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How the Trich is Done (-in). A Success Story* for the Land-Grant College Concept in California * (work in progress). How it all began. CA beef ranch having repro problems Manager phones Extension agent Refer. DVM contacts UCD VMTH/AES faculty Phone consult: bring repro tracts to UCD. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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How the Trich is Done (-in)
A Success Story* for the Land-Grant College Concept in California
* (work in progress)
How it all began
• CA beef ranch having repro problems– Manager phones Extension agent– Refer. DVM contacts UCD VMTH/AES faculty
• Phone consult: bring repro tracts to UCD
History (more)
Tritrichomonas foetus
Post-coital pyometra
Routine follow-up visit by VMTH/AES faculty
Coop. Ext. “Present at the Creation”
Sensitivity of diagnostic methodWhat are the chances I’ll miss a + bull?
= No. of positive culturesTotal cultures taken from known positive bulls
= 81.6% before treatment
= 75% after 1 treatment
Probability of missing a + bull after 3 neg cultures = 1/167
Efficacy of TreatmentPlayers: Producer, CE, AES
• 1 dose ipronidazole 39/42 92.8%
• 3 doses ipronidazole 31/31 100%
• Within 18 months, FDA banned ipronidazole and all members of the same family of drugs
• Only options: test and slaughter
Vet. Coop. Extension: Testing a new test
“Trich” DxLocal CA company’s innovation
• Start with bulls– Gold standard =
smegma culture (Se = 90%)
– Sp (presumed 100%)
The “Virgin bull” problemPlayers: Western States’ Dx, AES labs
• Dogma: Bulls < 3 are “safe”• But virgin bulls (< 2) were
showing + cultures• “Network” of AES labs* and
State Dx labs formed• Showed that “Virgin Bull Isolate”
was NOT T.foetus, but rather…
* Through USDA – W112 Regional Research Project
More good companyCollaborators in trich research
Mark
Anderson,
CAHFS Lab
Lynette
Corbeil,
UCSD
Rich Walker,
CAHFS Lab
Extramural funding for trich
Funding sources– CFAH (Ag Experiment Station) – USDA NRI (with Lynette Corbeil)– NIH– California Cattlemen’s Association– NAAB
Legal/Regulatory Changesin consultation w/ AES/CE faculty, CCA
DVM’s certified to diagnose trich
New molecular test (PCR) made “official” test
Mandatory reporting of positive results
Partial Cast of characters• Chris Nelson, San Felipe Ranch• Jim Correa, Private DVM practitioner, Merced• Jim Farley, Coop. Extension, Merced Co.• Ben Norman, Vet. Coop. Ext. Beef Spec.• Bob BonDurant, UCD VMTH/AES faculty• Alex Yule, London Sch Trop Med, Hygiene• Sue Skirrow, Australia• Mark Anderson, Rich Walker, CAHFS• Lynette Corbeil, Sch Med., UCSD• 11 western states diagnostic and AES labs• Anita Edmundson, CDFA• Rich Walker, Mark Anderson, CAHFS
Output
• Sensitivity of old, new diagnostic tests
• Statewide prevalence survey
• Characterization of trich “look-alikes”– Show that “look-alikes” are NOT pathogens– Develop molec assay to ID look-alikes– Certify DVM’s to culture and read cultures– Certify labs to run confirming PCR
Output (cont)
• Regulatory changes reportable disease• Studies on pathogenesis of preg. Loss• Studies on immune environment that allows
carrier state in bulls.• Studies on “relatedness” of T. foetus from
– `cattle– pigs– Cats (!)
• And it all started with one phone call…