How do we move students on from translating sentences to paragraphs?

Lost in Translation?

• Y9, (2nd language, missing PE or ICT), 1 hour per week, CLC Book I

• Y10 Autumn and Spring terms, 2 hours per week, Book II, stages 13 – 20.

• Y10 Summer term, 1 hour Lang, 1 hour Lit. CLC Book III, start Set texts.

• Y11 Autumn, Spring and Summer terms, 1 hour Lang, 1 hour Lit. CLC Books III to complete plus selected Book IV.

Latin at The Westgate School

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1. coquus cenam parabat.

2. coquus laetus cenam parabat.

3. coquus laetus cenam optimam parabat.

4. coquus laetus cenam optimam in culina parabat.

5. coquus laetus cenam optimam Quinto in culina parabat.

6. coquus laetus cenam optimam Quinto et amicis in culina

parabat.

7. coquus laetus cenam optimam Quinto et amicis in culina

parabat, quod Quintus diem natalem celebrabat.

1. Growing sentences: (CLC Stage 9)

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mercator tunicas novas Metellae et ancillae in taberna ostendebat,

quod mater donum filio quaerebat. (14 marks)

in arena gladiatores optimi leones feroces facile superaverunt,

quod leones fessi erant et gladiatores non petebant. (16 marks)

2. Growing sentences, the challenge: give a mark for each word used correctly – builds the idea that every word needs to be accounted for in accurate translation.

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3. Thingummy whatsits At this stage pupils may have a good grasp of simple sentence structure, but stumble over vocabulary.

Sulla, postquam denarios accepit, titulum in muro scripsit.

Sulla, after he accepted a thingummy, wrote whatever in the doodah?

-it-erunt

perfectdid, completed action

Listen to the storyGive the signals when you hear imperfect or perfect tense endings

Imperfect – flowing wave, incomplete

Perfect – clap once, completed

4. Focus on endings: odd one out

-bat-bant

imperfect was/were doing, incomplete action

recitavitrecitabat

recitavirecitat

sedentspectabat

discesseruntagunt

recitoambulat

viditsedet

dicissum

eshabitas

5. Focus on endings: odd one out

puerservus

dominuspuellae

feminamiles

villampuer

actoressenes

gladiatorescanis

marenaves

navigabatnautae

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Choose an odd one out and give a reason.There may be more than one strong answer. Accept anything pupils can justify.Pupils then set their own challenge to partner/class.

6. Singular or plural subject? Activity: He/she or they?

• Mini w/boards, or devise a signal – fingers, arms, one pen, two pencils in the other…• Read phrases (or just verbs), class listen for ‘t’ or ‘nt’.• Pupils make up 3 challenges of their own.

1. per viam ambulant.2. in arena fortiter pugnavit.3. hostes barbaros superabat.4. ‘fessi sumus,’ dixerunt.5. in templo habitabat feles.6. epistolam matri scripserunt.7. magnos dentes canum timebant.8. territi erant.9. trans montes milites duxit. 10. cenam optimam consumpserant.

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7. Clauses

What is the difference between a Cicero speech and a pussycat?

Cicero has pauses at the end of his clauses ....

…if they understand clauses, they’re almost home and dry

because her fairy god-mother had special powers,

Try them in English first

who was more beautiful than her sisters,

in order to dazzle Prince Charming,

when she had done her nails, hair and lashes,

…went to the ball.

Cinderella,

(cum clause )

(purpose clause)

(relative clause)

(quod clause)

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(ablative absolute) a dress having been made by magic,

(postquam clause) after her fairy godmother appeared,

1. Hannibal milites in Galliam duxit.

2. Hannibal sexaginta milia militum in Galliam duxit.

3. Hannibal sexaginta milia militum, cum multis elephantis trans montes, in Galliam duxit.

4. Hannibal, postquam fratrem Hasdrubalem reliquit, sexaginta milia militum, cum multis elephantis trans montes, in Galliam duxit.

5. Hannibal, postquam fratrem Hasdrubalem reliquit ut Hispaniam defenderet, sexaginta milia militum, cum multis elephantis trans montes, in Galliam duxit.

