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Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 1
2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015
Jean R. Natter
2015
HOUSEHOLD ARTHROPODS
OVERVIEW
Guidelines & Principles
Groups of pests
Public health pests
Nuisance
Household
Structural pests
2
MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES
Define the problem
Damage?
Critter(s)?
ID the critter
Pest?
Dangerous? (people, pets, or structures?)
Did it just stumble indoors?
Appropriate management
3
DETERMINE MANAGEMENT
Eradicate?
Control?
Manage?
Tolerate?
Verify: PNW Insect Management Handbook
4
CAPTURE THE CRITTER
(Common Sense Pest Control)
5
RECOMMENDATIONS
Research-based management
EPA says:
Pest control materials
must be labeled for that purpose
* * * * * * * * * *
No home remedies
6
Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 2
2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015
Blood feeders
PUBLIC HEALTH PESTS
7
PUBLIC HEALTH: BED BUGS
3/16”
Broadly flat, oval
Cracks, crevices, & seams
Eggs glued in place
Bites w/o pain
Odor: sweet; acrid
Bed Bugs (FS070E)
(J. R. Natter)
(naturephoto.cz.com)
8
(Bed Bugs; WSU; FS070E)
MANAGEMENT: BED BUGS
(NY Times)
Key Points
Mattress: Encase or
heat Rx
Launder bedding,
clothes – hot!
Pest control
company
9
PUBLIC HEALTH: MOSQUITOES
(L & R: University of Missouri; gambusia Stamford University)
10
MANAGEMENT: MOSQUITOES
Key Points
Source reduction
Personal protection
Mosquito fish (Gambusia), if legal
Rx for larvae: Bti
(Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis)
11
PUBLIC HEALTH: FLEAS
Adults on animal
Eggs drop off
Larvae ½”
w/tan head
Larvae eat debris
Pupa “waits”
Nest parasites
(University of Illinois)
12
Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 3
2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015
MANAGEMENT: FLEAS
Key Points
3-step program
1. Vacuum often
2. Insect growth regulator (IGR)
on carpet & pet’s “nest”
3. Treat the pet
Comb
Apply IGR
Bombs & foggers ineffective
13
PUBLIC HEALTH: TICKS Rocky Mountain wood tick
Dermacentor species
East of Cascades
Immatures feed mostly on rodents
Adults feed on large mammals (Ken Gray Photos, OSU)
14
PUBLIC HEALTH: TICKS Western blacklegged tick
Ixodes pacificus
Western WA, OR, CA
Woodland margins
Only vector of Lyme disease in Oregon
Low transmission
(Ken Gray Photos, OSU)
(Ken Gray Photos, OSU)
15
MANAGEMENT: TICKS
Key Points
Sensible clothes
Insect repellent (DEET most effective)
Daily inspections
Remove ticks ASAP
Clean the area (soap & water)
No Vaseline; no cigarette
16
Potential stinging pests
PUBLIC HEALTH PESTS
17
PUBLIC HEALTH: BALD-FACED HORNET
Annual colony
Nest: aerial
Beneficial insects
Pesticides a last
resort
(Ken Gray Photos, OSU)
18
Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 4
2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015
PUBLIC HEALTH: YELLOWJACKET
Annual colony
Nest: ground
or aerial
or wall/ceiling void
Beneficial insects
Pesticides a last
resort
(LordV Flickr)
19
PUBLIC HEALTH: YELLOWJACKET
(J. R. Natter)
20
PUBLIC HEALTH: YELLOWJACKET
(J. R. Natter)
21
(C. E. Natter)
PUBLIC HEALTH: STINGING WASP
22
(A. Bradeich)
(A. Bradeich)
PUBLIC HEALTH: YELLOWJACKET
23
(J. R. Natter)
(http://cru.cahe.wsu.edu/cepublications/eb0643/eb0643.pdf)
MANAGEMENT: STINGING WASP
Key Points Tolerate if possible
Don’t annoy
Don’t cross flight path
Pheromone traps of limited value
If control required
Long-distance aerosol at night
Or hire a professional
24
Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 5
2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015
SELDOM STING: BUMBLE BEES
(Ken Gray Photos, OSU)
Bombus morrisoni B. fervidus
B.melanopygus; a red tail bee
(Ken Gray Photos, OSU)
(Ken Gray Photos, OSU)
25
SELDOM STING: PAPER WASPS
