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How can a bill enhance student achievement in Minnesota?
Minnesota Minnesota Department of Education
829,184 kids in public K-12 schools 50.5% K-6 49.4% 7-12 13% receiving special education services 7% English language learners 31% qualify for free and reduced lunches
1881 schools 52,796 teachers 341 school districts
And school funding
Per Pupil Formula (Set by the Legislature)
x AMCPU (Adj. Marginal Cost Pupil Units) = $$ District Operating Funds
Pupil units: Kindergartners = .612 // Grades 1-3 = 1.115 // Grades 4-6 = 1.06 //
Grades 7-12 = 1.3
But Our Population is Changing
Tom Gillaspy, MN state demographer
378 2,374
12,904 11,912
-43,403
-15,835
-50000
-40000
-30000
-20000
-10000
0
10000
20000
Am Indian Asian Hispanic Black White Total
Ch
ang
e E
nro
llmen
t 20
00-0
1 to
200
4-05
Our E-16 population is more diverse Tom Gillaspy, MN state demographer
25.4
27.8
28.2
25.4
38.3
0 10 20 30 40 50
Black
Am Indian
Asian
Hispanic
White Not Hispanic
Median Age in Years
Change In Minnesota School Enrollments 1999-00 to 2004-05 By Language Spoken At Home
Tom Gillaspy, MN state demographer
-43,974
25,460
-18,514
-50000
-40000
-30000
-20000
-10000
0
10000
20000
30000
English Speaking
Total Non English
Total K-12 Students
Kids Count findings Children’s Defense Fund
Most recent data shows: The number children living in poverty in Minnesota
has climbed to the highest level of the decade 12% of children under 18 live in poverty that’s
152,000 kids 50% of these children are under age 5 20% of Asian children, 26% of Hispanic/Latino
children and 45% of African American children live in poverty
Only three states had higher poverty rates among Black children than Minnesota--Mississippi, Louisiana and Oklahoma
% of MN children rated “not yet” performing adequately at Kindergarten entrance Brookings Institute
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%0-$35,000
$35,001-$55,000
$55,001-$75,000
$75,001 ormore
Languageand literacy
Mathematical thinking
Special Education Requirements
The “Individuals with Disabilities Education Act” (IDEA) 1975 brought over 1 million children who were previously kept at home or in institutions into the public school system.
And mandates have increased • No Child Left Behind • Proficiency Testing• Grad Standards• Special Education mandates• Transportation• English Language Learning• Health and Safety mandates• Physical Education• HIV/AIDS Sex Education• Drug/Alcohol Abuse Education• Bus Safety• Title 1 Programs
But the funding?
History of the per pupil formula
$3,000
$3,500
$4,000
$4,500
$5,000
$5,500
$6,000
92-93 95-96 98-99 01-02 04-05
3Line 34Linear (Line 34)Linear (Line 34)Linear (Line 34)
School Year Formula
Allowance General Increase
Actual Roll-ins
Actual "New" Dollar Amount
"Perceived" Percent Change
"Real" Percent Change
1991-1992 $3,0501992-1993 $3,050 $0 0 0.00% 0.00%1993-1994 $3,050 $0 0 0.00% 0.00%1994-1995 $3,150 $100 $100 0 3.17% 0.00%1995-1996 $3,205 $55 55 1.72% 1.72%1996-1997 $3,505 $300 $300 0 8.56% 0.00%1997-1998 $3,581 $76 76 2.12% 2.12%1998-1999 $3,530 $79 $130 -51 2.24% -1.44%1999-2000 $3,740 $210 $43 167 5.61% 4.47%2000-2001 $3,964 $224 $67 118 5.65% 2.98%2001-2002 $4,068 $104 104 2.56% 2.56%2002-2003 $4,601 $533 $429 118 11.58% 2.56%2003-2004 $4,601 $0 0 0.00% 0.00%2004-2005 $4,601 $0 0 0.00% 0.00%2005-2006 $4,785 $184 184 4.00% 4.00%2006-2007 $4,976 $191 191 4.00% 4.00%2007-2008 $5,075 $99 99 2.00% 2.00%
2008-09 $5,124 $49 49 1.00% 1.00%
Average 3.19% 1.53%
CPI Average ~3.00
So how does HF 4178 address these needs
An adequate formula, linked to inflation, using targeted dollars for special student and district needs, reduces or eliminates a district’s need to use general education dollars to buy special services AND allows for local levies to be used for local initiatives.Provides early learning, rigor, an extra boost and infrastructure!