WJEC May 2012 9521

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The slave having been praised,After the slave had been praised,After he had praised the slave,When the slave had been praised,

servo laudato, dominus e villa discessit. ..... the master left the house

canibus in via latrantibus, pueri in ludum festinaverunt.

villa antiqua vendita, servi villam novam purgaverunt.

urbe capta, milites omnes domos deleverunt.

cena a servis incensa, dominus in taberna cenavit.

Ablative Absolutes are difficult to phrase in English

8. Numbered text

etiam Pompeius, qui paucis antea annis amicus Caesaris fuerat, legatum a Caesare missum audire noluit. Caesar legiones suas ad flumen Rubiconem duxit; altera ripa fluminis in Italia iacebat. ibi manebat, cogitans quid facere deberet. dum in ripa sedet, subito homo ingens et pulcher ei appropinquavit, harundine canens. tam bene canebat ut mox multi milites festinarent ad eum audiendum. tum homo, tuba ab uno ex militibus rapta, in flumen descendit. classicum canens in alteram ripam transiit. Caesar suis imperavit ut signum deorum sequerentur.

etiam Pompeius, qui paucis antea annis amicus Caesaris

fuerat, legatum a Caesare missum audire noluit.

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Give pupils 2 minutes to copy and number their preferred translation order. Then they come to the board and add it. vero!

minime!

Sentence 1 Subject?Main verb?Ut clause – what kind of ‘ut’ is it?An extra detail about the subject?

Sentence 2 Scan the sentence to find a nominative - the subject?verb for that subject?object of the verb?quod clause with an easy main verb?reason for this? (linked to the main clause?)

Now translate the rest…

9. Analysis of text: read and pick out …

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Britannicus cum familia et amicis sedebat ut cenam consumeret. quod semper timebat ne aliquis se interficere conaretur, unus ex servis omnem cibum vinumque gustavit, priusquam Britannico data sunt.

After at first failing to kill Britannicus, Nero makes a successful second attempt.

Britannicus cum familia et amicis sedebat ut cenam consumeret. quod semper

timebat ne aliquis se interficere conaretur, unus ex servis omnem cibum

vinumque gustavit, priusquam Britannico data sunt. ubi poculum vini nimis

calidi, in quod nullum venenum positum erat, ei datum est, Britannicus iussit

servum aquam frigidam vino addere. in hac aqua fuit venenum, validius quam

antea; quod per totum corpus tam celeriter pervasit ut vox et spiritus statim

raperentur. omnes Neronem spectabant: Agrippina sola, quae filium suum

bene cognoverat, intellexit Britannicum iam mori.

venenum, veneni (n) poisonfrigidus, frigida, frigidum coldaddo, addere, addidi, additus I addvalidus, valida, validum strongpervado, pervadere, pervasi I spreadspiritus, spiritus (m) breath

Vocabularyfamilia, familiae (f) familygusto, gustare, gustavi, gustatus I tastepoculum, poculi (n) cupnimis toocalidus, calida, calidum hot

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• Give each pupil a copy of a short text. • They read alone, and may ask for I item of vocabulary per head

during this time.• Next get into groups and produce best possible translation in 10

minutes.• Swap versions, compare, write(they write) fair copy on the

board.

10. Collaboration: translation is ideal for group work

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duo viri, Aristomenes et Socrates nomine, per Graeciam forte iter faciebant. ubi

ad urbem venerunt, in taberna nocte manebant. in eodem cubiculo

dormiebant. subito media nocte, ianua cubiculi magna vi fracta, duae feminae

intraverunt. hae feminae sagae erant. ianua in lectum Aristomenis decidit;

Aristomenes ipse iam sub lecto se celavit. ille feminas Socrati appropinquantes

spectavit. altera facem, altera gladium portabat.

vis (abl. vi) (f) forcefracta (from frango) breaksaga, sagae (f) witch

lectus, lecti (m) bedalter … alter one … the other fax, facis (f) torch

Two travelling companions, Aristomenes and Socrates, were attacked in the

night by witches

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11. Drill 3rd person sing./plural of key verbs thoroughly:

‘What did they do?’

miseruntdederuntdixeruntduxeruntconstitueruntsustuleruntiter feceruntceperuntpotuerunt