(Wikipedia http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Polistes_fuscatus.jpg)
26
(Assurance Home Inspections))
PAPER WASP: POLISTES DOMINULA
27
(Gerry Wegner)
Yellowjackets
Bald-faced hornets
Paper wasps
Bumble bees
Honey bees
KEY POINTS: WASPS & BEES
annual colony
long-lived colony
28
Spiders
PUBLIC HEALTH PESTS
29
Bites seldom succeed
PUBLIC HEALTH: SPIDERS
Black widow
(Latrodectus hesperus)
Hobo spider
(Tegenaria agrestis)
30
Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 6
2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015
PUBLIC HEALTH: SPIDERS Western black widow
About ¾”
Glossy black
Red “hourglass”
Shy and reclusive
Dark places
Don’t run on ground
Uncommon western OR
(American Tarantula Society )
(P. Bryant; UCI;)
31
PUBLIC HEALTH: SPIDERS Widow look-a-likes
false widow Steatoda species
(Peter J. DeVries, Madison, WI)
(Groundwater Biology)
32
PUBLIC HEALTH: HOBO SPIDER
Tegenaria agrestis
To 1 ¾”
“Funnel web” spider
Moves rapidly
1st in NW: 1930; Seattle
33
PUBLIC HEALTH: FUNNEL WEB
34
(University of Michigan Museum)
PUBLIC HEALTH: HOBO SPIDER
Differentiate among
look-a-likes
domestic hobo giant
dor
sum
ve
ntru
m
(Adapted from Biology and Medical Importance of the Aggressive House Spider, Tegenaria agrestis, in the Pacific Northwest)
verify ID of sexual characters
(PLS 116)
35
PUBLIC HEALTH: HOBO SPIDER
36
hobo giant domestic
(PLS 116: How to Identify the Hobo Spider)
Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 7
2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015
HOBO SPIDER VS. BROWN RECLUSE
brown recluse
other recluse
hobo
(hobospider.org)
37
MANAGEMENT: SPIDERS
Key Points
Take care
Look before you reach
Teach children: “Don’t touch”
Screen & seal
Sticky traps
Pesticides a last resort
If so, Pest Control Operator apply
a perimeter spray in late June 38
Box elder bugs
Lady beetles
BMSB
NUISANCE PESTS
39
NUISANCE: BOX ELDER BUG
Boisea rubrolineata
About 1/2”
Gray w/red marks
Fall & winter: Cluster on
exterior wall
Move indoors
Don’t breed indoors
Pesticides of little value (bugguide.net Barry Grivett)
40
NUISANCE: ASIAN LADY BEETLES
Harmonia axyridis
On S or W wall
Move indoors
Might bite
Stain
Beneficial outdoors,
nuisance indoors
(http://www.entmart.be)
(http://www.entmart.be)
41
NUISANCE: BMSB
Brown marmorated stink bug
Antennae: white bands
1st instar: bright color
Ventrum “dirty”
Emerging pest of fruits, veggies, etc.
42 (Images: J.R. Natter) (Images: J.R. Natter)
Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 8
2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015
NUISANCE: SPIDERS
43
giant house spider
(J.R. Natter)
crab spider
(J.R. Natter)
2 ¾
”
banded alder borer
NUISANCE: BORERS
From downed trees
Won’t infest structure
pine sawyer
( C. DeWolfe;)
(Ken Gray Photos, OSU)
44
oak cordwood borer
Xylotrechus sp.
NUISANCE: BORERS
From firewood
Visit flowers
Won’t infest house
(Ken Gray Photos, OSU)
longhorn flower beetle
Leptura (Ken Gray Photos, OSU)
45
MANAGEMENT: NUISANCE PESTS
Key Points
Remove food, if any
Block access
Screens; caulk;
copper “wool”
Remove them
46
POTENTIAL DANGER IN FIREWOOD
47
Don’t spread pests in firewood
Buy it where you burn it! Pantry pests
HOUSEHOLD PESTS
48
Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 9
2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015
PANTRY PESTS: FLOUR MOTHS
Adults about 1/4”
Fly daytime
Active year-round
Indian meal moth most common
Larvae = ½” “worms”
Crawl up wall
Pupate at ceiling
49
PANTRY PESTS: INDIAN MEAL MOTH
webbing from larva
(Ken Gray Photos, OSU;)
(UC Davis)
(Ken Gray Photos, OSU;)
50
PANTRY PESTS: DRUGSTORE BEETLE
To 1/10”
Medium brown
Diet: food, spices,
wool, leather,
books, seeds,
dog food, &
more
(Illustrations: PCT Technician’s Handbook)
51 (Ken Gray Photos, OSU;)
(J.R. Natter)
PANTRY PESTS
Key points
If it’s in food & moving,
it’s a pantry pest!
