving the course objectives
You must follow the instructional design of aprepackaged course in order to maintain itsintegrity and to meet the instructional objectives
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Types of learners
The Course
New userWithout
Prerequisites
Shystudent
EngineerSalesperson
Experiencedemployee
forced to take
class
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Analyzing the Learners
Gathering the Information Plan for the worst when there is no information
Types of information Job responsibilities Background
Skill level
Reason(s) for attending the course
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Evaluation of Information
Job responsibilities Student will stick with it and strive to master the
material if they can see the direct application of theinformation to their work.
Background Learn as much as possible about the background of
the students factors to plan a lesson
Skill level Knowing the skill level of each student helps you
make appropriate modifications to the lesson,including examples and exercises.
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Evaluation of Information..
Reason(s) for attending the course To acquire new skills for his/her job
To enhance skills for future opportunities
For the joy of learning
To fulfill a requirement for certification
To learn about new features of a softwareapplication
To meet the demands of the employer
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Adjusting the course
Course Objectives Should not change without prior consent from the
vendor, certification group, or employer.
Course Schedule Do not remove required material from the schedule
to make more time for other topics.
Instructional Methods Using instructional methods appropriately (Ch. 10)
Examples Related to students
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Summary
One of the greatest challenges of theinstructor is to address the needs of theindividuals in his/her classes.
Preparation is a trainers greatest asset. The first step to being prepared is to know the
course materials and the audience.
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Assuring Preparation ofInstructional Site
Chapter 2
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Instructional Site Logistics arrangements
Schedule
Food Support
Physical Environment Room layout
Lighting
Equipment
Furniture
Introduction
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Evaluating the Logistical Arrangements
Logistical issues Session times
Food
Transportation/parking Support
Communications
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Evaluating the Physical Environment
Room Layout Rows
U-shape
Circle Clusters
Light
Instructional Materials and Supplies
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Evaluating the Physical Environment..
Equipment Chalkboards
White boards
Easels Overhead projectors
Computers
LCD projectors
Visualizers
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Evaluating the Physical Environment..
Computers
Furniture
Environment Issues
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Managing the Physical Environment
Appropriate contacts for the following: Reservations
Access to facilities
Technical support Delivery of materials
Food preparations and delivery
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Managing the Physical Environment..
Decide the optimum room layout based on theinstructional methods, rearrange the room accordingly.
Order any necessary equipment.
Ship instructional materials (if necessary) Send information to students including times, direction,
parking,
Research emergency options, such as copy centers.
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Eliminating Distractions
The five senses Sight
Sound
Smell Taste
Touch
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Eliminating Distractions..
Technology Distractions The Instructors Computer: Screen saver, audio,
calendar reminder, screen resolution, colors,assistants, network connections (access and speed)
Students computers: games, e-mail, internet
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Ongoing Evaluation
Setting the stage Classroom policies (food, drinks, email) Restrooms and water fountains Message boards Telephones/mobile phone usage Break room Smoking regulations Fire exits
Snacks Meals Contents of student kits, manuals, etc. Outline of the course
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Ongoing Evaluation..
During the Course Students reactions (verbal and nonverbal)
Final Evaluation Evaluation form
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Confirming all necessary logistic and physicalarrangements of the instructional site.
Exercise as much control over the physical
environment as possible. Plan ways to minimize distractions and judge
how well logistical and physical arrangementssupport the instruction.
Understand the rationale for decisionsregarding logistics and physical environment.
Summary
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Establishing and MaintainingInstructor Credibility
Chapter 3
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Establish credibility Knowledge
Experience
Appearance
Preparation
Maintain credibility Professionalism
Interaction with students
Introduction
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Establishing Credibility
Subject-Matter Expertise Know your subject matter and how to apply it to
situations that interest your audience.
Training Experience Its not true that if you know a subject inside out,
you can teach the subject.
Communication and Presentation skills are needed
to master in order to become an effective trainer.
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Establishing Credibility..
Credentials Degree
Certification
CTT Certification Course Preparation (Chapter 1)
Appearance Clean and neat
Personal hygiene
Dress
There is no right to dress thatwill accommodate allaudiences.The general rule is that yourappearance should always beclean and neat.
