HOW DO COGNITIVE TEACHING STRATEGIES HELP STUDENTS LEARN?

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Advance Organizers

• advance organizers- Activities and techniques that orient students to the material before reading or class presentation

Analogies

• Analogies- Images, concepts, or narratives that compare a new information to information students already understand.

Elaboration

• Elaboration- The process of connection new material to information or ideas already in the learner’s mind

• “The gray-haired man carried the bottle.”• “The gray-haired man carried the bottle of hair

dye.”

Organizing Information

• Material that is well organized is much easier to learn and remember than material that is poorly organized

• Hierarchical organization, in which specific issues are grouped under more general topics, seams particularly helpful for student understanding

Using Questioning techniques

• Insertion of questions requiring students to stop from time to time to assess their own understanding of the material.

• Presenting questions before the introduction• Having students generate their own questions

Using Conceptual Models

• Conceptual model- or diagrams showing how elements of a process relate to one another

• Knowledge map- graphically shows the main concepts of a topic of study and the links between them