How Reagan Strategy Brutalised and Extremised Afghanistan and Pakistan

8/22/2019 How Reagan Strategy Brutalised and Extremised Afghanistan and Pakistan

1/102

Glw Ubhohm Ztrhtboy Eruthfdsbi hmi Bxtrbkdsbi Hnoghmdsthm hmi Sh`dsthm

Hogh G Hkdm

Ygb Xurhmdj Jlmjbpt ln _hr whs h ell` lnndjdhffy splmslrbi ey Srbsdibmt Ubhohmsklst trustbi hffy Obmbrhf Qdh ln Sh`dsthm.Dt whs dmtrliujbi hs h stuiy ell` dm

jlkkhmi hmi sthnn jlffbob qubtth ph`dsthm.Kujg klrb ihmobrlus tghm tgds ell` wbrb

tgb Rmdvbrsdty ln Mberhs`h phkpgfbts prdmtbi dm edffdlms hmi idstrdeutbi dm ph`dsthm

hmi hnoghmdsthm ,oflrdnydmo bxpflsdvbs hmi khrtryilk.Ygus h rbodlm wgbrb h Gdppy

jlufi trhvbf nrlk Gbrht tl @hmihghr hmi @heuf tl Khzhr whs eruthfdsbi hmi

bxtrbkdsbi < D rbkbkebrs tgds nrlk ky 84?3 nhkdfy vdsdt tl @heuf.

Glw Hnoghmdsthm whs Ibstrlybi ey RZH, Zhuid Hrhedh hmi Sh`dsthm

Hogh G Hkdm

d trhvbffbi dm 84?3 ey rlhi nrlk qubtth tl `heuf tl kbbt ky rbfhtdvbs wdtg ky nhkdfy . pblpfb wbrb

nrdbmify , gdppdbs nrlk hkbrdjh hmi burlpb jhkpbi hmywgbrb wdtglut nbhr .pblpfb `bpt tgbk dm tgbdr

glusbs. ml lmb htthj`bi hmylmb. hff tgds jrhzdmbss sthrtbi hntbr ph`dsthmds , hkbrdjhms , shuids nuj`\\\-

mo wdtg kuahgdis . Rmdvbrsdty ln Mberhs`h prdmtbi phkpgfbts dm phsgtl helut bxpflsdvbs hs lrmhkbmt ln

kbm.

gttp1//mhturhf-ebhuty-phvljhvhfry.eflosplt.jlk/5385/85/tgb-phsgtums-dm-gdstlry-hoghghkdm.gtkf

tgb prlefbk wdtg ph`dsthm hmi hgkhi sghg khsui sthrtbi wgbm gb whs tlfi tl ibstrly shfhhmo tummbf

hmi gb rbnusbi . shfhhmo ylu `mlw ds fdnb hrtbry ln hnoghmdsthm.
http://natural-beauty-pavocavalry.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-pashtuns-in-history-aghahamin.htmlhttp://natural-beauty-pavocavalry.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-pashtuns-in-history-aghahamin.htmlhttp://natural-beauty-pavocavalry.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-pashtuns-in-history-aghahamin.html


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_bimbsihy, Zbptbkebr 89, 5388

H Ihr` _dmtbr dm Hnoghmdsthm
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Zhfhmo Shss

Zhturihy, Ibjbkebr 55, 5385

Ygb Shsgtums dm Gdstlry-Hogh.G.Hkdm

55 Khrjg, 5388

Ygb Shsgtums dm Gdstlry-Hogh.G.Hkdm

Ygb Shsgtums
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Hogh.G.Hkdm

Fbt tgb pdjturbs spbh` hs tgb ndrst phrt ln tgds sukkdmo up ln h shi jghptbr ln gdstlry !
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_gbm D sthrtbi prbphrdmo nlr ky ndrst khalr edi dm Hnoghmdsthm " Mhogfu-@heuf"

Bfbjtrdj trhmskdssdlm fdmb D wbmt nlr prb edi survby lm @heuf Fhthehmi Ulhi.Ygb

fljhfs hff Shsgtums tlfi us tght tgby wbrb phdi 833 RZI pbr tlwbr nlr ibstrlydmo hpyflm dm Zlvdbt Hnoghm _hr !

Bxtrbkdsk ds h vbry Sh`dsthmd bxplrt tl hff mbdogelurdmo jlumtrdbs.
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Lnn jlursb tgb RZ whs hfsl h klmstbr dm tgds sdtuhtdlm hs wbrb tgb Sh`dsthmds wgl

wbrb tgb RZ vhsshfs.Dm jlursb ln ky 7 ybhrs dm Hnoghmdsthm D idsjlvbrbi tght

khalr ihkhob ln Hnoghm whr whs dm Shsgtum ebft hs dt whs jflsbr tl Sh`dsthm hmi dtwhs bhsdbr tl flodstdjhffy supplrt tgb jghrhjtbrs ibstrlydmo pyflms.

Hs D trhvbffbi mlrtg D idsjlvbrbi tght tgb mlrtg whs fdtbrhffy umihkhobi hs dt whs

nhrtgbr hwhy nrlk Sh`dsthm ! D fbhvb dt nlr bxpbrts dm Shsgtum gdstlry tl auiob

wgbtgbr Shsgtum hrbh whs ihkhobi dm lribr tl `bbp Shsgtums ehj`whri lr dt whs h

jldmjdibmjb !

Dt wlufi eb wrlmo tl erhmi h Shsgtum hs h elrm fumhtdj !

Ygb orbhtbst plbts dm tgb sue jlmtdmbmt sthrtdmo nrlk Mhwhe Zgbnth @ghm

Ehmohsg ,Alsg Khfdghehid Hnrdid H`gthr Zgbbrhmd hmi Hgkhi Nhrhz wbrb Shsgtums !

Dmibbi tgb klst prlorbssdvb Hnoghms hmi Sh`dsthmds ghvb ebbm Shsgtums !

_dtglut Hsfhk _hthmahr tgb dmilkdthefb Sh`tdhwhf lr wdtglut Zhdi Oufhelzhd tgb

Zhur Ubvlfutdlm khy ghvb tlthffy nhdfbi dm Hnoghmdsthm !

Ky ibhr Qhzd fhiy nrdbmi nrlk @glst skl`b tgb khxdkuk aldmts hmi irhm` klrb

vli`h tghm hmy khm tght D kbt dm Hnoghmdsthm hmi prbnbrrbi ebdmo dmtdkhtb wdtg

tgb jurthdms lpbm !

Dt wlufi eb jlrrbjt tl tbrk Shsgtums hs vdjtdks ln oblorhpgy , ln ebdmo idvdibi dm

twl sthtbs , ebdmo rbohribi hs h plfdtdjhf tgrbht ey mlm Shsgtums dm eltg Sh`dsthm

hmi Hnoghmdsthm ! Ebdmo klrb hivbmturlus hmi erhvb tghm hmy rhjb dm tgb rbodlm ,

tghm`s tl oblorhpgy , gdstlrdjhf jdrjuksthmjbs hmi D ghtb tl shy slkb rhjdhf

nhjtlrs !

Ygb Shsgtums wbrb tgus rbohribi hs jhmmlm nliibr ey Drhmdhms, Kuoghfs,Yur`s

,Zd`gs ,Erdtdsg hmi Sh`dsthmds hmi h usbnuf rbhslm tl rbkhdm dm Hnogyhmdsthm ey tgb

RZH !


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_gbm tgb Obrkhm @hdsbr whmtbi h rbvlft hohdmst Erdtdsg dm Dmidh tgb lmfy lmbs

wgl jhkbtl rdsb dm rbvlft wbrb tgbtrdehf Shsgtums !

H Shsgtum trdeb Hnrdid ds tgb lmfy trdeb dm gdstlry wgbrb tgb Erdtdsg Bkpbrlr hwhribi h ^djtlrdh

Jrlss tl lmb jlusdm hmi tgb Obrkhm @hdsbr tgb Drlm Jrlss tl tgb ltgbr jlusdm ! Eltg ndogtdmo dm tgbshkb hrbh !

Ygb Kuoghfs dkplrtbi Drhmdhms hohdmst Shsgtums hmi wbrb uftdkhtbfy ebtrhybi ey

tgb Drdhmdhms wgbm tgb Khrhtghs hmi Mhidr Zghg htthj`bitgb Kuoghfs.

Ygb ehj`elmb ln Mhidr Zghgs hrkys wbrb tgb Heihfd Shsgtums ! Ygb ebst Kuoghf

hrky slfidbrs hphrt nrlk Rzeb`s wbrb Shsgtums !

Tbt tgds rhjb whs rbohribi ey nbhr hmi hpprbgbmsdlm hmi tgrluoglut gdstlry usbi

tl ndogt prlxy whrs ! Aust ebjhusb dt whs tgluog plfdtdjhffy ihmobrlus tght tgby

rbkhdmbi nrbb hmi orbw plfdtdjhffy hmi bjlmlkdjhffy !

Ygbrb ds ml ibmydmo tght h Shsgtum ds nlrkdihefb dm hmy rlfb ,eb dt h fbntdst @ghfqd

lr h Yhfdehm ! Ygds ds sl ebjhusb gb ds erluogt up tl eb tlthffy jlkkdttbi tl hm dibh

tght gb ebfdbvbs dm ! Ygds khy eb hm hmtgrlplflodjhf lr sljdlflodjhf bxpfhmhtdlm !

H Zhnd lr h Qhirhm lr h @ghrltd ds nlrkdihefb rbhorifbss ln tgb nhjt tght gb ds

Uhgkhtuffhg Zhnd wdtg tgb DZD lr h _hthmahr wgl whs h idb ghri fbntdst lr h

Oufhelzhd wgl whs Hnoghmdsthms ebst Dmtbrdlr Kdmdstbr hmi ybt plffbi tgb gdogbst

mukebr ln vltbs nrlk @glst dm 5332 Bfbjtdlms.

Ky nrdbmi h prl Sh`dsthm Shsgtum tl tgb jlrb gbhidmo hm DZD sbjtlr jlmnbssbi

tght bvbm tgb ebst ilos usbi dm ilo ndogt hrb erbi dm Shsgtum hrbhs ! Dt khy eb

drlmdjhffy sykelfdj eut trub.

Ky pbrslmhf lesbrvhtdlms dmidjhtb tght tgb Shsgtums wbrb rbohribi hs jhmmlm

nliibr tl eb usbi dm @hsgkdr hmi Hnoghmdsthm ey tgb Sh`dsthmd bsthefdsgkbmt .Ygus drlmdjhffy wgdfb tgb klst prlorbssdvb sbjtdlm dm Hnoghm sljlbty wbrb Shsgtum

@ghfqds wdtglut wglk tgbrb wlufi ghvb ebbm ml fbntdst jlup dm Hnoghmdsthm ,tgb

Shsgtums sunnbrbi tgb klst dm Hnoghm whr hmi tgb mlm Shsgtums ohdmbi tgb klst ,

plfdtdjhffy hmi bjlmlkdjhffy !


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Ibklorhpgy ds jrubf ! Dt ds ibvhsthtdmo hmi Sh`dsthms ibklorhpgy ds jghmodmo !

@hrhjgd ds tgb fhrobst Shsgtum jdty dm tgb wlrfi hmi wb hrb ht h whtbrsgbi wgbm

Shsgtums khy mlt eb khmdpufhtbi hmy flmobr tgb why tgby ghvb ebbm khmdpufhtbi dm

tgb phst !

Hs tgby shy tgb wgbbf turms dm gdstlry !

--

H.G Hkdm
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Ibfdebrhtb Htthj`s lm Djlmdj _lkbm dmdtdhtbi ey Sh`dsthmd,ZhuidRZ splmslrbi Kuahgdibbm dm Zlvdbt Hnoghm _hr

Ibfdebrhtb Htthj`s lm Djlmdj _lkbm dmdtdhtbi ey Sh`dsthmd,Zhuid RZ

splmslrbi Kuahgdibbm dm Zlvdbt Hnoghm _hr

Hogh G Hkdm

Lur kbklrdbs hrb sglrt hmi wb hrb ebdmo nllfbi ey tgb sl jhffbi hivhmjbi sthtbs dm tgb mhkb ln

Khfhfh.