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Establishing Credibility..
The Course Introduction Part of the course introduction should include
introducing yourself to the audience.
Credibility does not equal superiority.
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Maintaining Credibility
Professionalism General attitude and behavior must always be
professional: to instructor and students
Not to treat the students as friends immediately Not to disparage companies, groups, products or
anything by name.
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Maintaining Credibility..
Interacting with Learners Equally between students
Be conscious of message sending to students
The way to deal with unexpected questions Assist students in any way possible
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Maintaining Credibility..
Diversity Variety of ethnic, religious and cultural
backgrounds.
Be accepting and supportive of each studentsdifferences and needs.
Not to make comments or tell jokes that mayoffend a learner.
Not to allow students to act inappropriately towardsother students.
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Summary
It is important for the students to trust thatthe instructor is conveying accurateinformation.
Cultivate students trust by establishing andmaintain credibility.
Credibility might be an issue or a distraction atany time during instruction.
Understand what is needed to recognize aproblem and what is required to re-establishlost credibility.
N1
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N1 - Cultivate: nui dng- Mot giang vien gioi cn bit cch nh gi mc uy tn ca mnh trong qu trnh kha hc. (Uy tin dang la issus hay distraction)- Phi hiu cn lm g pht hin vn (sai st) v ti lp uy tn.NetmanH, 8/17/2003
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Managingthe Learning Environment
Chapter 4
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Plan and deliver course introduction Introductions Course expectations Course schedule Timeline
Adapt delivery to meet students needs Pace Questions Breaks
Manage interactions Involve learners Instructor/student interactions Student/student interactions
Group strategies
Introduction
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The Course Introduction
Set the tone for the entire course.
Cover all necessary information about thecourse and put the students at ease.
Course Introduction Checklist Introductions :instructor and students
Physical and logistical issues (chapter 2)
Course information (description, any prerequisites,
objectives, and materials)
Course schedule
Course expectation and benefits
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Introductions
Impart enthusiasm for the material to thestudents.
Instructor is ready to assist students.
Students introduce themselves Take notes on the answers: name, job,
interested topic.
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Course Expectations Checklist
Attitude
Questions
Punctuality
Attire Student expectations
Mistakes
Benefits
Course description, prerequisites, and objectives. Exactly what will and will not be covered.
Course Information
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Adapting Your Style to the Students
Teach to the median level of the class.
Adapt to a variety of students needs.
Analyze course materials, prepare a variety of
exercises and activities. Research types of students enrolled.
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Managing Time
Pace Determine which activities are appropriate based
on the available time.
Student Questions Can take a significant amount of time.
Breaks May last longer
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Manage Interactions
Treat all of the students fairly, give equalattention to each of them.
Involve the learners in the lesson.
Encourage students to ask questions andexperiment.
Interactions with Students Learn the name of all students.
Not subconsciously give special attention ortreatment to only some students.
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Manage Interactions..
Dealing with Problem Students: Determine whether the situation is having negative
effect on the class.
When must take action, should strive to maintainthe dignity of the student.
If indirect measures does not work, speak inprivate to the student about the situation.
Last resort is to remove the student from the class.
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Types of Problem Students
The Know-it-All Often looking for recognition of his/her knowledge.
The Challenger If you do not know the answer, do not try to make one up.
Avoid personality conflict.
The Overwhelmed Student Partner students together to work on the projects
The Class Clown
Not to acknowledge the jokes Private talk
The Introvert Need to monitor that persons progress
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Types of Problem Students..
Student versus Student Student disparages another: remind the different
backgrounds.
Student criticizes another: intervene immediately.
Rearrange work group if there are problems.
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Manage Interactions..
Group Strategies Define the size of the groups.
Define the objectives of the task or project clearly.
Set ground rules. Set the time limit.
The room layout has to be conducive to groupdiscussion.
Make sure that the members are on track letmake mistakes show correct procedures.
Do not provide the right answers.
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Manage Interactions..
Coaching Strategies Develop a positive rapport with each student.
Making mistakes is acceptable and necessary.
