How to approach

a case of

parturition

How to approach

a case of dystocia

D. Hany Lotfi

Zagazig University, Egypt

Aim of the obstetrician during handling a parturient animal

XXX

✔

Interfere at optimum time

Follow hygienic measurements

Optimum method

I- Owner information

Name Address Job

2- Age and number of previous birth

1-Species

3- Special mark or identification

II- Animal description and Identification

III- History

Date of service or AI

The breed of the bull

In the pluriparous animal ask about the number of the

pervious parturition and the nature of the last birth

Ask about the lat stage of pregnancy

Nutrition, disease and management

Ask about the present parturition

Is the fetal sac was ruptures

In case of the fetal sacs was not ruptured

For how long the animal show the sings of restlessness

If these symptom disappeared or not

In case of the fetal sacs was ruptured

Form how long ?

What is the nature of this sac?

Ask about the birth pain

Ask about previous trail for handling

In multiparous animal ask if any feti has been expelled

or not

IV- General clinical examination Standing and show sings of

activity

Lie down and unable to rise and showing the sings of sever fatigue

V- Special outer clinical examination

I- Pelvic ligament II-Udder

III-The external indicator for the size of the bony birth canal

Presence of hanged fetal or

fetal membrane part

IV- The vulva

Dry and edematous

Fresh and moisten

Fresh and moisten

Schistosoma reflexum

Presence of abnormal structure hanged from the vulva

Nature of vulval discharge

Profuse blood

Fresh odorless fetal fluid

Size and degree of edema of the vulva

Normal size

Edematous and lacerated

VI- Special inner clinical examination

Preparation of the obstetrician

Enforce the animal to stand up

Preparation of the animal

Restraining of the animal

Cleaning the external genitalia, perineal region

Application of posterior epidural anesthesia ???????

1- Examination of the bony birth canal

Presence of callus formation, swelling or fracture

Fetomaternal disproportion ( dilatation capacity of the birth canal)

In anterior presentation

In posterior presentation

2- Examination of the soft birth canal

Straightness

Anatomical malformation

Position of the fetal sacs and the fetus

Degree of dilatation (cervical dilatation)

Completely dilated 1st degree of cervical narrowing

2nd degree of cervical narrowing 3rd degree of cervical narrowing

Slipperiness, edema and presence of laceration

3- Examination of the fetus

1- Viability

Anterior Presentation:

1- Pedal reflex 2- Suckling or swallowing reflex

3- Eye ball reflex 4- Tongue reflex

1- Pedal reflex

2- Anal reflex

3- Pulsating umbilical cord

Posterior Presentation

Sings of death

1- Shedding of large amount of hair in the operator hand

2- Presence of offinsive odor

3- Shedding of the horny integument

2- Fetus disposition

Presentation

Position

Posture

It describe the presented fetal portion in

the birth canal and the relationship

between the longitudinal axis of the fetus

and that of the dame

Anterior

longitudinal

Anterior

longitudinal

Posterior

longitudinal

Posterior

longitudinal

Anterior longitudinal

Transverse abdominal

(ventral) Vertical abdominal

(ventral)

Transverse back (dorsal)

Posterior

longitudinal

Anterior longitudinal

Position

In longitudinal presentation

It descript the relationship between

the dorsum of the fetus and the

maternal quadrant Dorsosacral

(dorsal)

Dorsosacral

(dorsal) Dorsopubic

(ventral)

In transverse or vertical presentation

It descript the relationship between the cephalic portion of the fetus

and the maternal quadrant

Cephalo sacral (dog setting

position)

Left cephaloiliac

Left cephaloiliac Right cephaloiliac

Posture It describe the relationship between the movable presented parts of

the fetus and the body of the fetus it self

Left carpel flexion

Left shoulder flexion

Right elbow

flexion

Abnormal posture in anterior presentation

Vertex posture

Downward deviation

Lateral deviation

Upward deviation

Bilateral hock flexion

Abnormal posture in posterior presentation

3- Fetal size (Fetomaternal disproportion)

In anterior presentation

In posterior

presentation

4- Number of the feti presented in the birth canal

5- Fetal anomalies or monsters

Single anomalies

Polymelia

Hydrocephalus

Anasarca

Cyclops

Persomus elumbis

Schistosoma reflexum

Double anomalies

Double face (Diprosopus)

Double head (Dicephalus)

Dicephalus dipus dibrachius