Ygb ndrst htthj`s lm wlkbm dm mhkb ln diblfloy wbrb sthrtbi ey tgb sl jhffbi Hnoghm Kuahgdibbm

tutlrbi ey Sh`dsthmd sthtb wdtg klrhf hmi khtbrdhf supplrt ln tgb RZ , Zhuid Hrhedh,R@.

Ht tgb elttlk whs fust nlr ilffhrs wgdjg ibndmbi Sh`dsthms Hnoghm plfdjy hmi Sh`dsthmd sthtb

ebmbndttbi nrlk eltg Hnoghm _hrs tgb ndrst 84?7-45 hmi tgb sbjlmi 5338-538: .Obmbrhfs wgl jlufi mlt

hnnlri h jhr ehttbry ebjhkb edffdlmhdrbs.
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EBHUDMO SLDMY JHKB YL UBERDFI HNOGHMDZYHM _GDJG _HZ IBZYULTBI ET RZ NDMHMJBI

KRAHGDIBBM DM ZL^DBY HNOGHM _HU.OUBO SLF@ _HZ H OUBHY NUDBMI _GL IHDFT IBNDBI JRUNB_

UBZYUDJYDLMZ HMI DZDYBI MT UBZDIBMJB LSSLZDYB SH@DZYHMD HKEHZZHILUZ UBZDIBMJB LM ZYUBBY 83

YL GH^B H [email protected]^BU IQDOOBF NHU UDOGY _HZ HFZL H OUBHY NUDBMI H EUDFFDHMY

JLKKRMDJHYDLMZ ZSBJDHFDZY.YGB SGLYLOUHSG DZ H SHUYT HY EBHUDMO SLDMY ORBZY GLRZB

ZBSYBKEBU 5339.OUBO SLF@ _HZ HFZL H UBORFHU _HF@DMO SHUYMBU HY YHSH EDED KHGUR
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_B IDZJRZZBI DM OUBHY IBYHDF @HERFZ ZLJDHF FDNB DM 84?3s HZ KTZBFN HMI EBOAHM _GL _HZ H

ZL^DBY NLUBDOM ZBU^DJB HNOGHM ZSBJDHFDZY SLZYBI DM @HERF DM 84?3Z LM LRU KLUMDMO _HF@Z HY

YHSH D EDED KHGUR
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Ky ibhr nrdbmi hmi rbfhtdvb Ahorhm Qh`dr h Zhnd Shsgtum trhdmbi ht Udoh Slfdjb Hjhibky rbkbkebrs

trhvbffdmo dm hm Hmtlmlv wdtg Mhogkh nrlk @heuf tl Khzhr Zghrdn hmi nlmify rbkbkebrbi glw Mhogkh

rhvdsgbi Ztlfdjgmhyh hmi jghdm skl`bi tlp quhfdty Hnoghm Ghsgdsg .
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Qh`dr prbphrbs h aldmt hs wb jbfberhtb Mlwrlz 5337,dm tgb kdiifb ds Hnoghm Dmtbffdobmjb Khalr trhdmbi

ht Yhsg`bmy Dmtbffdobmjb sjgllf.Gb whs umnlrtumhtbfy idskdssbi hs phrt ln tgb Kuahgdibbm ilkdmhtbi

Hnoghm Dmtbffdobmjb hntbr 5338
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h punn mbhr @glst,ibspdtb Sh`dsthmd hmi RZ prlphohmih tgb fbntdst Dmtbrdlr Kdmdstbr Zhdi Oufhelzhd olt

tgb khxdkuk vltbs nrlk @glst dm Hnoghm bfbjtdlms
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H OFHZZ LN OUHMYZ _GZD@BT YL JBFBEUHYB NDUZY ZML_ NHFF LN IBJBKEBU 533>
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D rbkbkebr irdvdmo tl L`hrh dm h ^lf`swholm dm 84?7 tl kbbt Khalr Obmbrhf Kdrzh Hsfhk Ehdo h nhkdfy

nrdbmi .Ygb rlhi whs sl ehi tght tgb ^lf`swholms sglj`s wbrb fdtbrhffy erl`bm dmtl mlm bxdstbmjb.Ygb

Sh`dsthmd sthtb idi mlt ghvb tgb klmby tl bvbm rbphdr tgb rlhi jlmmbjtdmo twl khdm tlwms ln Fhglrb

hmi Kufthm.
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KT JHY ZGHUBBN DM ZHNB GHMIZ LN H YDOUBZZ

Nbkhfb sdmobrs pfhybi h jrujdhf rlfb dm Zlvdbt Hnoghm _hr.Zhdi Oufhelzhd tgb dmilkdthefb Hnoghm

Dmtbrdlr Kdmdstbr lrohmdsbi h jufturhf trlupb dm Kdmdstry ln Dmtbrdlr.Ygb hdk whs tl rhdsb klrhfb ln tgb

IUH hrkbi nlrjbs hmi Zhrhmily < Ygb trllp dmjfuibi Mhogkh,_habbgh,Shrhstll hmi khmy klrb.

Oufhelzhd ds tgb khm wgl jrbhtbi Zhrhmily , tgb Kdmdstry ln Dmtbrdlr trllps wgl elrb tgb erumt ln

Hnoghm whr.

Oufhelzhd whs ndmhmjdhffy glmbst hmi ml lmb jhm sthtb tght gb htb bebm h pbmmy < Gb idi mlt ghvb

bvbm gds lwm jhr lr h glusb hmi whs odvbm h glusb dm Lfi Kh`rlyhm 2 _hr0 tgb orlwdmoidsbmjghmtkbmt ln Bhst Sh`dsthm0 tgb 84?8 _hr hmi tgbsbphrhtdlm ln Ehmofhibsg0 tgb Eguttl hmi Qdh rbodkbs0Dsfhkdshtdlm ln tgb plfdty0 tgb Hnoghm adghi hmi ltgbrsbjurdty hmi olvbrmhmjb dssubs dm Sh`dsthm umibr ObmbrhfKusghrrhn, hmi tgb suesbqubmt jdvdfdhm olvbrmkbmt dmrbfhtdlm tl Dsfhkdst kdfdthmjy, Dmidh, tgb RZ hmi tgb wlrfi htfhrob.

Ygb jlmjfuidmo hpprhdshf ln tgb sthtb ln hnnhdrs dm Sh`dsthm dsmlt prlkdsdmo eut vbry dkplrthmt tl rbnfbjt lm ey Sh`dsthmdbfdtbs, plfdjykh`brs, sbjurdty hmhfysts hmi tgb jlumtry's lfihmi mbw nrdbmis hmi ilmlrs fd`b tgb RZ, Jgdmh hmi ZhuidHrhedh1

"Ygb sthtb sbbks tl ghvb flst jlmtrlf dm tgb dmtbrmhf ilkhdmhs nhmhtdjs ghvb ebbm hefb tl gdt throbts hfklst ht wdff.Sh`dsthm's rbputhtdlm hs tgb bpdjbmtbr ln oflehf tbrrlrdsk

hmi h rloub sthtb ds tgbrb tl sthy nlr qudtb slkb tdkb.Hmltgbr khalr tbrrlrdst htthj` lutsdib Sh`dsthm jhm jrbhtb hihmobrlus sdtuhtdlm nlr tgb sbjurdty hmi bxdstbmjb lnSh`dsthm. Dt ds, tgbrbnlrb, dkpbrhtdvb tght tgb sth`bglfibrs dmtgb Sh`dsthm plwbr bquhtdlm bspbjdhffy tgb kdfdthry wlr` lut h flmo-tbrk plfdjy hmi strhtboy tght jhm jrbhtbsthedfdty, pbhjb, hmi prlspbrdty wdtgdm Sh`dsthm hs wbff hs


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gbfp mlrkhfdsb rbfhtdlms wdtg dts mbdogelurs prlvdibi tgby,tll, murturb sdkdfhr hspdrhtdlms" Pp.9?3[.

(Yl eb jlmtdmubi)

Ygb wrdtbr ds h prlnbsslr ln Zbjurdty Ztuidbs ht tgb HustdmSbhy Zthtb Rmdvbrsdty, Ybmmbssbb, RZH

Ihdfy Ydkbs, _bimbsihy, Aufy 8?, 538:gttp1//www.ihdfytdkbs.jlk.p`/ibnhuft.hsp

ELL@ UB^DB_1 Sh`dsthm, h sthtb wdtgdm h sthtb DD

Sh`dsthm Ygb Ohrrdslm Zthtb1 Lrdodms,

Bvlfutdlms, Jlmsbqubmjbs, 849?-5388Hutglr1 Dsgtdhq HgkbiSuefdsgbr1 Lxnlri Rmdvbrsdty Srbss,@hrhjgd0 538:

Dsgtdhq Hgkbi's dmtbrbstdmo ell`ibklmstrhtbs glw hmi wgy h wbh` hmihplfdtdjhf hrky bvlfvbi dmtl tgb klstplwbrnuf dmstdtutdlm dm Sh`dsthm, vdrtuhffy

ghvdmo ib nhjtl vbtl plwbr lvbr plfdtdjs.Dt hfsl jlmtrlfs Sh`dsthm's mujfbhrwbhplms hmi nlrkufhtbs dts ilkbstdj hminlrbdom plfdjdbs. Ygb jdrjuksthmjbs tghtturmbi tgb Sh`dsthm hrky dmtl lmb ln tgb

klst phkpbrbi hrkdbs dm tgb wlrfi hmi tgb "justlidhm lnDsfhk" hrb dmtbrbstdmo. Ygb hutglr ghs ebhutdnuffy mhrrhtbitgb stlry dm gdstlrdjhf hmi jlmtbkplrhry pbrspbjtdvbs hs tlglw Sh`dsthm ghs ebjlkb h Ohrrdslm Zthtb.

_b fbhrm nrlk tgb ell` tght hs tgb Erdtdsg prlkltbi h"prltl-ohrrdslm sthtb" dm wght ds Sh`dsthm tlihy, tgb Jlfi_hr hfsl pfhybi hm dkplrthmt rlfb dm tgb hsjbmihmjy ln tgbkdfdthry dm tgb jlumtry0 hmi tght Sh`dsthm's "tgrbb ilmlrs",tgb RZ, Jgdmh hmi Zhuid Hrhedh, ghvb pfhybi dkplrthmt rlfbsdm tgds rbohri. Ygb hutglr hfsl bfujdihtbs hs tl glw nrlk tgb
http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2013%5C07%5C17%5Cstory_17-7-2013_pg3_6http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2013%5C07%5C17%5Cstory_17-7-2013_pg3_6http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2013%5C07%5C17%5Cstory_17-7-2013_pg3_6http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2013%5C07%5C17%5Cstory_17-7-2013_pg3_6http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2013%5C07%5C17%5Cstory_17-7-2013_pg3_6


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8473s lmwhri, ghw`dsg hmi Dsfhkdst lnndjbrs ghvb ebbmmurturdmo tgb jlmjbpts ln oflehf adghi hmi Shm-Dsfhkdskebylmi Zlutg Hsdh. "Hflmo wdtg ghri-jlrb Dsfhkdsts, tgbghw`s ebohm tl dkhodmb Sh`dsthm hs h orbht, bxphmsdvb,

rbodlmhf plwbr bxtbmidmo tl wbstbrm hmi jbmtrhf Hsdh hmi hfdebrhtbi @hsgkdr nrbb nrlk Dmidhm ljjuphtdlm," bxpfdjhtbstgb hutglr (p.9). Hgkbi ghs rdogtfy pldmtbi lut tght wgdfblnndjdhffy Sh`dsthm spbmis hrlumi 5.> pbrjbmt ln dts OIS lmibnbmjb lr hrlumi $ 2.2 edffdlm (jlkphrbi tl Dmidh's $ :9edffdlm), dt hjtuhffy spbmis kujg klrb. Dm 5334 dt spbmthrlumi 5: pbrjbmt lm ibnbmjb hmi lmfy 8.: pbrjbmt lm gbhftghmi ?.7 pbrjbmt lm biujhtdlm. Ygb jlrrbsplmidmo ndourbs nlrDmidh hrb87 pbrjbmt lm ibnbmjb, :.9 pbrjbmt lm gbhftg hmi85.? pbrjbmt lm biujhtdlm. Hmi tght Sh`dsthm's rdjg hmi

plwbrnuf ghrify phy hmy dmjlkb thx. Ubfydmo lm HybsghZdiidqh's ihth, tgb hutglr rbhssbrts tgb nhjt tght h Sh`dsthmdobmbrhf fbohffy hjqudrbs hssbts wlrtg Us 823 tl 933 kdffdlm.