Congratulate students on their successes. Be accessible.
Be enthusiastic about the material.
Do not personalize disagreements.
Relate the information to the students. Be supportive.
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Manage Interactions..
Feedback Attune to both verbal and nonverbal feedback.
Sanity
Thick skin Not to take negative situations personally.
Not to blame yourself.
N2
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N2 - Conducive: gip ch, c li- Sanity: sng sut, ng mc, tnh to, ch- Remedy:x l; bin php- Bring baggage: nhiu sNetmanH, 8/17/2003
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Summary
The course introduction Adapt delivery to match the students needs Managing time Managing group interactions Involving the learners Evaluation of the effectiveness
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DemonstratingEffective Communication Skills
Chapter 5
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Introduction
Use verbal communications appropriately Identify components of message
Understand tone, volume and pace
Recognize fillers
Realize importance of proper grammar
Using non-verbal communication Appearance
Movements
Gestures
Body language Monitor and evaluate student communications
Listening skills
Frames of reference
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Message Components
Sender Message Receiver
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Verbal Communication
Tone, volume and pace
Fillers
Silence
Proper grammar Emotions
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Verbal Communication..
Verbal communication checklist Vary speech to highlight points, convey emotion,
sustain the students attention or not
Speak to quickly, too slowly / too softly, too loudly
Use fillers or not Feel comfortable with silence or not
Take advantage of silence to encourageparticipation or not
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Verbal Communication..
Verbal communication checklist .. Proper grammar or not
Use slang terms or not
Speak in terms of students or not
Use words to excite students or not Interested in the topic or not
Fall asleep or not if taking a class from yourself
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Nonverbal Communication
General appearance
Eyes
Hands
Movement and distance Body language
Studies of communication show that:
55% of interpersonal communication comes from facialexpressions and body language.
38% comes from vocal quality or tone of voice.
7% comes from the content, the actual meaning of thewords.
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Nonverbal Communication..
Nonverbal communication checklist Dress appropriately or not
The outfit distracts or not
Eye contact with each student or not
Stare at students or not
Firm handshake or not
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Nonverbal Communication..
Nonverbal communication checklist .. What are you doing with your hands ?
Play with things in pocket or not
Clench objects or not
Point at students or not
Move and involve students or not
Invade personal space or not
Turn back to students or not
Positive or negative body language sent to students
M it d l t t d t
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Monitor and evaluate studentcommunications
Listening Not to chime and help the answer
Restate the question to the student
Frames of reference Learn the frames of reference to adapt the learning
environment and choose examples
Checking learner understanding
Interpret the signals of each student (verbal andnonverbal)
Aware of each learners level of understanding
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Summary
Verbal and nonverbal communications
Monitor the messages
Frames of reference
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DemonstratingEffective Presentation Skills
Chapter 6
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Plan effective presentations Utilize outlining
Organize content effectively
Utilize anecdotes, stories and humor appropriately
Visual aids
Handouts
Deliver effective presentations Coping with stress
Presentation styles
Verbal and non-verbal signals
Introduction
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Presentation Basics..
Presentation Visuals Checklist Cover all necessary information or not
Easily to read from distance or not
Too much text on a slide or not Each graphic has purpose or not
Colors are appropriate or not
Have a backup or not
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Presentation Basics..
Presentation Rehearsal Checklist Clear objective or not
Appropriate information or not
Visual aids will support or distract Proper length or not
Have summary or not
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Presenting the Topic
Dealing with stress Presentation styles
Haughty and condescending
The best buddy
The joker
The sarcastic presenter
Bored
Bundle of nerves
The reader The angry presenter
The liar
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Presenting the Topic..
The right presentation style Be natural
Be sincere
Be dynamic Be relaxed
Interact with the individuals
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Presenting the Topic..
Varying the presentation
Using stories, anecdotes, and analogies
The opening
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Summary
Planning for presentations
Delivering presentations
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Demonstrating
Effective Questioning Skillsand Techniques
Chapter 7
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Use questioning skills effectively Select appropriate types of questions
Encourage learner participation
Appropriately respond to student questions
Evaluate student progress
Introduction
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Why Ask Questions?
