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How Atoms Combine (7.3)

How Atoms Combine (7.3). Atoms combine to become more ________. The most stable elements in the periodic table are the ___________________ because they

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Page 1: How Atoms Combine (7.3). Atoms combine to become more ________. The most stable elements in the periodic table are the ___________________ because they

How Atoms Combine (7.3)

Page 2: How Atoms Combine (7.3). Atoms combine to become more ________. The most stable elements in the periodic table are the ___________________ because they

• Atoms combine to become more ________.

• The most stable elements in the periodic table are the ___________________ because they have the maximum number of _____________ in their outermost orbits. (they have _____ valence electrons)

• There are 3 ways in which an atom that does not have a full valence shell can fill it:

1. it can __________ electrons,2. it can __________ electrons,3. it can __________ electrons.

All 3 methods result in the formation of a chemical ___________. A chemical bond is the attraction between 2 _________.

gainlose

share

atoms

stable

electrons8

Noble gases

bond

Ionic bond

covalent bond

Page 3: How Atoms Combine (7.3). Atoms combine to become more ________. The most stable elements in the periodic table are the ___________________ because they

IONIC COMPOUNDS(metals & non-metals)

Page 4: How Atoms Combine (7.3). Atoms combine to become more ________. The most stable elements in the periodic table are the ___________________ because they

IONIC BONDINGIonic bonds are formed between __________ elements and _____________ elements. Circle the compounds below that contain ionic bonds.

KCl H2O O2 MgO Na2S NH3 Cl2

Ionic bonds are formed by the attraction of 2 ____________ charged ions (an ion is a _________ particle).

metalnon-metal

oppositely charged

Page 5: How Atoms Combine (7.3). Atoms combine to become more ________. The most stable elements in the periodic table are the ___________________ because they

11 17

Example 1: Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl)

Na Cl+ -

IONIC COMPOUNDS

Page 6: How Atoms Combine (7.3). Atoms combine to become more ________. The most stable elements in the periodic table are the ___________________ because they

IONIC BONDINGExample 1: Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl)

• the sodium atom its outermost electron to chlorine so that both atoms get a full outer shell (and become ___________). Sodium has lost an electron and now has a _____________ charge, while chlorine has gained an electron and now has a _____________charge.

• ______________ charged atoms ___________, forming

an _____________ bond.

loses

stablepositive

negative

oppositely attract

ionic

Page 7: How Atoms Combine (7.3). Atoms combine to become more ________. The most stable elements in the periodic table are the ___________________ because they

IONIC BONDING

12

Example 2: Magnesium (Mg) and Fluorine (F)

Mg

F9

9 F

+-

-

+

Page 8: How Atoms Combine (7.3). Atoms combine to become more ________. The most stable elements in the periodic table are the ___________________ because they

IONIC BONDINGExample 2: Magnesium (Mg) and Fluorine (F)

• Magnesium needs to lose electrons. Fluorine needs

to gain electron. Magnesium can only lose two

electrons if it reacts with fluorine atoms.

• The formula for this compound is ___________

2

1

2

MgF2

Page 9: How Atoms Combine (7.3). Atoms combine to become more ________. The most stable elements in the periodic table are the ___________________ because they
Page 10: How Atoms Combine (7.3). Atoms combine to become more ________. The most stable elements in the periodic table are the ___________________ because they

Molecules & Covalent Bonding

Page 11: How Atoms Combine (7.3). Atoms combine to become more ________. The most stable elements in the periodic table are the ___________________ because they

Molecules & Covalent Bonding

• Covalent bonds are formed from ____________ elements.

• Unlike ionic bonds that are formed from ions that have ______ or ________ electrons, covalent bonds are formed from atoms that _______ electrons.

• The attraction of 2 atoms for the shared pair of electrons results in a __________ bond.

• Two or more atoms joined by covalent bonds form a __________.

non-metal

lost gainedshare

covalent

molecule

Page 12: How Atoms Combine (7.3). Atoms combine to become more ________. The most stable elements in the periodic table are the ___________________ because they

Molecules & Covalent Bonding

Example #1: Hydrogen MoleculeThe hydrogen molecule consists of 2 hydrogen atoms. Each hydrogen atom has _____ valence electron. If each atom shares its electron with the other atom, then each atom has _____ electrons in their outer shell (1st shell). The shell is now full and the atoms (and molecule) are ______________.

1

2

stable

Page 13: How Atoms Combine (7.3). Atoms combine to become more ________. The most stable elements in the periodic table are the ___________________ because they

The formula for a hydrogen molecule is .

Molecules & Covalent Bonding

H2

Bohr-Rutherford diagrams:

Electron Dot diagrams:

H H H H

Page 14: How Atoms Combine (7.3). Atoms combine to become more ________. The most stable elements in the periodic table are the ___________________ because they

Molecules & Covalent Bonding

Example #2: Hydrogen and ChlorineHydrogen and chlorine each need more electron in order to have a full shell. They do this by one pair of .

Electron Dot diagrams:

H Cl H Cl

The formula for the compound with hydrogen and chlorine is .

1

sharing electrons

HCl

Page 15: How Atoms Combine (7.3). Atoms combine to become more ________. The most stable elements in the periodic table are the ___________________ because they

Example #3: Hydrogen and Oxygen

Hydrogen needs more electron in order to have a full outer shell. Oxygen needs ____ more electrons to have a full outer shell. Oxygen can get a full shell if it shares its 2 unpaired electrons with hydrogen atoms. This also gives each hydrogen atom a full outer shell.

Molecules & Covalent Bonding

12

2

Page 16: How Atoms Combine (7.3). Atoms combine to become more ________. The most stable elements in the periodic table are the ___________________ because they

Molecules & Covalent Bonding

Electron Dot diagrams:

HO O H

H H

The formula for the compound with hydrogen and oxygen is . This compound is known as ________.

H2Owater

Page 17: How Atoms Combine (7.3). Atoms combine to become more ________. The most stable elements in the periodic table are the ___________________ because they

Molecules & Covalent Bonding

NOTE: When drawing electron dot diagrams for a molecule, use the stable octet rule. With the exception of hydrogen, each atom of the molecule should have 8 electrons (dots) surrounding it (including shared electrons).

Page 18: How Atoms Combine (7.3). Atoms combine to become more ________. The most stable elements in the periodic table are the ___________________ because they

IonicCompounds

Molecular (Covalent)Compounds

Type of Bonds ionic covalent

Types of Elements involved metals & non-metals non-metals only

State at 20C solid solids, liquids, gases

Forces between Ions or Molecules very strong weak

Melting & Boiling Points high relatively low

Solubility in Water soluble many are not soluble

Conducts Electricity?solid – no

liquids – yesdissolved in water - yes

no

ExamplesNaCl (salt)

CaOAgNO3

H2

H2OCCl4


IPC Notes Types of Bonds. Remember… Atoms combine by gaining, losing or sharing electrons in order to become chemically stable. Atoms become chemically

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