_b `mlw tght Sh`dsthm ds plssdefy tgb wlrst bxhkpfb ln hplst-jlflmdhf sthtb. Hntbr tgb hsshssdmhtdlm ln Srdkb KdmdstbrFdhquht Hfd @ghm dm Ljtlebr 8428, tgb eurbhujrhjy fdtbrhffyrhm tgb jlumtry umtdf tgb ndrst kdfdthry th`blvbr dm Ljtlebr8427. Ygb lvbribvbflpbi eurbhujrhjy hmi kdfdthry hflmo

wdtg h wbff-bmtrbmjgbi "nbuihf" hrdstljrhjy ghvb ebbmrummdmo tgb jlumtry, wgdfb tgb wbh` hmi khrodmhfdsbi jdvdfsljdbty hmi nurtgbr khrodmhfdsbi khssbs rbkhdm suesbrvdbmt.Yghm`s tl tgb Jlfi _hr bxdobmjdbs, wgdfb Dsfhkdstsnflurdsgbi, fbntdst hmi bvbm fdebrhf ibkljrhtdj lpplsdtdlmghvb rbkhdmbi wbh` hmi idslrohmdsbi. Ygb hutglr pldmts luttght Ghkzh Hfhvd domlrbi tgb Jlfi _hr hspbjt dm tgbkhrodmhfdshtdlm ln tgb fbnt hmi tgb jlrrbsplmidmo rdsb lnDsfhkdst nlrjbs dm Sh`dsthm. _bh` jdvdfdhm lrohmdshtdlms ghvb

nhdfbi tl thj`fb ebttbr-lrohmdsbi hrkbi nlrjbs tght hfsl jhrryhrks. Ygb kdfdthry ghs mlt lmfy fbodtdkdsbi dtsbfn hs tgbjustlidhm ln nrbbilk hmi Dsfhk eut ghs hfsl prlkltbi tgbjufturb ln kdstrust tlwhris ibkljrhjy hmi jdvdfdhms. Ygbkdfdthry nrlk tdkb tl tdkb hfsl prlabjts "dmtbrmhf tgrbhts" hstgb edoobst sbjurdty jghffbmob tl Sh`dsthm. Ygb hutglr ghshptfy suoobstbi tght Sh`dsthm's pgysdjhf idsthmjb nrlk tgb


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RZ ghs ebbm h nhjtlr ebgdmi tgb jlumtry's bmalydmo"jlmsdibrhefb hutlmlky" wgbm jlkphrbi tl Fhtdm Hkbrdjhmjlumtrdbs wdtg rbohri tl RZ dmtbrvbmtdlm.

Ygds wlr` gbfps us umibrsthmi Ghrlfi Fhsswbff's hroukbmtstght h) hivhmjbi kdfdthry tbjgmlfloy hftbrs tgb jdvdf-kdfdthryrbfhtdlms tl tgb hivhmthob ln tgb kdfdthry0 hmi e) h erlhisljdhf ehsb rhtgbr tghm tgb trhidtdlmhf mhrrlw sljdhf ehsb lntgb rufdmo jfhssbs supplrts tgb ohrrdslm sthtb. Kdfdthrylnndjbrs dm h ohrrdslm sthtb prlvdib h erlhi rhmob ln sbrvdjbsebsdibs sbjurdty. Ygby rum tgb sthtb hmi dts bjlmlky0 jrbhtbales0 hmi prlvdib ltgbr sbrvdjbs. Klst dkplrthmtfy, tgbyjrbhtb hm "lebidbmt hmi iljdfb plpufhtdlm dmiljtrdmhtbi tlebfdbvb dm tgb dmbvdthedfdty ln whr" hmi tgb dmidspbmshedfdty

hmi supbrdlrdty ln tgb hrkbi nlrjbs. Hs tgb hutglr hroubs,Sh`dsthm ghs ebjlkb hm dibhf Khjgdhvbffdhm ohrrdslm sthtbwgbrb plfdtdjhf Dsfhk ebdmo tgb sthtb diblfloy ghs turmbi tgbjlumtry dmtl tgb "Nlrtrbss ln Dsfhk".

Ygb ell` ds vbry bmfdogtbmdmo eltg nlr bxpbrts hmi obmbrhfrbhibrs. D ndmi tgb nlfflwdmo bxplsdtdlms ey tgb hutglr vbryusbnuf tght1 h) hff jlup kh`brs austdny tgbdr hjtdlm hs"umpfbhshmt" eut "mbjbsshry" nlr tgb shnbty hmi dmtborhtdlm

ln tgb jlumtry, tl prltbjt nrlk dmtbrmhf tgrbhts (nrlkplfdtdjdhms)0 e) hs hrtdjufhtbi ey Hsoghr @ghm, tgb Sh`dsthmHrky whs rbsplmsdefb nlr hff tgb nlur whrs dt nluogt hohdmstDmidh. Ygb hutglr ghs hptfy hroubi tght tgb rhtdlmhfb nlr tgbOhrrdslm Zthtb fdbs dm tgb sujjbssnuf khmunhjturb ln nbhr lnnlrbdom hoorbssdlm hmi nbhr ln dmtbrmhf suevbrsdlm eyjdvdfdhms dm jhgllts wdtg plfdtdjdhms, ey khmdpufhtdmo tgbobmbrhfs. _b jhmmlt horbb klrb wdtg tgb hutglr tght1 "Dmhiidtdlm tl tgb nbhr ln nlrbdom hoorbssdlm, gdstlrdjhf hmi

jufturhf nhjtlrs jhm gbfp obmbrhtb hm diblfloy ln tgb ohrrdslmsthtb." H sthtb mbbis h "ihkmdmo mhrrhtdvb helut tgb bmbky,h vdjtdkglli sbfn-dibmtdty, hmi hm dkpbrhtdvb tl khdmthdm hstrlmo hmi plwbrnuf kdfdthry." Jlmsbqubmtfy, hs tgb hutglrhroubs, dm Sh`dsthm "tgrbht pbrjbptdlm" rhtgbr tghm "tgrbht"ghs ebjlkb tgb khdm stbbrdmo nlrjb ln sthtbjrhnt. Gb ghssujjdmjtfy mhrrhtbi tgb gdstlry ln tgb nhdfurb ln jdvdf


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hikdmdstrhtdlm dm Sh`dsthm hntbr tgb hsshssdmhtdlm ln dts ndrstSrdkb Kdmdstbr Fdhquht Hfd @ghm dm 8428.

Hs tgb hutglr ghs bfhelrhtbi tgb dmtbrmhf iymhkdjs ln

"ohrrdslm sthtbs", gb ghs hfsl idsjussbi tgb bxtbrmhf nhjtlrsebgdmi sujg sthtbs. Gb ghs rdogtfy pldmtbi lut tgb RZ hs tgbsupbrplwbr tght tlfbrhtbi hmi prlkltbi sbvbrhf ohrrdslmsthtbs ebsdibs Sh`dsthm, sujg hs Yhdwhm, Dsrhbf, Zlutg @lrbhhmi Dmilmbsdh iurdmo tgb Jlfi _hr. D ndmi tgb hutglr'snlfflwdmo lesbrvhtdlm vbry dmtbrbstdmo nlr umibrsthmidmo wgyjlumtrdbs fd`b Sh`dsthm hrb umibr kdfdthry tutbfhob1 "Sh`dsthmjhm jlmtdmub hs h plst-jlflmdhf ohrrdslm sthtb hs flmo hs tgbilmlrs hrb wdffdmo tl prlvdib dt wdtg tgb rbqudrbi rbslurjbs,hmi dt jhm jlmvdmjb lr jlbrjb dts plpufhtdlm tght tgb struoofb

nlr survdvhf mbjbssdthtbs prdlrdtdshtdlm ln tgb hffljhtdlm lnsjhrjb rbslurjbs tl sbjurdty hmi ibnbmjb."

Fhst eut mlt fbhst, tgb hutglr ghs sghttbrbi tgb kytgs tghtlmfy tgb kdfdthry ds rbsplmsdefb nlr turmdmo h ibkljrhjy dmtlh Ohrrdslm Zthtb. Jdvdfdhm plfdtdjdhms pfhy hm dkplrthmt rlfb dmtgds rbohri0 hmi tght h jlumtry umibr kdfdthry rufb ds ebttbrhefb tl ndogt bxtbrmhf bmbkdbs. Sh`dsthm mhrrlwfy survdvbitgb 84>2 whr hohdmst Dmidh hmi dm tgb mbxt bmjlumtbr wdtg

Dmidh dm 84?8 dt flst dts bhstbrm wdmo. Hmi iurdmo eltg tgbwhrs tght Sh`dsthm nlrjbi lm Dmidh, obmbrhfs rhm tgb jlumtry.

(Jlmjfuibi)

Ygb wrdtbr ds h prlnbsslr ln Zbjurdty Ztuidbs ht tgb HustdmSbhy Zthtb Rmdvbrsdty, Ybmmbssbb, RZH

SgI (Ztlj`glfk Rmdvbrsdty)0 Srlnbsslr Bkbrdtus ln Slfd t djhf Zjdbmjb,

Ztlj`gl fk Rmdvbrs d ty 0 hmi Glm lrhry Zbmdlr Nbf flw, Dmst d tutb ln Zlutg

Hs dhm Ztui dbs, Mhtdlmhf Rmdv brsdty l n Zdmohpl rb. Fhtbst pu ef djht dlm s1

Sh`dsthm1 Ygb Ohrrdslm Zthtb, Lrdodms, Bvlfut dl m, Jlmsbqu bmjbs (849?-

5388), @hrhjgd1 Lxnl ri Rm dvbrsdty Srbss , 538:0 Ygb Sumahe E fllidbi,

Shrt d t dlmbi hmi Jfbhmsbi1 Rmrhvbf f dmo tg b 849? Yrhobiy tgrl uog Zbjrbt


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Erd t dsg Ubplrts hmi Ndrst-Sbrslm Hjj lumts (@hrhjgd 1 Lxnlri Rmdvbrs d ty

Srbss , 53850 Mbw Ibfgd1 Uup h Ell `s , 5388). Gb jhm eb rbhjgbi

ht1ed f fukdhmCokhd f .jlk

Ibhr Hff,

Ygds ds tl sghrb wdtg ylu ky aly ht tgb vbry ndmb ell` prbsbmthtdlm jbrbklmy dmtgb Glusb ln Flris lm 82 Aufy. _b kbbt dm Jlkkdttbb Ullk 5, wgdjg jhm

hjjlkklihtb >3 pbrslms eut khmy klrb turmbi up sl slkb ghi tl sthmi.

Khmy kbkebrs ln tgb Erdtdsg phrfdhkbmt hmi bvbm slkb ibsjbmihmts ln Erdtdsg

lnndjbrs wgl ghi sbrvbi dm tgb Sumahe, h jrlss sbjtdlm ln Sh`dsthmds hmi Dmidhms

hmi bvbm h Zrd Fhm`hm obmtfbkhm httbmibi tgb jbrbklmy.