Check understanding of students
Encourage student participation
Shape a discussion
Build interaction
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Six Levels of Learning
Comprehension
Knowledge
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
RAM: Random Access Memory
RAM: Workspace
RAM: Save works
RAM: Add more
RAM: Discover new design
RAM: Compare between designs
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The Basics
Positive learning environment
Adequate time
No interruptions
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How to format a floppy disk ?
o Well, I think one way to do is, um, you double click on the iconon the desktop, the umm
o Yes, thats the one Then you click on the 3 floppy icon and
o Yes, thats what I meant. Then you click on, umm
o Yes, and then click on Start.
Once you make sure you have right options selected.
Format on the menu, right ?
Right click, right ?
The My Computer icon ?
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Types of questions
Closed Specific answer
Open-ended
Lead to discussion or debate
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Beginning of class
Break or meal
End of exercise or unit
End of course
When To Ask Questions?
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Determine purpose
Select appropriate
question
Decide whoShould respond
Determine appropriate
response
Determine follow-up
questions
Ask questions
Asking questions
Welcome back everyone! How was thefood at lunch?
Does anyone have any questions about
the topic we covered before lunch?
Susie, can you explain the steps forcreating an account in windows NT?
Next we are going to learn aboutaccount management. Can anyone seeany issues that we need to beconcerned about based on theprivileges we chose for the account wecreated?
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Responding to the question
Answer immediately
Defer the question until later
Redirect the question
Do not answer at all
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How to Answer Students Questions
Listen to Question
Restate Question
Decide who should respond
Determine Appropriate Response
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Evaluating the Questions
Inspect students performances duringexercises.
Modify the questions.
Evaluate students questions.
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Summary
Needs of asking questions
Types of questions
Design questions
Asking questions Respond to students questions
Evaluate and improve
What to Say When You Don't Know the
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What to Say When You Don t Know theAnswer
1. Reflection2. Ill Get Back to You
3. Defer to the Expert
4. Compliment the Questioner5.Answer a Question with a Question
6. Parallel Answer
7. Set the Rules
You cant know the answer to everything. Its howyou handle yourself. Study these seven strategies anduse them to maintain credibility and confidence.
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Responding Appropriately
to Learners Needsfor Clarification or Feedback
Chapter 8
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Focusing on issue, not person Pointing out strengths Pointing out weaknesses
Follow-through Initiating some discussion Generating scenarios Testing for understanding Having students do it
Introduction
T f F db k
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Types of Feedback
Verbal Mutterings, jokes, questions and answers
Two-minute rule
Praise for asking good questions
Nonverbal
F th I t th P
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Focus on the Issue, not the Person
Pointing out Strengths
Pointing out Weaknesses
Following through
Initiating discussion Generating scenarios
S
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Summary
Learning is two-way street
Recognize feedback: verbal and nonverbal
Follow through
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I t d ti
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Motivation To move to action
Differing levels of motivation
At the class introduction When introducing new topics
Maintaining a motivated, enthusiastic class
Meeting learner expectations
Positive reinforcement
Introduction
Fi b i C it i
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Five basic Criteria
Match real-world objective
Stimulate learners enthusiasm
Promote positive reinforcement
Evaluate effectiveness Adjust methodologies
S lli th Cl
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Selling the Class
Utilizing Introductions
Establishing Credibility
Student Introductions
Experience with the Product Prerequisites
Current Job Responsibilities
Certifications Expectations
Realistic
S lli th C t
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Selling the Concept
Announce Motivation at the Start
Types of Motivations Real-world scenarios
Best-case scenarios Worst-case scenarios
On-the-job benefits
Unique benefits
Fundamental information
A ti ti l d th i ti l
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A motivational and enthusiastic class
Promoting interaction Providing feedback and reinforcements in
response to: Student questions
Student answers Maintaining high energy to promote
enthusiasm Encouraging questions with praise and positive
comments Stressing positive results, which lead to fewer
problem students
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Needs
Interests Motives Concerns
Rewards Encouragement Feedback
Support
Summary
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Summary
Stimulate Motivation
Maintain Motivation
Meet learners Expectation
Positive Reinforcement
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Using Instructional MethodsAppropriately
Chapter 10
Introduction
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Implement a variety of instructional methods Know their strengths and/or weaknesses
Determine their appropriate uses
Determine when to use each method basedon following items: Lesson objectives
Learner attributes
Introduction
Instructional methods
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Instructional methods
Lectures Demonstrations Guided learning Student teaching Group work Role play Simulations Case studies Games Independent practice Reflection
Lecture
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Lecture
Teacher centered, not student centered Tempting method: cover material quickly, in
control of learning environment
Must keep short and interactive Timing
Used to introduce, summary
Demonstration
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Demonstration
Expansion of a lecture: showing after tellingconcept
Make use of videos, computers
Make demos as hands-on as possible Students can see and touch the objects
Require setups that are difficult to bring to theclassroom
Guided Learning
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Guided Learning
Students responsibilities: work through aproblem, figure out the answer forthemselves.
