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How are worms different?. 3 KINDS OF WORMS. Some free living and some parasites in every group. ALL WORMS ARE:. INVERTEBRATES no backbone PROTOSTOMES blastopore becomes MOUTH. COELOMS: Flatworms = acoelomates Round worms = Pseudocoelomates Segmented worms = Eucoelomates. FLATWORMS. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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How are worms different?
3 KINDS OF WORMS
Some free living and some parasites in every group
ALL WORMS ARE:INVERTEBRATES no backbone
PROTOSTOMESblastopore becomes MOUTH
COELOMS: Flatworms = acoelomates
Round worms = Pseudocoelomates
Segmented worms = Eucoelomates
FLATWORMSPLANARIA
TAPEWORMS
FLUKES
FLATWORMSPlanaria
(Cross-eyed worms)
RESPIRATORY Breathe through their skin
DIGESTIVE/CIRCULATORY Gastrovascular cavity with 1 opening
NERVOUS 2 cerebral ganglia/2 nerve cords
EXCRETORY Flame cells remove nitrogen waste
through skin
MOUTH in middle on VENTRAL SURFACE
REPRODUCTIONSEXUAL- HERMAPHRODITES
but trade sperm with a partner
ASEXUAL- can use regeneration to grow a new organism
from parts
FLATWORMSPLANARIA
• Free living• Digestive cavity with one opening/mouth in middle of
body• Open circulatory system (shared Gastrovascular cavity)• Flame cells for excreting nitrogen waste
and excess water• Cephalization-Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords• Hermaphrodites with sexual reproduction
(Can also do asexual reproduction using regeneration)• Eye spots sense light and dark• NO tegument or cuticle
FLATWORMSFLUKES
PARASITIC
Covered by TEGUMENT(made of fused cells) for protection from host immune system
MOUTH at anterior endNOT middle of body
SUCKERS (anterior and ventral) help it hold on and suck blood
DIGESTIVE/CIRCULATORY
shared GASTROVASCULAR cavity similar to Planaria
NERVOUS CEPHALIZATION Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords
No eyes
EXCRETORY Flame cells remove nitrogen waste &
regulate water
FLUKESREPRODUCTIVE Most hermaphrodites Few have separate sexes
(EX: Blood fluke-Schistosoma)
Complicated life cycle with 2 hostsEX: Blood fluke-Schistosoma
Adults live in human Larva live in snails
FLATWORMSFLUKES
• Gastrovascular cavity with one opening /mouth at anterior end• Open circulatory system (shared with Gastrovascular cavity)• Flame cells for excreting nitrogen waste
and excess water• Breathe through skin• Cephalization –2 Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords• Hermaphrodites with sexual reproduction• NO Eyes• Parasitic with 2 suckers (anterior & ventral) for attaching to host• Requires 2 hosts to complete life cycle• TEGUMENT for protection from host immune system
FLATWORMSTAPEWORMS
DIGESTIVENo mouth or digestive organs Absorbs nutrients through its tegument
EXCRETORYFlame cells remove nitrogen waste
NERVOUS2 cerebral ganglia/ 2 nerve cordsCephalizationNo eyes
TEGUMENT (made of fused cells) protects from host digestive enzymes and immune system
SCOLEX with hooks and suckers at anterior end to help worm attach and hold on
TAPEWORMSREPRODUCTIVE• Hermaphrodites-
can fertilize self or trade sperm with other worms
• Grow by adding PROGLOTTIDSwhich contain both male and female reproductive organs
30 foot worm can have 2000 proglottids
REPRODUCTIONCOMPLICATED LIFE CYCLES
need 2 hosts to complete life cycle
EX: BEEF TAPEWORM Adults feed and reproduce in humans
larva make cysts in cow
FLATWORMSTAPEWORMS
• NO MOUTH or ANUS or digestive systemnutrients absorbed through tegument
• Breathe through skin• Flame cells for excreting nitrogen waste• 2 Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords
No Eyes• Parasitic
with hooks & suckers (scolex) for attachment in host• Tegument for protection from host immune system and digestive
juices• Hermaphrodites with sexual reproduction
Use PROGLOTTIDS to reproduce Complicated life cycle with 2 hosts
3 KINDS OF WORMS
ALL FLAT WORMSDigestive system with less than 2 openings (one or none)• Open circulatory system • Breathe through skin• FLAME CELLS for excreting nitrogen waste and
excess water• Cephalization –2 Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords• Most HERMAPHRODITES with sexual reproduction• If parasites need 2 different hosts to complete life cycle• NO CUTICLE for protection
(Has TEGUMENT or NOTHING)
ROUND WORMSAscaris
TrichinellaHookwormsPinworms
Filarial wormsSoy bean cyst
DIGESTIVEComplete disgestive system with MOUTH and ANUS
Parasitic ones have biting mouth partsto hang onto host
NERVOUS CEPHALIZATION Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords
No eyes
EXCRETORY Nephridia remove nitrogen waste
INTEGUMENTARY Covered with non-cellular CUTICLE for
protection
RESPIRATORY exchange gases through skin
CIRCULATORY Open circulation like flatworms
REPRODUCTIVE SEPARATE SEXES (males & females)
Life cycle does NOT require 2 different hosts
ROUND WORMS• Complete digestive system with 2 openings• Open circulatory system • Breathe through skin• Nephridia for excreting nitrogen waste and excess water• Cephalization –2 Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords/ NO Eyes• SEPARATE SEXES with sexual reproduction• Parasites have teeth but NO suckers for attaching to host• DO NOT Require 2 different hosts to complete life cycle• CUTICLE for protection from host immune system
SEGMENTED WORMSEarthworms Leeches
NERVOUS CEPHALIZATION Cerebral ganglia with 1 nerve cord
No eyes
EXCRETORY Nephridia remove nitrogen waste
INTEGUMENTARY Covered with non-cellular CUTICLE for
protection
RESPIRATORY exchange gases through skin
SEGMENTED WORMSCIRCULATORY CLOSED circulation (blood in vessels)
REPRODUCTIVE HERMAPHRODITES- exchange sperm with partner
SEGMENTED WORMS• Complete digestive system with 2 openings• CLOSED circulatory system • Breathe through skin• Nephridia for excreting nitrogen waste • Cephalization –2 Cerebral ganglia with 1 nerve cord
NO Eyes• HERMAPHRODITES with sexual reproduction• Parasites have suckers for attaching to host• DO NOT Require 2 different hosts to complete life
cycle• CUTICLE for protection