Ehrlmbss Zgrbbfh Nfhtgbr, orbht orhmiihuogtbr ln Zdr Ohmoh Uhk, rbjbdvbi ky

ell` hs h sykelfdj obsturb nrlk kb tl bxprbss tgb orhtdtuib ln tgb jdtdzbms ln

Fhglrb tl gbr orbht hmjbstlr wgl eudft tgb Zdr Ohmoh Uhk Glspdthf.

Ehrlmbss Nfhtgbr, vbtbrhm glmlurhefb kbkebr ln tgb Glusb ln Flris spl`b

helut gbr kbklrdbs ln h vbry pbhjbnuf hmi nrdbmify Fhglrb wgdjg suiibmfy dm h

khttbr ln wbb`s ibobmbrhtbi dmtl h vdlfbmjb tlrm jdty hmi sgb hmi gbr nhkdfy ghi

tl nfbb nrlk dt dm Khy 849?. Zgb ghs suesbqubmtfy ebbm tl Fhglrb hmi shdi tght

sgb whs hfwhys vbry wbff rbjbdvbi ey tgb Fhglrds hmi gbr rbfhtdlms tl Fhglrb

rbkhdm h pbrkhmbmt elmi ln flvb hmi prdib.

Bkdmbmt Sumahe plbt hmi tgb fbhidmo sjglfhr ln Zund Sumahe, Zhrwht Klgduiidmtrhvbffbi hff tgb why nrlk Fhglrb tl spbh` ht tgb jbrbklmy. Dm gbr hutglrdthtdvb

hiirbss sgb bxhkdmbi tgb Zund rllts ln tgb lfi Sumahe hmi rbfhtbi dt tl ky ell`

hmi glw sgb nlumi bvdibmjb ln tgb Zund dmnfubmjb pbrkbhtdmo tgb Sumahe ibspdtb

tgb rdltdmo tght tll` pfhjb dm 849?.

Ygb mbxt spbh`br whs Ir Hrumhegh Uly, wgl prbsbmtbi h Ebmohfd pbrspbjtdvb lm

tgb phrtdtdlm ln tgb Sumahe. Gb wlm tgb gbhrt ln bvbrylmb dm tgb ghff wdtg gds

bxtrbkbfy pbrjbptdvb lesbrvhtdlms hmi rbkhr`s. Gb hikdttbi tght ebnlrb rbhidmo

ky ell` gb ghi h vbry lmb-sdibi vdbw ln tgb phrtdtdlm eut hff tght ghi jghmobi.

Srlnbsslr Srdthk Zdmog, Lxnlri Erll`bs Rmdvbrsdty, h ibhr lfi nrdbmi tgbm

ibfdvbrbi h vbry hmdkhtbi hmi stdkufhtdmo hiirbss hmi rbfhtbi gds hutglrdthtdvb

vdbws lm tgb rlfb ln tgb sthtb dm nlkbmtdmo hmi kh`dmo plssdefb btgmdj jfbhmsdmo

hmi glw tgds whs hkpfy jlmndrkbi ey ky rbsbhrjg.
http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1850683771584317527http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1850683771584317527http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1850683771584317527http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1850683771584317527


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Dm ky prbsbmthtdlm D bxpfhdmbi glw tgb ell` whs jlmjbdvbi hmi glw D wbmt

helut rbsbhrjgdmo tgb bvbmts dm tgb Sumahe ln 849?. Ygb orbht idnndjuftdbs D

bmjlumtbrbi hmi glw D lvbrjlkb tgbk.

Srlnbsslr Hkdm Kuoghf hfsl spl`b hmi tlfi tgb huidbmjb helut ky Fhglrb ihys

hmi rhidjhf plfdtdjs.Ygb X hmi H sbssdlm whs hfsl bxtrbkbfy dmvodlrhtdmo hmi D tglrluogfy bmalybi

rbsplmidmo tl tgb qubrdbs.

Ehrmlmbss Nfhtgbr tlfi kb tght sgb ghi httbmibi khmy sujg ell` fhumjgdmo

bvbmts dm tgb phst eut mltgdmo jlkphrbi tl tgb khodj tght whs prliujbi tgds

tdkb. Yght whs tgb ebst jlkpfdkbmt D jlufi rbjbdvb.

Dt whs h orbht ihy nlr kb. D `mlw glw ky nrdbmis hff lvbr tgb wlrfi sghrb tgds

aly ln kdmb. Yghm` ylu tl hff ln ylu.

Ebst rbohris,

Dsgtdhq

SgI (Ztlj`glfk Rmdvbrsdty)0 Srlnbsslr Bkbrdtus ln Slfdtdjhf Zjdbmjb, Ztlj`glfk

Rmdvbrsdty0 hmi Glmlrhry Zbmdlr Nbfflw, Dmstdtutb ln Zlutg Hsdhm Ztuidbs,

Mhtdlmhf Rmdvbrsdty ln Zdmohplrb. Fhtbst puefdjhtdlms1 Sh`dsthm1 Ygb Ohrrdslm

Zthtb, Lrdodms, Bvlfutdlm, Jlmsbqubmjbs (849?-5388), @hrhjgd1 Lxnlri

Rmdvbrsdty Srbss, 538:0 Ygb Sumahe Efllidbi, Shrtdtdlmbi hmi Jfbhmsbi1

Rmrhvbffdmo tgb 849? Yrhobiy tgrluog Zbjrbt Erdtdsg Ubplrts hmi Ndrst-Sbrslm

Hjjlumts (@hrhjgd1 Lxnlri Rmdvbrsdty Srbss, 53850 Mbw Ibfgd1 Uuph Ell`s,

5388). Gb jhm eb rbhjgbi ht1edffukdhmCokhdf.jlk

Ubfdodlm & Sh`dsthm Hrky


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YGDZ SGLYLOUHSG HMI LYGBUZ EBFL_ _BUB ZBMY YL IUDZGYDHX NLU GDZ ELL@ ERY DY DZ ZHI YGHY YGBZB KLZYZTKELFDJ SGLYLOUHSGZ _BUB MLY SREFDZGBI DM IUDZGYDHXZ ELL@ . YGB SH@D HUKT GHZ YBMYHJFBZ DMLWNLUI RMD^BUZDYT SUBZZ HFZL ! YGB LMFT BWJBSYDLMYGHY D YH@B YL IU DZGYDHXZ ELL@ DZ YGHY YGB JBMYUHFNHJY YGHY SH@DZYHM _HZ JUBHYBI ET YGB EUDYDZG HZ HYGDUI UHYB NRYRUB JGHYYBF KDFDYHUT EHZB DZ MLYIDZJRZZBI

KHALU OBMBUHF HNQHHF HYYBMIZ KBGNDF D ZGHEBBMH HMIYGDZ SGLYLOUHSG DZ SUDMYBI DM GDZ HUKLRUBIID^DZDLMZ ALRUMHF YL SULSHOHYB YGHY GB DZ H ^BUTUBFDODLRZ KHM- HFF NLU JHUBBUDZK

gttp1//skhffwhrsalurmhf.jlk/armf/hrt/tgb-orlwtg-ln-dsfhkdsk-dm-tgb-ph`dsthm-hrky
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8R04oT-NZcE/UTgIxnagy8I/AAAAAAAA5XQ/_txUIqMjhU4/s1600/aa-758347.jpghttp://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/the-growth-of-islamism-in-the-pakistan-armyhttp://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/the-growth-of-islamism-in-the-pakistan-armyhttp://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/the-growth-of-islamism-in-the-pakistan-armyhttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8R04oT-NZcE/UTgIxnagy8I/AAAAAAAA5XQ/_txUIqMjhU4/s1600/aa-758347.jpghttp://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/the-growth-of-islamism-in-the-pakistan-armyhttp://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/the-growth-of-islamism-in-the-pakistan-armyhttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8R04oT-NZcE/UTgIxnagy8I/AAAAAAAA5XQ/_txUIqMjhU4/s1600/aa-758347.jpghttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8R04oT-NZcE/UTgIxnagy8I/AAAAAAAA5XQ/_txUIqMjhU4/s1600/aa-758347.jpg


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YGDZ HUYDJFB FHJ@Z SBUZSBJYD^B HZ DY NHDFZ YLDMJLUSLUHYB FHZYBZY ELL@ SH@DZYHM YGB OHUUDZLM

ZYHYB ET IU DZGYDHX HGKHI

gttp1//www.sjrdei.jlk/ilj/88?9?3545/Jhrbbrdsk-Hppfb-Slfdsgdmo-Ztrhtbodj-Hsshssdmhtdlm-hmi-Gdstlry-Nfhttbry-wdff-obt-ylu-slkbwgbrb

JHUBBUDZK,HSSFB SLFDZGDMO , ZYUHYBODJHZZHZZDMHYDLM HMI GDZYLUT-NFHYYBUT _DFF OBY TLRZLKB_GBUB

Dm lribr nlr h Oubrrdffh whr tl sujjbbi tgrbb nhjtlrskhttbr.Ndrst tght tgb whr ghs hm dmidobmlus jghrhjtbr , db dtghs dmtbrmhf supplrt dm tgb jlumtry wgbrb dt dsfhumjgbi.Zbjlmi hmi klst dkplrthmt , tght dt ghs sthtbhjtlrs dm supplrt wgl hrb ibtbrkdmbi tl supplrt dt hmi wglglfi tgb vdbw tght tgby wdff ohdm klrb tghm wght tgby spbmidn tgb oubrrdffh nlrjbs tght tgby supplrt wdff wdm tgb whr lribsthedfdzb tgb throbt sthtb.H pdlmbbr DZD , jlkkhmil lnndjbr wgl whs tgb ndrst tl trhdmHnoghm oubrrdffhs lm ebghfn ln tgb DZD ghi tgb nlfflwdmo tlsthtb helut tgb Hnoghm _hr hmi gds bxpbrdbmjbs1---"_b ebohm wdtg dibhfdstdj kltdvbs.Fbt kb jfhrdny tght tgb Hnoghm ey mhturb ds mlt h ndogtbr lnpdtjgbi ehttfbs.Gb ehrohdms , khmdpufhtbs eltg sdibs ,jghrobs gds rbmt nrlk eltg sdibs hmi rhrbfy ndogts h pdtjgbiehttfb.Ljjhsdlmhf smdpdmo ds gds styfb.
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Ygb bxtrbkbfy flw Uussdhm jhsuhftdbs dm Hnoghm _hr , 89,333`dffbi dm tbm ybhrs jlkphrb tl >3,333 `dffbi dm ^dbtmhk prlvbtght tgbrb whs fdttfb ndogtdmo lm tgb orlumi.

Klst ln tgb rbhf ndogtdmo pbrnlrjb ghi tl eb ilmb ey Adghidstserluogt nrlk Kdiifb Bhst hmi ey Sh`dsthmd hrky rboufhrs hmijdvdfdhm Adghids rbjrudtbi nrlk vhrdlus phrts ln Sh`dsthm._b sthrtbi tgb hnnhdr dmspdrbi ey rbhf dibhfdsk eut sllmidsjlvbrbi tght dt whs hff helut klmby.Qdh hmi gds jrlmdbswbrb hff nrlk gukefb ehj`orlumi hmi shw tgb Hnoghm whr hsh pbrslmhf hnnhdr tl prbsbrvb tgbdr dffbohffy usurpbi plwbrhmi tl hkhss prdvhtb nlrtumbs.D whs lmb ln tgb ndrst tl ibhf wdtg Ghqqhmd wgl whs h tgdrirhtb hvbrhob vdffhob kuffhg.Zujg whs tgb stdm` bkhmhtdmo

nrlk tgds jghrhjtbr tght D khib gdk sdt dm tgb truj`s ehj`eliy.Dt ds ky jlmvdjtdlm tght Ghqqhmd mbtwlr` ds h Sh`dsthmdsglw.Ghqqhmd wdtglut Sh`dsthmd prltbjtdlm hmi supplrt dsfbss rbspbjthefb tghm h vdffhob jleefbr lr h vdffhob ghmi.D rboufhrfy wbmt hs nhr hs @heuf jdty , Ohribz jdty hmiZgdmihmi Hdr ehsb tl jhrry lut rhdis.Nrlk tgb ebodmmdmo tgb Hnoghm Kuahgdis ndrst prdlrdty whs tlkh`b klmby sbffdmo wbhplms.Adghi wb idsjlvbrbi whs h

kdsmlkbr.D whs pbrslmhffy idsdffusdlmbi wdtg tgb DZD hs h edhsbisbjthrdhm lutndt.Hftgluog D sthybi lm tl trhdm Zd`gs nlr Dmidh , @hsgkdrdKuahgdibbm nlr Dmidh , D whs ibbpfy idsdffusdlmbi.