HOW?
Sets the basic per pupil formula high enough to cover students basic instructional needs while other component formulas can be used for specific additional needs Increases the per pupil formula allowance from $5175
to $7500. All students count as 1.0
Currently we weight Pupil units: Kindergartners = .612 Grades 1-3 = 1.115 Grades 4-6 = 1.06Grades 7-12 = 1.3
Ties the per pupil formula to inflation using the Implicit Price Deflator
Provides for early learning
Dependable funding for: All Day K or early childhood Early intervention programs
Provides for academic rigor
Academically rigorous coursework Lower class size Directed funds for innovation,
career and technical education and gifted and talented programs so districts can provide a level of funding for students in each of these areas
Provides that “extra boost”
Links ELL to the formula, lifts the cap and increases the reimbursement (20% of the formula allowance)
An additional $2500 (33% of the formula) for children who qualify for Free and reduced lunch
Funding for students to spend more time in school—ie summer school
Fully funds the state’s formula for special education costs
Provides infrastructure
So that buildings and buses support learning, not compete with it HF 4178 provides transportation dollars and dollars to maintain school district buildings.
Creates hazardous pupil transportation aid and 5% of district total transportation budget for bus purchase
All school boards may levy for cost of deferred maintenance
Has a mechanism to help districts deal with declining enrollment
Provides funding for regional cost differences
Sparsity funding for our more rural areas remains essentially the same as it is today but decreases minimum sparsity distance from 19 to 15 miles.
For our kids to succeed—all four legs of the table are critical!
Early learning, rigor, that extra boost and infrastructure!
Missing from the bill
A provision for the state to carry the high cost on low incidence special education students
Specific provision for technology
Discussion of use of local referenda
But can we afford to pay for it?
A Smart InvestmentA Constitutional mandate
Section 1.”UNIFORM SYSTEM OF PUBLIC
SCHOOLS. The stability of a republican form of government depending mainly upon the intelligence of the people, it is the duty of the legislature to establish a general and uniform system of public schools. The legislature shall make such provisions by taxation or otherwise as will secure a thorough and efficient system of public schools throughout the state.”
Minnesota Future Labor Force
Tom Gillaspy
0
150000
300000
450000
600000
1970-80 1980-90 1990-00 2000-10 2010-20 2020-30
Net Labor Force Growth
By 2020 65+ is Larger than K-12By 2030 65+ Doubles Tom Gillaspy
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
18-24
65+
5-17
The 15,000 students that did not graduate from Minnesota high schools in 2008 cost Minnesota
Alliance for Education Excellence
nearly $4 billion in lost lifetime earnings $224 million in lifetime health care costs The loss of $829 million more in
accumulated wealth than if all heads of households had graduated
a combination of savings and revenue of more than $77 million in reduced crime spending and increased earnings if the male high school graduation rate increase by just 5%
But we are already the state with the highest taxes!
Minnesota’s Tax RankingsMinnesota Budget Project
Minnesota ‘s Total State and Local Taxes Ranking, as a Percentage of Income
1980 8th
1990 7th
1995 5th
2000 8th
2005 19th
2006 19th
And our Price of Government?
Data: Minnesota Department of Finance
The Price of Government is the State of Minnesota’s official measure and is factored as total state and local revenue as a percentage of personal income.
And school funding?
Minnesota’s ranking in the nation for total public education spending as a percent of personal income.
1987 14th
1992 25th
1997 21st
2002 39th
2003 41st
2004 40th
2005 42nd
2006 41st
• Continued prosperity with slower labor force growth means increased productivity
• Increased productivity requires increased education and training
• Disparities in Minnesota education are large and growing
• Lowest attainment is in the very groups that are growing
“State Education and Minnesota Demographic Change” Tom Gillaspy
Can we afford NOT to pay for it?
Minnesota Future Labor Force
Tom Gillaspy
0
150000
300000
450000
600000
1970-80 1980-90 1990-00 2000-10 2010-20 2020-30
Net Labor Force Growth