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How do things get in and out?
The Cell Membrane
Plasma Membrane(aka Cell Membrane)
• Phosopholipid Bilayer
• Called the Fluid Mosaic Model
• Selectively Permeable
Selectively Permeable
If a membrane is selectively permeable only
certain things can pass through
The Cell Membrane is Selective:
• Things that pass through lipid layer: – Non-Polar Molecules (Alcohols, Steroids)
– Small Molecules (Water)
• Things that require protein channels: – Polar Molecules (Ions)
– Large Molecules
Active (requires ATP)
Passive (no ATP)
Types of Transport
Transport mediaMembrane Transport from Pearson
Transport across membranes from Bozeman
Northland college: complete cell membrane movements
Passive TransportMovement of
materials that DOES NOT require energy
(ATP)
Osmosis
Passive
Passive Transport
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
What is happening here???
DIFFUSIONThe passive movement
of material from an area of high concentration to
an area of low concentration
ConcentrationThe number of a
substance in a specific area
High Concentration
Low Concentration
Factors Affecting Diffusion• Concentration—diffusion always goes from
high concentration to low concetration
• Temperature—the higher the temperature, the faster diffusion occurs
• Molecular size—the bigger the molecule, the longer diffusion takes
• Mixing/shaking/stirring
OSMOSISThe diffusion of water through a selectively
permeable membrane
Osmosis—another look…
Osmotic Pressure
The force (pressure) of water on a cell membrane
Types of Solutions
Isotonic SolutionEqual concentratino on both sides of a embraneRESULT: No net movement of water in or out of the cell
Hypotonic Solution
When the side of a membrane has a lower solute concentration, or higher water concentration
Hypotonic SolutionRESULT: Water moves from the solution into the cell causing it to swell or break (lysis)
Hypertonic SolutionRESULT: The water moves out of the cell
into the solution, causing the cell to
shrink
Why doesn’t the plant cell undergo lysis?
WHITEBOARDINGIn your groups draw what the cells would look like in
each case.Effect of Osmosis on Cells
Animal Cell
Solution Before After
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Explain what is
happening in this
cartoon…
Facilitated Diffusion
Diffusion that is helped by proteins in
the membrane
Facillitated Diffusion
Diffusion vs. Facillitated Diffusion
MembraneMovements
Active
Cellular Transport
Ion Pumps
Endocytosis Exocytosis
Phagocytosis
Osmosis
Passive
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Pinocytosis Receptor-mediatedEndocytosis
Active TransportMovement of materials
from low concentration to high concentration using a
protein carrier that requires energy
(costs ATP)
What was ATP again???
Sodium-Potassium Pump
Active Transport
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
EndocytosisProcess of bringing
particles into a cell using extensions of the cellular
membrane
ExocytosisProcess of moving particles
out of a cell using extensions of the cellular
membrane (how wastes are excreted
from cells)
PinocytosisThe process of
membrane folding that enables cells to bring “water” into the cell
(a.k.a. cellular drinking)
PhagocytosisThe process of
membrane folding that enables cells to bring “food” into the cell
(a.k.a. cellular eating)