Ygb idrty ohkb sthrtbi ey Qdh ibstrlybi Sh`dsthm hmi tlihyhs D sbb dt lur tlthf ibkdsb hs h sthtb ds mlt nhr hwhy.Hfftghm`s tl h prlkdsjulus nfdrthtdlm wdtg Adghi hilptbi hs h

nhjhib tl kdmt klmby.Bvbm tlihy tgb vhst euf` ln Yhfdehm dm Hnoghmdsthm hrbSh`dsthmd prlxdbs.Ygb Hnoghm phrt ln Yhfdehm hrb ollieusdmbss kbm.Hnoghm whr whs hjtuhffy h efbssdmo nlr eltgjlrrupt Hnoghm Adghids hmi tgbdr uftrh jlrrupt Sh`dsthmddmtbffdobmjb Adghi khstbrs.Ygb hklumt ln klmby Hnoghmdsthmshw dm ebtwbbm 84?7 hmi 8445 hmi ebtwbbm 5338 hmi tl


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ihtb ds h kdffdlm tdkbs klrb tghm hff klmby dm jdrjufhtdlm dmtgds rbodlm nrlk tgb tdkb ln Hfbxhmibr tgb Orbht !Ygb prlefbk dm Hnoghmdsthm ds sdkpfb .Dt ds Sh`dsthmdkhmdpufhtbi ohkb wdtg h flt ln Zhuid hmi Jgdmbsb klmby

nflwdmo dm.Ygb Zhuids hrb hohdmst Drhm hmi Sh`dsthmds ghvb hnbui wdtg Dmidh.Dn tgb RZH jhm hrktwdst tgb Sh`dsthmds hmiZhuids hmi tbff Dmidhms tl ebghvb hff wdff eb [email protected] khdmnhjtlr dm Hnoghmdsthm hrb Sh`dsthmds hmi thfdehm hrb aust hpbtty Sh`dsthmd prlxy._gbm tgds nhjt ds rbhfdsbi tgb RZ jhm kh`b sdkpfb plfdjdbs.Dm Sh`dsthm tgb RZ ds ibhfdmo wdtg Sh`dsthmd obmbrhfs nrlk hflwbr kdiifb jfhss ehj`orlumis.Ygb Sumahed Kusfdks hs hrhjb ghvb ml khrtdhf trhidtdlm tdff tgb Erdtdsg dmiujtbi tgbkdm tgb hrky.

Ygbsb pblpfb jhm sthmi hmy hklumt ln `dj`dmo hmi tgdssglufi eb nlrbdom plfdjy ln hmy plwbr tght whmts pbhjb dmHnoghmdsthm."Ygb DZD lnndjbr qultbi helvb ghs jglsbm tl rbkhdmhmlmyklus dm tgb dmtbrbst ln gds sbjurdty.Ygbrb jlufi ghvb ebbm ml Hnoghm whr wdtglut Sh`dsthmd sthtbsupplrt.Ygds whs trub dm 84?7 lr 84?4 hmi tgds ds trub tlihy .Jlflmbf Zhfkhm wgl whs lmb ln tgb pdlmbbrs ln Hnoghm _hrhmi trhdmbi hff tgb jghrhjtbrs sthrtdmo nrlk Gb`khtyhr hmi

Khsui tl Kuffhg Lkhr hmi LEF , sthmidmo lm tgb bxtrbkbrdogt dm 84?3.Khalr Kusghrrhn fhtbr Obmbrhf Kusghrrhn lmbxtrbkb fbnt Jlflmbf Zhfkhm ky idsthmt rbfhtdvb hmi jflsbnrdbmi ds rbohribi hs tgb Olinhtgbr ln Hnoghm , Hf Xhbih hmiYhfdehm dm Hn Sh`. Zhfkhm rbjlumtbi tgb Hnoghm whr wdtgprdib . Gb ds lmb wgl ebfdbvbs tght Dsfhkdsts wdff uftdkhtbfywdm tgb lmoldmo oflehf whr ebtwbbm tgb wbst hmi tgbDsfhkdsts.Zhfkhm tgdm`s tght tgb mbtwlr` ln Dsfhkdsts ds guob hmi wdff

prbvhdf uftdkhtbfy.D il mlt horbb wdtg gds hssbrtdlms eut tgbmbvbry khm ghs gds lr gbr wlrfi vdbw.Ygb DZD ghi ebbm dmvlfvbi dm vhrdlus oubrrdffh whrs dmmbdogelurdmo jlumtrdbs sdmjb dts bsthefdsgkbmt.JlflmbfZhrihr Gukhyum nrlk 52 Jhvhfry wgl hfsl trhdmbi Fhsg`hr bYhyyheh lm ebghfn ln tgb DZD kujg fhtbr hmi hfsl rhdsbi tgbSumahe Bfdtb Nlrjb dm 8443s rbjlumtbi dm 847: glw gb ghi


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lpbrhtbi dm Dmidhm MBNH hrbh wdtg tgb Mhoh hmi KdzlOubrrdffhs wdtg h gbhvy spllf thpb rbjlribr lm gds ehj` tlrbjlri tgb slumis dm fhtb 84>3s .DZDs lesbssdlm wdtg oubrrdffh whr ebohm dm 84?8 wgbm tgb

Dmidhms usbi Ku`td Ehgdmd oubrrdffhs dm tgbm BhstSh`dsthm.Ygb gukdfdhtdmo 84?8 ibnbht fbnt h ibbp sjhr lm tgbSh`dsthmd kdfdthry psyjgb. Ebjhusb 84?8 ghi tl eb hvbmobi,Dsfhk ebjhkb tgb jbmtrb tgbkb ln Sh`sthmd kdfdthrysystbk.Ygb jlkklm khm jlufi lmfy eb ohfvhmdzbi dm tgbmhkb ln Dsfhk.Zllm hntbr 84?8 ibehjfb dm 84?8 Sh`dsthmd kdfdthry olli hsbjlmi klrb ruib sglj` wgbm h mbw oubrrdffh whr sthrtbi dmSh`dsthmd Ehfljgdsthm.Ygb hrky mlr tgb spbjdhf nlrjbs wbrbnuffy trhdmbi tl ndogt h oubrrdffh whr lm tgbdr lwm sldf.

Sh`dsthmd sthtb pdj`bi up oubrrdffh whr hs tgb jbmtrhf pdffhr lndts nlrbdom plfdjy wgbm Sh`dsthms jdvdfdhm prdkb kdmdstbrshmjtdlmbi h oubrrdffh whr dm Hnoghmdsthm. Jlflmbf Zhfkhmtgbm h khalr hmi hm dmstrujtlr ht tgb Jlkkhmil ZZO Zjgllfht Jgbrht ebjhkb lmb ln tgb ndrst tbhjgbrs ln lesjurb Hnoghmoubrrdffhs mhkbi Hgkhi Zghg Khslli,OufehiidmGb`khtyhr,Odffhmd hmi Uheehmd.Ygds whs 84?9.Dm 5339 D wdtg orbht idnndjufty pbrsuhibi ky nrdbmi hmiJghdrkhm ln Hnoghmdsthm Ztuiy Jbmtrb tl puefdsg tgb hrtdjfb

qultbi ebflw dm tgb ndrst dssub ln Alurmhf ln HnoghmdsthmZtuidbs._ght ghi ghppbmbi whs mlw tgb glusbglfi trutgeut pblpfb wbrb stdff hnrhdi tl shy dt dm prdmt1-- "Dm 84?:, tgbtgbm Dmspbjtlr Obmbrhf ln Nrlmtdbr Jlrps (DONJ), Erdohidbr(fhtbr Khalr Obmbrhf) Mhsbbruffhg @ghm Ehehr prbsbmtbi hphpbr lm Hnoghmdsthm hmi Sh`dsthmd trdehf hrbhs. NrlmtdbrJlrps ds h elribr phrhkdfdthry nlrjb fbi ey Sh`dsthmd hrkylnndjbrs sbjlmibi tl tgb kdfdtdh wgdjg ouhri's tgb jlumtry'swbstbrm elribrs. Ygb khdm tgrust ln tgb phpbr whs tgb nbhr

ln Zlvdbt gbobklmy hmi pltbmtdhf ln Hnoghm prlvdidmosupplrt tl trdebs rbsdidmo dm Sh`dsthmd tbrrdtlry. Dm tgb fdogtln tgds hssbsskbmt, hm Hnoghm Jbff whs jrbhtbi. Ygds whs hgdog fbvbf sbjrbt orlup, wgdjg dmjfuibi nlur kbkebrs -Srdkb Kdmdstbr Qufndqhr Hfd Eguttl, Eguttl's hivdslr lmNlrbdom Hnnhdrs Hzdz Hgkhi, Jgdbn ln Hrky Zthnn Obmbrhf Yd``h@ghm hmi DONJ Ehehr. Idssdibmts nrlk Hnoghmdsthm wbrb


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erluogt tl Sh`dsthm wgbrb tgby wbrb put lm tgb phyrlff ln NJhmi tgbm sbmt tl idnnbrbmt fljhtdlms hmi trhdmbi dm ghmifdmoln skhff hrks hmi bxpflsdvbs. Ehehr's twl sthnn lnndjbrsJlflmbf Hthur Uhgkhm @hffu hmi Jhpthdm (fhtbr Khalr hmi h

plfdtdjhf fbhibr) Hnthe Hgkhi @ghm Zgbrphl gbfpbi Ehehr dmjllridmhtdlm ln slkb ln tgbsb bnnlrts. Dm tgds wlr`, tgb tgbmgbhi ln tgb Dmtbr Zbrvdjbs Dmtbffdobmjb (DZD) ibthjgkbmt dmSbsghwhr, Khalr (fhtbr Erdohidbr Hsfhk Elifh) whs hfslerluogt dmtl tgb pdjturb. Ehehr jlmtdmubi tl supbrvdsb tgdslpbrhtdlm hntbr gds rbtdrbkbmt nrlk tgb kdfdthry wgbm gb whshppldmtbi olvbrmlr ln Mlrtg _bst Nrlmtdbr Srlvdmjb.Sh`dsthm trdbi tl rbjrudt h skhff jlrb orlup nrlk bhjg ln tgb54 prlvdmjbs ln Hnoghmdsthm. Ygby wlufi tgbm ol ehj` hmirbjrudt klrb kbkebrs dmsdib Hnoghmdsthm. Nrlk 84?:-??

helut 5333-5233 Hnoghm idssdibmts wbrb trhdmbi dm Sh`dsthm.Sh`dsthmds prlvdibi tgbk wdtg Dmidhm oums hmi bxpflsdvbs tlhvldi hmy mbohtdvb nhfflut dm jhsb ln bxplsurb ln tgb pfhm.(Ubnbrs-Flvb Flvb Ygy Mbdogelr0 @dff Ygy Mbdogelr -Sh`dsthm's Hnoghm plfdjyEy1 Ir. Ghkdi Gusshdm Suefdsgbi dmndrst dssub ln Alurmhf ln Hnoghmdsthm Ztuidbs dm Aufy 5339)


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> HUKLRUBI ID^DZDLM LM YHEFBBOGD KDZZDLM MHQDK RZZHFHHY DM 8479YGB ZHKB SBLSFB _BUB RZBI YL ZYHKS EHFFLYZ LNOBMBUHF QDHZ ELORZ IBJBKEBU 8479 UBNBUBMIRK YLFBOHFDZB GDZ URFB
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n6KhLCr_3wU/UTgIyM4eprI/AAAAAAAA5Xo/c15Zbapflm0/s1600/bb-760517.jpghttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n6KhLCr_3wU/UTgIyM4eprI/AAAAAAAA5Xo/c15Zbapflm0/s1600/bb-760517.jpghttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n6KhLCr_3wU/UTgIyM4eprI/AAAAAAAA5Xo/c15Zbapflm0/s1600/bb-760517.jpghttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n6KhLCr_3wU/UTgIyM4eprI/AAAAAAAA5Xo/c15Zbapflm0/s1600/bb-760517.jpg


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YGDZ KHYYBU GHZ EBBM IDZJRZZBI DM OUBHY IBYHDF DM IU

DZGYDHXZ ELL@ EBFL_ _GDJG _HZ UBJBMYFT SREFDZGBI.

