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7/31/2019 How Animals Feed
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How animals feed
Components of Diet
Balanced Diet
Diseases associated with nutrition
Digestion in Humans
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Introduction
Taking in food is called feeding or nutrition
Food which you eat everyday is called Diet
Food helps the body to make new parts,repair old parts and to release energy
Difference in Plant and animal nutrition
Components of Diet are
Carbohydrates,Proteins, Fats, vitamins, minerals (inorganic
ions), water and roughage.
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Carbohydrates energy givers
Starch and sugar are carbohydrates
These molecules contain elements Carbon(C),Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O)atoms
Hydrogen atoms are two times more than the othertwo
Simple and complex carbohydrates
Glucose simple sugar, monosaccharide, has 6 Catoms, 12 H atoms, 6 O atoms arranged in ring
shaped molecule which are small and taste sweet C6H12O6 Molecular formula
1 gm of carbohydrate releases 17KJ of energy
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Glucose
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Sucrose - Disaccharide
2 simple sugars joined together
Examples are sucrose, maltose
Soluble and taste sweet STARCH POLYSACCHARIDE
Contains 1000s of simple sugars joined
together Plant cell wall contains cellulose starch
Insoluble and do not taste sweet
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Proteins
Are made of amino acids single units
Contain elements C, H, O and nitrogen (N), small
amounts of sulphur (S)
There are 20 different types of a.a
The order of a.a is very precise in ever protein
A.a are essential and non essential
Some proteins are soluble
haemoglobin-redpigment in blood
Some insoluble keratin Hair & fingernails
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Proteins are made of aminoacids
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Proteins
Used for growth and repair
Cell membranes and cytoplasm contain a lot
of proteins
They are also needed to make antibodies
They fight bacteria and viruses
Enzymes are proteins
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Fats or Lipids
Contain fatty acid and glycerol
Contain only 3 elements C, H, O
One fat molecule is made of 3 fatty acid chains and 1 glycerol
Fats are used to release energy in a cell
1 gm of fat gives 39KJ of energy, twice that of carbohydrate orprotein
So it is an energy storing molecule
Cells under skin called adipose tissue contain oils or fats helpto keep the body warm and maintains temperature, also insulates
Seal, whales have thick layers of adipose tissue
called blubber
Insoluble in water
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Fats/Lipids Fatty acid andglycerol
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Vitamins and minerals
Vitamins are organic substances needed in verysmall amounts
If not found in the body will lead to deficiencydisease
Minerals
inorganic ions Water Chemical reactions metabolism
Will happen only when dissolved in water
No water
cells dry
no reactions
cell dies Transport around the body only in dissolved
condition
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Roughage
Fibre
Matter which cannot be digested
Egested out Helps the alimentary canal to function well
Aids the peristaltic movement of muscles
E.g. plant products
humans cannot digestlignin or cellulose
Prevents constipation