Teachers role: provide tools, answerquestions, focus students when necessary
Teacher must master questioning skills
Students are actively involved
Empower students to solve problemindependently
Take more time, should not rush
Student Teaching
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Student Teaching
Best methods to learn a subject is to teach itto others
Assign a topic to each student or group:prepare a lesson for the rest of the class
Teachers role: assist with learning the topicand preparing the lessons
Provide adequate time, ask questions
Group Work
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Group Work
Component of other methods Opportunities to exchange ideas and concerns
Work through problems together
Organize into the same group: advanced andneed extra help students
Encourage team work and collaboration andpromote problem-solving skills
Reveal students weaknesses
Passive students: specific time limit
Role Play
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Role Play
Acting out a real-life situation Experience a situation
Prepare to respond to emergency situations
Students may be hesitant, fear to be ridiculedor embarrassed
Simulation
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Simulation
Similar to role playing Learn a skill or experience a situation
Require expensive or specialized equipment
Case Study
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Case Study
Written simulation Connect material to real-world situations
Case study as homework: reduce time needed
in class
Games
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Games
Stimulate and encourage learning Review course material
Icebreaker, relax the students
Independent Practice
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Independent Practice
Give exercises that specially test the objectivesof the course
Ask students to work through exercises topractice the skills
Observe students progress
Assist students when necessary
ReflectionN3
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Reflection
Think about the material Determine questions
See how the material will apply to their work
Follow-up other activities Properly synthesize their experiences
Slide 113
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N3 Reflection: s nghin ngmNetmanH, 9/2/2003
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Typical class
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Typical class
A brief lecture or demonstration to introducethe subject
Case study, Group work to explore theinformation
Role-playing activities might be next
Reflection
Another brief lecture to summarize the lesson
Independent practice
Summary
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Summary
Must use a variety of instructional methods toreach students
Choice of methods depends on a variety offactors
Ch 11
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Using Media Effectively
Chapter 11
Introduction
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Select appropriate media Be competent with variety of media options
Use media effectively Use variety of media to address needs of learners
Recognize strengths, weaknesses and/orlimitations of each media type
Introduction
Select Appropriate Media
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Choice of media depends on Instructional methods used
Level of understanding reached by students
Recourses available
Comfort level
Sometimes more than one choice, choose best one
Select Appropriate Media
Types of media
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Types of media
Handouts Boards, flip charts and OHP Visualizer (data camera) VCR
Data projectors Computers Internet Audio aids Laser pointers
Summary
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Summary
Be adept at incorporating media intocurriculum to facilitate student learning
Select appropriate media: capture studentattention and encourage interaction
Success will depend on the familiarity with themedia, the planning and preparation ahead oftime
Ch t 12
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Evaluating Learner Performance
Chapter 12
Introduction
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Communicate lesson objectives Define objectives
Define evaluation criteria
Use various evaluation techniques to monitorlearner performance Formal evaluation
Informal evaluation
Testing
Introduction
Evaluation Techniques
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Formal evaluation Use of test and quizzes
Types of questions Yes/No
True/False
Multiple choice
Short answer
Essay
Scenarios Simulations
Evaluation Techniques
Evaluation Techniques ..