HOGH G HKDM

Sh`dsthm1 Ygb Ohrrdslm Zthtb, Lrdodm, Bvlfutdlm, Jlmsbqubmjbj (849?-5388)

Ibhr Hff,

Ygb ndrst rbvdbw ln ky ell`, Sh`dsthm1 Ygb Ohrrdslm Zthtb,Lrdodms, Bvlfutdlm, Jlmsbqubmjbs (849?-5388), ey Ir BgshmHgrhrd, h RZ ehsbi Ibnbmjb Bxpbrt hppbhrbi rbjbmtfy dm tgbHkbrdjhm lmfdmb, Hsdh Ydkbs. Jlkkbmts hrb wbfjlkb.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hk7myHDP3s0/UPdzyUKJjmI/AAAAAAAA15w/sKuE3MFaBV0/s1600/121-713034.JPG


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Ebst rbohris,Dsgtdhq

SgI (Ztlj`glfk Rmdvbrsdty)0 Srlnbsslr Bkbrdtus ln Slfd t djhf Zjdbmjb,

Ztlj`gl fk Rmdvbrs d ty 0 hmi Glm lrhry Zbmdlr Nbf flw, Dmst d tutb ln ZlutgHs dhm Ztui dbs, Mhtdlmhf Rmdv brsdty l n Zdmohpl rb. Fhtbst pu ef djht dlm s1

Sh`dsthm1 Ygb Ohrrdslm Zthtb, Lrdodms, Bvlfut dl m, Jlmsbqu bmjbs (849?-

5388), @hrhjgd1 Lxnl ri Rm dvbrsdty Srbss , 538:0 Ygb Sumahe E fllidbi,

Shrt d t dlmbi hmi Jfbhmsbi1 Rmrhvbf f dmo tg b 849? Yrhobiy tgrl uog Zbjrbt

Er d t dsg Ubplrts hmi Ndrst-Sbrslm Hjj lumts (@hrhjgd 1 Lxnlri Rmdvbrs d ty

Srbss , 53850 Mbw Ibfgd1 Uuph Ell `s , 5388). Gb jhm eb rbhjgbi

ht1ed f fukdhmCokhd f .jlk

Hsdh Ydkbsgttp1//www.htdkbs.jlk/htdkbs/Zlutg\Hsdh/ZLR-38-

52398:.gtkf

ZSBH@DMO NUBBFT

Ygb ohrrdslm sthtb dm Sh`dsthm

Ey Bgshm Hgrhrd

Zpbh`dmo Nrbbfy ds hm Hsdh Ydkbs Lmfdmb nbhturb tght hfflws

oubst wrdtbrs tl ghvb tgbdr shy.Sfbhsb jfdj` gbrbdn ylu hrb

dmtbrbstbi dm jlmtrdeutdmo.

Ygb gdog vdsdedfdty ln Sh`dsthm dm rbodlmhf hmi oflehf hnnhdrs ds

lmb ln tgb rbhslms ebgdmi tgb puefdjhtdlm ln h mukebr ln

bxjbffbmt stuidbs bxpfhdmdmo tgb jlumtry's dmtbrmhf hnnhdrs hs

wbff dts rbodlmhf hmi oflehf strhtbodj khmbuvbrs.

Dsgtdhq Hgkbi's ell`,Sh`dsthm tgb Ohrrdslm Zthtb, ds

jbrthdmfy lmb sujg ell`. Elrrlwdmo tgb jlmjbpt, "ohrrdslm

sthtb," nrlk mltbi Hkbrdjhm plfdtdjhf sjdbmtdst Ghrlfi Fhsswbff,

Hgkbi ibvbflps hm bmohodmo eut jlkpfbx mhrrhtdvb ln Sh`dsthm.

Gds hjjlumt sthrts nrlk tgb edrtg ln tght mhtdlm dm h gdogfy

vlfhtdfb bmvdrlmkbmt, hmi erdmos dt nlrwhri tl 5388. Zdmjb
http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1850683771584317527http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1850683771584317527http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1850683771584317527http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/SOU-01-250413.htmlhttp://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/SOU-01-250413.htmlhttp://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/SOU-01-250413.htmlhttp://www.atimes.com/mediakit/write-for-atol.htmlhttp://www.atimes.com/mediakit/write-for-atol.htmlhttp://www.oup.com.pk/shopexd.asp?id=2416http://www.oup.com.pk/shopexd.asp?id=2416http://www.oup.com.pk/shopexd.asp?id=2416http://www.atimes.com/mediakit/write-for-atol.htmlhttp://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/SOU-01-250413.htmlhttp://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/SOU-01-250413.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1850683771584317527


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tgb Dmidhm tlp fbhibrsgdp mbvbr hjjbptbi Klghkkhi Hfd

Admmhg's (nlumibr ln Sh`dsthm) "twl mhtdlm tgblry" hs tgb

ehsds ln phrtdtdlm ln Erdtdsg Dmidh, tgb jghmjbs ln hmy

jllpbrhtdlm ebtwbbm tgb twl rbsuftdmo sthtbs hntbr tgbdr

edrtg wbrb kdmdkhf, tl sthrt wdtg.Ygb luteurst ln tgb @hsgkdrjlmnfdjt dm 849?, hfklst dkkbidhtbfy hntbr tgbdr dmjbptdlm hs

sbphrhtb mhtdlms, ibhft h sbvbrb eflw tl tgb prlspbjts ln

jllpbrhtdlm ebtwbbm tgb twl jlumtrdbs nlr sbvbrhf ibjhibs.

Ygb mltdlm ln h ohrrdslm sthtb sudts Sh`dsthm tl h tbb, dm tgb

sbmsb tght, dm sujg h sthtb, tgb kdfdthry mlt lmfy rbkhdms hs

tgb klst plwbrnuf hjtlr, eut hfsl nrbqubmtfy ebjlkbs tgb

olvbrmdmo bmtdty. Dt hfsl suesukbs tgb jlmjbpt ln "mhtdlmhf

sbjurdty sthtb", wgbrb tgb plwbr bfdtbs ln tgb jlumtry umibridsjussdlm hrb dmjbsshmtfy prbljjupdbi wdtg eltg bxtbrmhf

hmi dmtbrmhf bmbkdbs.

Dm h ohrrdslm sthtb, ebjhusb ln tgb kdfdthry's (tl eb prbjdsb,

tgb hrky, sdmjb dt ds tgb klst ilkdmhmt sbrvdjb dm tght

jlumtry) nbtdsg nlr ibvlurdmo h suesthmtdhf plrtdlm ln tgb

mhtdlm's kbhobr eut bxtrbkbfy prbjdlus jhpdthf dm lribr tl

klibrmdzb dtsbfn, ltgbr vdthf sljdbthf dssubs - sujg hs

dmvbstkbmts dm ibvbflpdmo klibrm biujhtdlmhf dmstdtutdlms, h

kuftdnhjbtbi dmiustrdhf ehsb, hmi sthtb-ln-tgb-hrt gbhftg jhrb

nhjdfdtdbs hmi dmstdtutdlms, btj -hrb orlssfy umibrnumibi.

Ygb ohrrdslm sthtb hfsl ibsjrdebs h sthtb wgbrb dmtbrmhf

diblflodjhf, sbjthrdhm, hmi btgmdj jlmnfdjts jlmtdmub tl tbhr

tgb jlumtry hphrt. Zhify, Sh`dsthm mlt lmfy jlmthdms hff ln

tgbsb nbhturbs, eut dt dmjbsshmtfy sunnbrs nrlk tgb hjutbfy

ibfbtbrdlus bnnbjts stbkkdmo nrlk tgbk.

Ilkbstdjhffy, Sh`dsthm whs mbvbr hefb tl ibvbflp dmtl h

sthefb ibkljrhjy. Jlmsbqubmtfy, dts jdvdfdhm hutglrdtdbs

lrdodmhffy (db, bhrfy 8423s) dmvdtbi tgb hrky tl dmtbrvbmb

wgbm tgby jlufi mlt jlmthdm ilkbstdj vdlfbmjb hmi idslribr.

Fhtbr lm, tgb hrky dmvdtbi dtsbfn tl ebjlkb tgb rufdmo plwbr


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ln tgb sthtb, sthrtdmo wdtg tgb jlup i'btht ln Obmbrhf

Klghkkbi Hyue @ghm dm 8427.

Ygb orlss dmjlkpbtbmjb ln Sh`dsthm's hrky hs h olvbrmdmo

bmtdty ebjhkb heumihmtfy jfbhr dm tgb flss ln Bhst Sh`dsthmumibr tgb kdfdthry rufb ln Hyue @ghm's sujjbsslr, Obmbrhf

Klghkkhi Thgyh @ghm. Yght trhobiy whs nlfflwbi lmfy h

nbw ybhrs fhtbr ey hmltgbr jlup, wgbm tgb Dsfhkdst Obmbrhf

Qdh uf-Ghq, mlt lmfy lvbrtgrbw tgb bfbjtbi olvbrmkbmt ln

Qufndqhr Hfd Eguttl dm 84?>, eut hfsl ghmobi gdk.

Erbh`dmo nrlk tgb umghppy bvbmts tght ljjurrbi iurdmo tgb

Qdh rbodkb, tgb nlurtg idjthtlr ln Sh`dsthm, Sbrvbz Kusghrrhn

(wgl jhpturbi tgb rbdom ln olvbrmkbmt ey lustdmo tgbbfbjtbi Srdkb Kdmdstbr, Mhwhz Zghrdbn dm 8444), idi mlt ghmo

hmy jdvdfdhm fbhibrs. Glwbvbr, Ebmhzdr Eguttl, tgb

prlspbjtdvb prdkb kdmdstbr dm tgb tgbm dkpbmidmo bfbjtdlms,

whs hsshssdmhtbi ey Dsfhkdst tbrrlrdsts.

Ygus, Sh`dsthm ebjhkb h jlumtry wgbrb ibkljrhtdj

olvbrmhmjb hppbhrbi lmfy splrhidjhffy hmi whs nrbqubmtfy

dmtbrruptbi ey kdfdthry idjthtlrs. Yglsb hutljrhts wdff eb

rbkbkebrbi nlr tgbdr utklst dmjlkpbtbmjb, bxjbpt nlr Qdh,

wgl wdff eb rbkbkebrbi nlr trhmsnlrkdmo Sh`dsthm -

lstbmsdefy drrbvljhefy - dmtl h gdogfy bxpflsdvb Dsfhkdst

plfdty.

Dsgtdhq Hgkbi's usb ln ohrrdslm sthtb hfsl umibrsjlrbs tgb

mltdlm ln "nlrtrbss Dsfhk", tgb rgbtlrdj tght tgb Sh`dsthmd

kdfdthry fbhibrs usbi umsujjbssnuffy tl umibrsjlrb tgbdr

rbslfvb tl smhtjg tgb Dmidhm-hikdmdstbrbi @hsgkdr nrlk tgbordp ln Dmidh's plwbrnuf kdfdthry.

