how does an airplane flight

7/30/2019 how does an airplane flight

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HOW DOES AN AIRPLANE

FLIGHT





Air

• Air is a physical substance which has weight. It

has molecules which are constantly moving.

Air pressure is created by the molecules

moving around. Moving air has a force that

will lift kites and balloons up and down.



Laws of Motion

• Sir Isaac Newton proposed three laws of motion in 1665.

These Laws of Motion help to explain how a planes flies.

• 1. If an object is not moving, it will not start moving by itself. If

an object is moving, it will not stop or change direction unless

something pushes it.

• 2. Objects will move farther and faster when they are pushed

harder.

• 3. When an object is pushed in one direction, there is always a

resistance of the same size in the opposite direction.



How Wings Lift the

Plane

Airplane wings are curvedon the top which make air

move faster over the top of

the wing. The air moves

faster over the top of a

wing. It moves slowerunderneath the wing. The

slow air pushes up from

below while the faster air

pushes down from the top.

This forces the wing to lift

up into the air.





Forces of Flight

Four Forces of FlightLift - upwardDrag - down and backward

Weight - downward

Thrust - forward



Controlling the Flight of a Plane

• To roll the plane to the right or left, the ailerons are raised on

one wing and lowered on the other. The wing with thelowered aileron rises while the wing with the raised ailerondrops.

•Pitch is to make a plane descend or climb. The pilot adjuststhe elevators on the tail to make a plane descend or climb.

Lowering the elevators caused the airplane's nose to drop,sending the plane into a down. Raising the elevators causesthe airplane to climb.

• Yaw is the turning of a plane. When the rudder is turned toone side, the airplane moves left or right. The airplane's nose

is pointed in the same direction as the direction of the rudder.The rudder and the ailerons are used together to make a turn



ROLL

• The ailerons raise and lower

the wings. The pilot controls

the roll of the plane byraising one aileron or the

other with a control wheel.

Turning the control wheel

clockwise raises the right

aileron and lowers the left

aileron, which rolls the

aircraft to the right.



PITCH

• The elevators which are on

the tail section are used tocontrol the pitch of the plane.

A pilot uses a control wheel toraise and lower the elevators,

by moving it forward to back

ward. Lowering the elevators

makes the plane nose go down

and allows the plane to godown. By raising the elevators

the pilot can make the plane

go up.



YAW

• The rudder works to controlthe yaw of the plane. Thepilot moves rudder left and

right, with left and rightpedals. Pressing the right

rudder pedal moves therudder to the right. This

yaws the aircraft to theright. Used together, therudder and the ailerons are

used to turn the plane.



Sound Barrier

• Sound is made up of molecules of air that

move. They push together and gathertogether to form sound waves . Sound waves

travel at the speed of about 750 mph at sealevel. When a plane travels the speed of sound the air waves gather together andcompress the air in front of the plane to keep

it from moving forward. This compressioncauses a shock wave to form in front of the

plane.









Regimes of Flight

Sometimes called speeds of flight,

each regime is a different level of flight speed.



General Aviation(100-

350 MPH)

Most of the early planes wereonly able to fly at this speed

level. Early engines were not

as powerful as they are today.

However, this regime is still

used today by smaller planes.

Examples of this regime arethe small crop dusters used by

farmers for their fields, two

and four seater passenger

planes, and seaplanes that

can land on water.





Subsonic (350-750 MPH)

This category contains most of the commercial jets that are

used today to move

passengers and cargo. The

speed is just below the speed

of sound. Engines today are

lighter and more powerfuland can travel quickly with

large loads of people or

goods.







Supersonic (760-3500 MPH

- Mach 1 - Mach 5)

760 MPH is the speed of sound. It is also called MACH

1. These planes can fly up to 5

times the speed of sound.

Planes in this regime have

specially designed high

performance engines. Theyare also designed with

lightweight materials to

provide less drag. The

Concorde is an example of

this regime of flight.



Hypersonic (3500-7000

MPH - Mach 5 to Mach 10)

Rockets travel at speeds 5 to 10times the speed of sound as they

go into orbit. An example of a

hypersonic vehicle is the X-15,

which is rocket powered. The

space shuttle is also an example

of this regime. New materials and

very powerful engines were

developed to handle this rate of

speed.





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