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Informal evaluation Use of activities
Exercises
Lab work Small group work
Self-assessment
Evaluation Techniques ..
Summary
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Summary
Use evaluation to identify areas that must bereinforced
Formal evaluations are components that leadto certification
Variety of methods used in both informal andformal evaluations
Chapter 13
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Evaluating Delivery of Instruction
Chapter 13
Introduction
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How successful lesson was Student success
Instructional design
Learning environment
Methods of evaluating lesson Criteria to evaluate
Types of evaluation questions
Method of evaluation
Circle of Training
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g
DesignCourse
TeachCourse
GatherData
EvaluateCourse
Items to Evaluate
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What to evaluate Student
Instructional design
Instructor delivery Course materials
Environment
Methods of Evaluation
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Gather feedback Yes/No questions
Rating questions
Qualitative questions
Creating the Evaluation
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g
Student evaluation of the course Student evaluation of the facility
Student evaluation of the instructor
Summary
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y
Recognize strengths and weaknesses of thecourse
Data come from observation by yourself, thestudents, and the students employers
The circle of training never ends
Chapter 14
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Report Evaluation Information
Chapter 14
Introduction
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Evaluate appropriate components ofinstruction Students
Instructor
Lesson Instructional material
Report to appropriate groups Students
Employers Training organization
Reports to Prepare
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Student performance Instructor performance
Student satisfaction
Instructor satisfaction Suggestions for revision
Student demographics
p p
Report Content
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Student Attendance
Skill level
Progress
Interest in certification Satisfaction with course
p
Report Content ..
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Instructor Knowledge of material
Training abilities
Course management
Course structure Satisfaction with course
Report Contents ..
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Course material Accuracy
Ease of use
Relevance of examples
Graphic design and layout Learning environment
Physical environment
Logistical issues
Send reports to (as necessary)
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Students Employers of students (if paid for the course)
Vendor/Creator of course material
Certification organization Training center management
Training center department
Summary
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Evaluations on different areas: the overallcourse, student progress, and the instructor
Each group that will receive report hasdifferent concerns in the success of the course
Quiz (sample)
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( p )
There might be multiple correct answers for some questions.1. When is it acceptable to change the course objectives?a. Neverb. If you know that the students are under-prepared and cannot meet
these objectivesc. Only after consultation with the designer of the coursed. Whenever you feel a change is appropriatee. None of the above
2. Which of the following is a good example of a course objective?a. The students will better understand spreadsheets by the end of the
course.b. The students will be able to add a row of numbers by the end of the
class.
c. The students might be ready for the certification test by the end ofthe class.d. The instructor will create a positive learning environment where the
students will learn as much as possible.e. All of the above
Topics to discuss
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Topic 1 Give your opinions about the types of information that
should be collected prior to the first session of theclasses. Also suggest some effective methods to collectinformation.
Topic 2 What should be included in student profiles ? How to
keep student profiles updated during your course ?
Suggest a management procedure to make thestudent profiles be available for the next trainer. (Inthe same semester or higher semester).
Topics to discuss..
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Topic 3 In such a rapid change of technical topics, suggest
effective methods for the trainers to keep upexperiences.
Topic 4
How to vary the presentation to adapt the studentsneeds and to create an exciting learning environment;particularly in cases oftoo few slides, or too manyslides available.
Faculty Workshop (Oct. 11,12)
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International Standards for ClassroomInstruction(Sat. morning, afternoon)
Top Notch / Summit Introduction
(Sat. afternoon)
English course Implementation(Sat. afternoon)
Process, Procedure and Technical support(Sun. morning)
About presenter
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Tran Ngoc Tuan, ME in Computer EngineeringDirector of FU HCM IT researcher and consultant (since 1997)
Universiry lecturer (since 1998)
Instructror in IT professional education(since 1993)
Instructor conforming to international standards ofinstruction (since 2000)
Training Manager (since 2003)
Email: [email protected]
Role Defining Objective
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Faculty
TeacherGuide
Mentor
Knowledge Bank
Leader
Motivator
Career
Developer
Mindset
Maker