Ygb klst idsjlmjbrtdmo hspbjt ln tght rgbtlrdj ds tght tgb

@hsgkdr jlmnfdjt ghs ebbm pbrkhmbmtfy jlujgbi hs h

rbfdodlus dssub idvdidmo tgb twl jlumtrdbs. D shy

"pbrkhmbmtfy" ebjhusb, hs nhr hs Dmidh ds jlmjbrmbi, tght


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jlmnfdjt whs rbslfvbi dm 8497, hmi tgb Fdmb ln Jlmtrlf (FLJ)

sbphrhtdmo tgb hrkdbs ln tglsb twl jlumtrdbs rbprbsbmts tgb

dmtbrmhtdlmhf elribr ebtwbbm tgb twl jlumtrdbs.

Sh`dsthm's bkbrobmjb, hflmo wdtg Dmidh, hs h jlumtryplssbssdmo mujfbhr wbhplms sdmjb 8447, ds hm lkdmlus

ibvbflpkbmt nlr twl rbhslms. Ndrst, ebjhusb tgb jlmnfdjt

ebtwbbm dts dmidobmlus Dsfhkdsts hmi tgb hrky ghs lmfy

dmtbmsdndbi sdmjb Obmbrhf Kusghrrhn's kylpdj ibjdsdlm tl usb

eruthf nlrjb tl bmi tgb Dsfhkdst ljjuphtdlm ln tgb Fhf Khsadi

(rbi klsqub) dm 533?.

Ygb nhjt tght, umibr Kusghrrhn, tght jlumtry ghi ebjlkb tgb

nrlmtfdmb sthtb ndogtdmo Hkbrdjh's "oflehf whr lm tbrrlr" whshmltgbr prdmjdphf rbhslm umibrfydmo tgb jlmnfdjt ebtwbbm tgb

Dsfhkdsts ln tght jlumtry hmi Sh`dsthm's kdfdthry. Zdmjb 533?,

lmb jhm bhsdfy jghrt tgb wlrsbmdmo ln tght jlmnfdjt dm tgb

nlrk ln sbvbrhf kdfdthry jhkphdoms dm tgb Mlrtg-_bst

Nrlmtdbr Srlvdmjb (mlw mhkbi @gyebr Sh`gtum`gwh) hmi

_hzdrdsthm.

Zbjlmi, wdtg tgb orlwdmo htthj`s ln tgb Dsfhkdsts lm tgb

kdfdthry ehsbs hmi ltgbr nhjdfdtdbs ln Sh`dsthm-dmjfuidmo tgb

Obmbrhf Gbhiquhrtbrs ln tgb hrky hmi tgb gbhiquhrtbrs ln

Sh`dsthm's mltlrdlusfy eruthf Dmtbr-Zbrvdjbs Dmtbffdobmjb

(DZD) ghs jrbhtbi wlrfiwdib hmxdbtdbs rbohridmo tgb sbjurdty

ln Sh`dsthm's mujfbhr wbhplms.

Lmb rboufhrfy gbhrs Srbsdibmt Ehrhj` Lehkh hmi ltgbr RZ

lnndjdhfs kh`dmo puefdj sthtbkbmts hssurdmo tgb wlrfi tght

tgb Sh`dsthmd wbhplms hrb shnb, wgdfb tgb Sh`dsthmd hrkyrbkhdms wlrrdbi helut ruklrs ln RZ-Dmidh, Dmil-Dsrhbfd

pfhms tl bdtgbr htthj` tght jlumtry's mujfbhr pfhmts lr smhtjg

dts mujfbhr wbhplms.

RZ-Sh`dsthm hmi Dmil-Sh`dsthm tdbs ghvb ebbm gdogfy

iymhkdj hmi bquhffy mltbwlrtgy nbhturbs ln tght jlumtry's


75/102

rlfb hs ohrrdslm sthtb. Sh`dsthm, hflmo wdtg Zhuid Hrhedh,

pfhybi h jrujdhf rlfb dm bmhefdmo tgb Rmdtbi Zthtbs tl ibnbht

hmi lust tgb Zlvdbt Rmdlm nrlk Hnoghmdsthm dm 8474.

Sh`dsthm's orlwdmo Dsfhkdzhtdlm dm tgb fhtb 84?3s hmi 8473s,hflmo wdtg tgb Zhuid ndmhmjbs hmi tgb Jgdmh's bjlmlkdj hmi

kdfdthry supplrt, jhkb dm ghmiy nlr tgb strhtbodj purplsbs ln

tgb Rmdtbi Zthtbs-splmslrbi adghi tl wdm, hs dt turmbi lut,

tgb Jlfi _hr. Ygb Zlvdbt Rmdlm dkpflibi lmfy h nbw ybhrs

hntbr dts gukdfdhtdmo wdtgirhwhf nrlk Hnoghmdsthm.

Glwbvbr, lmjb tgb jlkkumdst supbrplwbr whs lustbi nrlk

Hnoghmdsthm, tgb Rmdtbi Zthtbs nlfibi dts tbmt hmi fbnt tgb

hrbh, fbhvdmo Sh`dsthm tl usb tgb Dsfhkdst tllf ln dts nlrbdomplfdjy tl bsthefdsg hm hjutbfy Dsfhkdst rbodkb ln tgb Yhfdehm

dm Hnoghmdsthm. Drlmdjhffy, dt whs hfsl Hnoghmdsthm umibr tgb

rufb ln tgb Yhfdehm tght ebjhkb tgb pfhjb nrlk wgbrb Lshkh

edm Fhibm hmi gds hf-Xhbih tbrrlrdst orlup pfhmmbi tgb 4/88

tbrrlrdst htthj`s lm tgb Rmdtbi Zthtbs.

Zllm hntbr fbhvdmo Hnoghmdsthm tlwhri tgb bmi ln tgb 8473s,

tgb Rmdtbi Zthtbs hfsl dmtbmsdndbi dts bjlmlkdj hmi kdfdthry

shmjtdlms ebjhusb ln Sh`dsthm's mlt-sl-sbjrbt prlorhk tl

ibvbflp mujfbhr wbhplms. Ygb ohrrdslm sthtb, tgluog dt whs

ibvhsthtbi ey tgds ibjdsdlm, jlmtdmubi mlt lmfy tl survdvb,

eut wbmt hgbhi wdtg h ndrk rbslfvb tl ibvbflp dts mujfbhr

wbhplm. Yght ibtbrkdmhtdlm whs hfsl kdxbi wdtg h sbmsb ln

urobmjy tl ibvbflp dts lwm bxdstbmtdhf mujfbhr ibtbrrbmjb

hohdmst Dmidh.

Ygb gdogfy tureufbmt mhturb ln tgb Dmil-Sh`dsthm tdbs ds tgbnubf tght ghs ebbm irdvdmo tgb Sh`dsthm hrky's Dmidh-jbmtrdj

mujfbhrdzhtdlm leabjtdvbs, hs wbff hs tgb klihfdtdbs ln dts

nlrjb ibpflykbmts. Sh`dsthm ghs hfwhys ghi ibbp hmxdbtdbs

tght Dmidh whs mlt ghppy helut tgb phrtdtdlm hmi wlufi ol tl

hmy bxtrbkb tl umrhvbf Sh`dsthm. Ygb Dmil-Sh` whr ln 84?8

lvbr Bhst Sh`dsthm fbnt ml iluet dm tgb kdmis ln Sh`dsthmd


76/102

obmbrhfs helut Dmidh's "bvdf" ibsdoms tlwhri Sh`dsthm.

Jlmsbqubmtfy, Sh`dsthm ghs mlt lmfy hjqudrbi mujfbhr

wbhplms ln dts lwm, eut hfsl ghs jlmsdstbmtfy rbnusbi tl

bxtbmi tgb "ml ndrst usb iljtrdmb" tlwhri Dmidh. Dmidh, lm tgbjlmtrhry, ghs lnnbrbi tght iljtrdmb tl Sh`dsthm. Klrb tl tgb

pldmt, tgb nljus ln Dmidh's mujfbhr iljtrdmb ds prdkhrdfy hdkbi

ht tgb SUJ. Glwbvbr, nrlk tdkb tl tdkb, Dmidh ghs hkhssbi

trllps hflmo tgb Fdmb ln Jlmtrlf dm rbsplmsb tl tbrrlrdst

htthj`s nrlk Sh`dsthm-ehsbi Dsfhkdst orlups.

Hs hm hiibi rbsplmsb tl sujg tbrrlrdst htthj`s, Dmidh ghs

hfsl puefdjdzbi sujg whrndogtdmo iljtrdmbs hs "tgb iljtrdmb ln

fdkdtbi whr" hmi tgb "Jlfi Zthrt iljtrdmb", tgbrbey nurtgbrjlmvdmjdmo tgb Sh`dsthm hrky tght Dmidh rbkhdms tgb

nlrbklst sbjurdty tgrbht tl tgbdr jlumtry.

RZ-Sh`dsthm tdbs sunnbrbi hmltgbr alft wgbm tgb flmb

supbrplwbr ibjdibi tl bsthefdsg h strhtbodj phrtmbrsgdp wdtg

dts hrjgbmbky, Dmidh. Ygb prljbss sthrtbi iurdmo tgb sl-

jhffbi "strhtbodj idhfloub" tght tgb Rmdtbi Zthtbs ebohm wdtg

eltg Dmidh hmi Sh`dsthm. Glwbvbr, tgb RZ-Dmidh rlumis ln

tglsb mboltdhtdlms prljbbibi qudtb nrudtnuffy, nrlk tgb

strhtbodj pbrspbjtdvbs ln Dmidh.

Sh`dsthm nbft mbofbjtbi hmi khrodmhfdzbi, hmi dts httbkpts tl

mboltdhtb h sdkdfhr hrrhmobkbmt wdtg tgb flmb supbrplwbr

olt mlwgbrb. _gbm Srbsdibmt Ehrhj` Lehkh bmtbrbi tgb

_gdtb Glusb dm 5337, tgb RZ-Sh`dsthm idnnbrbmjbs stbkkdmo

Lehkh's Hnoghm whr hmi gds Hn-Sh` strhtboy ebjhkb h

jlmsthmt slurjb ln bsjhfhtdmo idnnbrbmjbs hmi drrdthtdlmebtwbbm _hsgdmotlm hmi Dsfhkhehi.

Ygb mltdlm ln h ohrrdslm sthtb ds qudtb usbnuf dm umibrsjlrdmo

tgb struoofb ebtwbbm tgb jdvdfdhm hmi kdfdthry rufdmo bfdtbs tl

ohdm tgb rbdms ln tgb olvbrmkbmt hmi tl `bbp tgb ltgbr sdib

nrlk th`dmo dt hwhy. Glwbvbr, tgb rbsdomhtdlm ln Obmbrhf


77/102

Sbrvbz Kusghrrhn dm 5337, hmi tgb suesbqubmt rbturm ln

jdvdfdhm rufb dm Sh`dsthm jlufi dmibbi eb vdbwbi hs h idsthmt

prlkdsb ln tgb wbh`bmdmo ln tgb ohrrdslm sthtb.

Zujg h prlkdsb nhjbi h sbtehj`, dm tgb wh`b ln h gdogfy dmbptpbrnlrkhmjb ln tgb Sh`dsthm Sblpfbs Shrty-ilkdmhtbi

jdvdfdhm olvbrmkbmt. Bvbm dn tgb jdvdfdhm olvbrmkbmt ln

Sh`dsthm wbrb tl bsthefdsg h rbhslmhefy ibjbmt rbjlri ln

olli olvbrmhmjb, tgb Sh`dsthmd hrky stdff wlufi ghvb

rbkhdmbi hs h jgdbn tgrbht tl tgb flmo-tbrk prbvhfbmjb ln

jdvdfdhm jlmtrlf ln tgb olvbrmkbmt.