‘What did he do?’

misitdeditdixitduxitconstituitsustulititer fecitcepitpotuit

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cape murem

maluitvenitadvenitrediitinterfecitvoluitprogressus estconatus estlocutus est

malueruntveneruntadveneruntredieruntinterfeceruntvolueruntprogressi suntconati suntlocuti sunt

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12. Vocabulary groups – no substitute for learning,

statim subito

tandemigitur

enim

simulac antequam

priusquam

cotidie

nisi

semper

tamen

1. amitto-ere-amisi-amissum : 2. mitto-ere-misi-missum :

5. constituo-ere-constitui-constitutum : 6. consisto-ere-constiti :

11. cogo-cogere-coegi-coactum : 12. cogito-cogitare-cogitavi-cogitatum :

3. debeo, debere, debui :4. do, dare, dedi, datus :

7. oppugno : 8. pugno :

9. reddo-reddere-reddidi-reditum : 10. redeo-redire-redii-reditum :

13. More practice with confusing pairs of verbs …

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Trips and traps …

1. amitto-ere-amisi-amissum : lose2. mitto-ere-misi-missum : send

3. debeo, debere, debui : must/owe 4. do, dare, dedi, datus : give

5. constituo-ere-constitui-constitutum : decide 6. consisto-ere-constiti : stop, halt

7. oppugno : attack 8. pugno : fight.

9. reddo-reddere-reddidi-reditum : give back 10. redeo-redire-redii-reditum : go back.

11. cogo-cogere-coegi-coactum : force12. cogito-cogitare-cogitavi-cogitatum : think.

1. adiuvo, are

2. amitto, ere

3. aperio, ire

4. aufero, erre

5. audio, ire

6. ago, ere

7. appareo, ere

8. advenio, ire

9. accuso, are

10. aperio, ire

1. help2. lose3. open4. steal, take away5. hear, listen6. act, do7. appear8. arrive9. accuse10.open

14. VILE VERBS

These all begin with A… AAAAhhh…

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Dixit se ad cognitionem certam pervenisse vires suas

ingravescente aetate non iam aptas esse ad munus

Petrinum aeque administrandum.

Inter Consistorium publicum die Lunae (11.2.)

in Palatio Apostolico Vaticano habitum, Papa

Benedictus XVI cardinalibus praesentibus

declaravit se ministerio Episcopi Romae,

Successoris Sancti Petri, renuntiare.

Benedictus XVI ministerio renuntiavit

15.Try something different

(9524-01)1. In this passage, Titus fights an inconclusive battle against the Jews.imperator Vespasianus filium suum, Titum nomine, Hierosolyma capere iussit. Iudaei enim, qui a Romanis desciverant, in hanc urbem convenerant. Titus igitur cum tribus legionibus ad urbem contendit. Iudaei contra eum profecti sunt, parati aut hostes vincere aut victi in urbem regredi. tandem Iudaei, quamquam acriter pugnaverunt, plurimis hominibus occisis, in urbem refugerunt. postridie, cum Iudaei iterum pugnare nollent, Romani ad urbem oppugnandam se verterunt.

NamesVespasianus, Vespasiani m. VespasianTitus, Titi m. TitusHierosolyma, Hierosolymorum n.pl. JerusalemIudaei, Iudaeorum m.pl. JewsWordsdescisco, desciscere, descivi, descitus I revolt, break away (from)

Titus, qui Romam quam celerrime redire cupiebat,

victoriam facilem sperabat. difficile tamen erat Romanis

urbem capere, quod ingentibus muris munita erat. Iudaei

urbem in tres partes diviserant ut eam defenderent.

duces Iudaeorum tamen inter se pugnare quam

Romanis resistere malebant. maxima parte frumenti

propter eorum neglegentiam deleta, cives mox fame

mori coeperunt. tot homines mortui sunt ut paucis diebus

viae plenae corporum essent.

ei qui adhuc vivebant, cum timerent ne a

Romanis in servitutem venderentur, portas

aperire nolebant. Romani, ubi tandem urbem

intraverunt, sescenta milia Iudaeorum

periisse cognoverunt.