Management is the same for all kinds:
Locate & destroy
52
MANAGEMENT: PANTRY PESTS
Key Points Locate & destroy
Pheromone traps
Many potential foods
Cereals, seeds, nuts, grains, flour
Bulk or packaged
Birdseed; pet food
Craft stuff & more
( TAMU)
(TAMU)
53
odorous house ant
HOUSEHOLD: ANTS
(UCDavis IPM)
54
Various ant species
Visible ants < 10%
Nest: indoors or out
Enter via cracks, crevices
Rx: Pre-formulated baits
Be patient
(J. R. Natter)
Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 10
2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015
Flies
HOUSEHOLD PESTS
55
HOUSEHOLD: FLIES
Small flies
Fruit flies
Fungus gnats (several)
Larger flies
Filth flies
(House flies; flesh flies; blow flies)
Cluster flies
56
HOUSEHOLD: FRUIT FLIES
1/8”
Yellow-brown
Large red eyes
Decaying veggies
& fruit
(Ken Gray Photos, OSU)
(Purdue)
57
HOUSEHOLD: FUNGUS GNATS
(BugGuide.net)
Sciarid fungus gnat
(wet potting mix)
Mycetophilid gnat
(moldy stuff)
(bugguide.net)
(bugguide.net)
58 (J.R. Natter)
HOUSEHOLD: FILTH FLIES
house fly
(Ken Gray Photos, OSU)
flesh fly
bottle fly (blow fly)
59
HOUSEHOLD: FILTH FLIES
Indoors & outdoors
Foods: trash; carcasses
Maggots leave food to pupate
Management
Sanitation
Screens
60
Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 11
2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015
HOUSEHOLD: CLUSTER FLIES
3/8”
Thorax: gold hairs
Adults Cluster on ceiling
Fly in center of room
Nuisance
Larvae parasitize earthworms
(Ken Gray Photos, OSU)
61
MANAGEMENT: CLUSTER FLIES
Key Points
Swatter; Fly paper
Seal cracks, crevices
24-hour light
Repair screens
Aerosol or “bomb” little value
62
Fabric damagers
(Carpet beetle; Clothes moths)
HOUSEHOLD PESTS
63
HOUSEHOLD: VARIED CARPET BEETLE
Most common fabric-damager
To 1/8”
Larva eats fur, woolens, insects & much more
Adult eats pollen
(UGA1233094;)
64
HOUSEHOLD: CLOTHES MOTHS
(Ken Gray Photos, OSU)
pupa
case-making moth
clothes moth larva
65
case larva
(Kendall Bio-Research)
(J. R. Natter)
Fly at night
MANAGEMENT: FABRIC DAMAGERS
Key Points
Clean fabrics before storage
Check stored goods
Locate & destroy
Discard or clean infested materials
Vacuum thoroughly
After clean-up, pheromone traps (moths)
Moth balls/crystals ineffective
66
Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 12
2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015
Carpenter ants
Termites
STRUCTURAL PESTS
67
STRUCTURAL: CARPENTER ANT
Two species:
Camponotus modoc
C. vicinus
Forage outdoors
(honeydew, dead
insects)
Forage indoors
Multiple nests
worker
alate (winged adult)
(Ken Gray Photos, OSU)
(Ken Gray Photos, OSU)
68
STRUCTURAL: CARPENTER ANT
Workers 1/4 to 1/2”
Black, or red & black
10,000 to 20,000/nest
Main nest
= Queen, eggs, larvae, workers
Satellite nests
= Pupae, workers
69
STRUCTURAL: CARPENTER ANT
Signs
Fresh sawdust
Moist wood, or dry
Scraping sounds in the wall
2-way trails (Apr-Oct; 10 pm to 2 am)
Alates (winged forms) in the spring
70
STRUCTURAL: CARPENTER ANT
smooth galleries
signs
(UNL)
(www.wdiohio.com/Carpenter_Ants.html) 71
MANAGEMENT: CARPENTER ANT
Key Points
Avoid wood-to-moisture contact
Repair leak; replace wood
Treatment best left to PCOs
Important: Rx main nest
One Rx + annual inspections
Common ant baits don’t work
72
Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 13
2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015
STRUCTURAL: CARPENTER ANT
(UGA)
(UGA)
73
Locate the main nest
(UGA)
IDENTIFY: CARPENTER ANT
worker
alates
(Evergreen College)
74
elbowed antenna rounded thorax
one node on slender “waist”
IDENTIFY: CARPENTER ANT
queen queen
2 workers 3 males
(J. R. Natter) 75
Subterranean
termites
Dampwood
termites *
Fly any time
Small (3/8”)
Nest in ground
Sound wood
Shelter tubes
Fly in fall (Aug – Oct)
Large (to 1”)
Nest in wood
Damp or sound
wood
(Ken Gray Images, OSU)
(Ken Gray Images, OSU)
76
STRUCTURAL: SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES
(L: termatrol.com; R: Urban Entomology by Walter Ebeling)
mud tube
(Purdue)
77
STRUCTURAL: DAMPWOOD TERMITES
(J. R. Natter)
78
Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 14
2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015
MANAGEMENT: TERMITES
Key Points Avoid wood-to-soil contact
Ventilate under buildings
Install moisture barrier
Remove wood debris
Fix moisture problems
Periodic inspection
If subterranean termites,
hire pest control company
79
ANT VS. TERMITE
carpenter ant queen
(J. R. Natter)
80
dampwood termites
About ½”
Air-dried lumber
Emerges 10-50 yrs
later
Doesn’t re-infest
golden buprestid
(tagane arts)
81
STRUCTURAL: POWDERPOST BEETLES
About 1/8”
Hardwoods
Powdery frass
Exit hole 1/16”
Re-infests
Rx: Paint; varnish
(Ken Gray Photos, OSU)
82
SUMMARY
Guidelines & Principles
Groups of pests
Public health pests
Nuisance
Household
Structural pests
83