Nlr tgb ndrst tdkb sdmjb tgb umghppy gdstlry ln Sh`dsthm, tgb

jdvdfdhm olvbrmkbmt whs hfflwbi tl jlkpfbtb dts tbrk lnlnndjb. _dtg tgb mbxt obmbrhf bfbjtdlm tght ds sjgbiufbi nlr

Khy 538:, tgbrb ds h strlmo glpb tght jdvdfdhm rufb wdff prbvhdf

tgbrb nlr tgb nlrbsbbhefb nuturb.

Ztdff, lmb kust jlmtdmub tl tgdm` helut tgb whys tl idskhmtfb

tgb ohrrdslm sthtb dm tght jlumtry. Ygb jlmtdmuhtdlm ln

jdvdfdhm rufb dm Sh`dsthm wdff eb hm huspdjdlus ibvbflpkbmt

tlwhri tght bmi. Ygb sbjlmi lmb wdff eb tgb sujjbss ln

jdvdfdhm fbhibrs tl mboltdhtb wdtg tgbdr Dmidhm jlumtbrphrts h

plfdtdjhf slfutdlm tl tgb @hsgkdr jlmnfdjt, wgdjg, dm rbhfdty,

kbhms hjjbpthmjb ln tgb Dmidhm sthmi tght tgb Fdmb ln

Jlmtrlf ds, dmibbi, tgb ib nhjtl dmtbrmhtdlmhf elribr ebtwbbm

tgb twl whrrdmo mhtdlms. _ght tght kbhms ds tght Sh`dsthm

sglufi swhfflw tgb edttbr pdff hmi hjjbpt tght rbhfdty, hmi

fll` tlwhri mboltdhtdmo slkb slrt ln hutlmlky nlr @hsgkdr

hflmo tgb shkb fdmb, hs whs ilmb ey Obmbrhf Kusghrrhn wdtg

tgb Dmidhm olvbrmkbmt dm 533>.

Ygb jlmtrlf ln mujfbhr wbhplms ds hmltgbr dkplrthmt sykelf

ln plwbr dm Sh`dsthm. Glwbvbr, tght hutglrdty ds mlt fd`bfy tl

eb odvbm up ey tgb hrky hmytdkb sllm. Ztdff, lmb jhmmlt rufb

lut tgb fd`bfdglli tght tgb nuturb fbhibrs ln tght bmtdty kdogt

eb nlrjbi tl jlmsdibr tght plssdedfdty, dn lr wgbm tgb jdvdfdhm


78/102

hutglrdtdbs prlplsb hm dmstdtutdlmhf hrrhmobkbmt tght bdtgbr

jlkpfbkbmts tgb prbsbmt systbk ln mhtdlmhf sbjurdty jlumjdf,

lr rhidjhffy trhmsnlrks dt dm nhvlr ln jdvdfdhm fbhibrsgdp.

Hff ln tgbsb ibvbflpkbmts hrb fd`bfy tl ghppbm lmfy dn tgbmbxt bfbjtdlm dm Sh`dsthm rbsufts dm tgb bfbjtdlm ln h

jlkpbtbmt jlrps ln jdvdfdhm plfdtdjdhms. Sh`dsthm's hrky ghs

bmluog trluefb trydmo tl ib-Dsfhkdtdzb dts lwm rhm`s hmi tl

ndogt tgb kdfdthmt Dsfhkdsts orlups dmsdib dts elribrs wgdfb

bmsurdmo tght Sh`dsthm's qubst nlr susthdmdmo dts lwm vbrsdlm

ln strhtbodj phrdty wdtg Dmidh ds mlt sbrdlusfy ablphridzbi ey

"rdsdmo" Dmidh's klst vdsdefb rbslfvb tl ebjlkb h orbht plwbr

wdtg dts lwm plwbrnuf kdfdthry tl ellt.

Rmibr h ibkljrhtdj hmi sthefb Sh`dsthm, dt ds fd`bfy tl eb

pbrsuhibi tl trhmsnlrk dts rlfb nrlk h prhbtlrdhm ouhri tl h

trufy prlnbssdlmhf bmtdty. Yght wdff lmfy ghppbm dn tgb ohrrdslm

sthtb ln tght jlumtry ds ht fbhst phfphefy idskhmtfbi.

Bgshm Hgrhrd, SgI, hm Dmibpbmibmt Ibnbmsb Jlmsufthmt, ds h

spbjdhfdst dm orbht plwbr rbfhtdlms hmi trhmsmhtdlmhf sbjurdty

wgl rbsdibs dm Hfbxhmirdh, ^H, RZH. Gb ghs 53 ybhrs ln

bxpbrdbmjb tbhjgdmo dm vhrdlus sbmdlr kdfdthry biujhtdlmhf

dmstdtutdlms, dmjfuidmo tgb RZ Hdr _hr Jlffbob, Aldmt Nlrjbs

Zthnn Jlffbob ln tgb Mhtdlmhf Ibnbmsb Rmdvbrsdty, hmi tgb

Hsdh-Shjdndj Jbmtbr nlr Zbjurdty Ztuidbs. Gb ghs jlmsuftbi

wdtg hmi erdbnbi tlp lnndjdhfs ln RZJBMYJLK hmi RZSHJLK.

Gds fhtbst ell` lm orbht plwbr rbfhtdlms bmtdtfbi, Ygb Orbht

Slwbrs hmi tgb Gbobklm, whs puefdsgbi ey Shforhvb-

Khjkdffhm dm Mlvbkebr 5388.

Zpbh`dmo Nrbbfy ds hm Hsdh Ydkbs Lmfdmb nbhturb tght hfflws

oubst wrdtbrs tl ghvb tgbdr shy.Sfbhsb jfdj` gbrbdn ylu hrb

dmtbrbstbi dm jlmtrdeutdmo. Hrtdjfbs suekdttbi nlr tgds sbjtdlm

hfflw lur rbhibrs tl bxprbss tgbdr lpdmdlms hmi il mlt

mbjbsshrdfy kbbt tgb shkb bidtlrdhf sthmihris ln Hsdh Ydkbs

Lmfdmb's rboufhr jlmtrdeutlrs.
http://www.atimes.com/mediakit/write-for-atol.htmlhttp://www.atimes.com/mediakit/write-for-atol.htmlhttp://www.atimes.com/mediakit/write-for-atol.html


79/102

(Jlpyrdogt 538: Bgshm Hgrhrd)

Sh`dsthm1 Ygb Ohrrdslm Zthtb, Lrdodm, Bvlfutdlm,Jlmsbqubmjbj (849?-5388)
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hk7myHDP3s0/UPdzyUKJjmI/AAAAAAAA15w/sKuE3MFaBV0/s1600/121-713034.JPG


80/102
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6aimWDaJqoY/UPdzzwCFBrI/AAAAAAAA16A/cj-56uGzOI0/s1600/P1160162-718783.JPG


81/102

Ibhr Hff,

Fhst klmtg dm h klkbmt ln bxuebrhmjb D hmmlumjbi tgbpuefdjhtdlm ln ky mbw ell`. Yght whs wrlmo hs D ghi mltmltdjbi tght dt whs tgbm lm tgb nlrtgjlkdmo fdst. Dt ds mlw lmtgb mbw hrrdvhf fdst. YGB ELL@ DZ ML_ H NHJY hmi dshvhdfhefb ht LRS. Zllm dt sglufi eb hvhdfhefb lmfdmb

wlrfiwdib hs wbff.

Ebst rbohris,

DsgtdhqYgb wrdtbr ghs h SgI nrlk Ztlj`glfk Rmdvbrsdty. Gb ds hSrlnbsslr Bkbrdtus ln Slfdtdjhf Zjdbmjb, Ztlj`glfk Rmdvbrsdty.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-88X4oO3vro0/UPdz1CWNTQI/AAAAAAAA16Y/lsACb7b0Mmg/s1600/129-723958.JPG


82/102

Gb ds hfsl Glmlrhry Zbmdlr Nbfflw ln tgb Dmstdtutb ln ZlutgHsdhm Ztuidbs, Mhtdlmhf Rmdvbrsdty ln Zdmohplrb. Gds fhtbstpuefdjhtdlm ds1 Ygb Sumahe Efllidbi, Shrtdtdlmbi hmiJfbhmsbi1 Rmrhvbffdmo tgb 849? Yrhobiy tgrluog Zbjrbt

Erdtdsg Ubplrts hmi Ndrst-Sbrslm Hjjlumts (@hrhjgd1 LxnlriRmdvbrsdty Srbss, 53850 Mbw Ibfgd1 Uuph Ell`s, 5388). Gbjhm eb rbhjgbi ht1edffukdhmCokhdf.jlk


83/102

Ibsjrdptdlm

Ygds stuiy sbb`s tl slfvb tgb nlfflwdmo puzzfb1 Dm 849?, tgb Sh`dsthm kdfdthry whs pllrfy trhdmbi

hmi pllrfy hrkbi. Dt hfsl dmgbrdtbi gdogfy vufmbrhefb tbrrdtlry vds--vds tgb kujg edoobr Dmidh,

hoorhvhtbi ebjhusb ln sbrdlus idsputbs wdtg Hnoghmdsthm. Ibnbmjb hmi sbjurdty wbrb tgbrbnlrbdssubs tght ml Sh`dsthm olvbrmkbmt, jdvdf lr kdfdthry, jlufi domlrb. Ygb kdfdthry idi mlt th`b

phrt dm plfdtdjs idrbjtfy umtdf 8427, hftgluog dt whs jhffbi uplm tl rbstlrb lribr dm 842: dm tgb

Sumahe prlvdmjb. Lvbr tgb ybhrs, tgb kdfdthry, lr rhtgbr tgb Sh`dsthm Hrky, jlmtdmubi tl orlw dmplwbr hmi dmnfubmjb, hmi prlorbssdvbfy ebjhkb tgb klst plwbrnuf dmstdtutdlm. Klrblvbr, dt

ebjhkb hm dmstdtutdlm wdtg ib nhjtl vbtl plwbrs ht dts idsplshf tl lvbrrufb ltgbr hjtlrs wdtgdmsljdbty dmjfuidmo bfbjtbi olvbrmkbmts. Zdkufthmblusfy, dt ebohm tl hjqudrb nlrbdom phtrlms hmiilmlrs wdffdmo tl hrk dt hs phrt ln tgb Jlfi _hr jlkpbtdtdlm (tgb Rmdtbi Zthtbs), rbodlmhf

ehfhmjb-ln-plwbr jlmjbrms (Jgdmh), hmi diblflodjhf jlmtbsthmts nlr fbhibrsgdp lvbr tgb Kusfdk

wlrfi (Zhuid Hrhedh, tl jlmthdm Drhmdhm dmnfubmjb). H pbrbmmdhf jlmjbrm wdtg ibndmdmo tgb

Dsfhkdj dibmtdty ln Sh`dsthm, bxhjbrehtbi ey tgb Hnoghm adghi, rbsuftbi dm tgb jlmvbrobmjb lndmtbrmhf hmi bxtbrmhf nhjtlrs tl prliujb tgb 'nlrtrbss ln Dsfhk' sbfn-ibsjrdptdlm tght ebjhkb

jurrbmt dm tgb bhrfy twbmty-ndrst jbmtury. Lvbr tdkb, Sh`dsthm sujjukebi tl bxtrbkdsk hmi

tbrrlrdsk wdtgdm hmi whs hjjusbi ln ebdmo dmvlfvbi dm sdkdfhr hjtdvdtdbs wdtgdm tgb Zlutg Hsdhm

rbodlm hmi ebylmi. Zujg ibvbflpkbmts ghvb ebbm rudmlus tl Sh`dsthm's bjlmlkdj hmiibkljrhtdj ibvbflpkbmt. Ygb nlfflwdmo qubstdlms hrb plsbi tl sgbi nurtgbr fdogt1

8. _ght ds tgb rbfhtdlmsgdp ebtwbbm tgb dmtbrmhf hmi bxtbrmhf nhjtlrs dm bxpfhdmdmo tgb rdsb ln tgb

kdfdthry hs tgb klst plwbrnuf dmstdtutdlm dm Sh`dsthm

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