House Hold Waste Composting Guide_ Mohammad Ali, Project Engineer, SSTSB, DAM & WSP World Bank

House Hold Waste Composting Guide_ Mohammad Ali, Project Engineer, Scaling up and Sustainability of Total Sanitation in Bangladesh (SSTSB), DAM & WSP World Bank

XvKv AvnQvwbqv wgkb

Ave©Rbv †_‡K K‡¤úv÷ mvi ‰Zvixi g¨vbyqvj


f~wgKv

K…wl cÖavb †`k evsjv†`k | gvwU‡K i¶v Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j djb evov‡bv hv‡e bv | Avi djb e„wä Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j gviv co‡e K…lK, gviv co‡ev Avgiv mevB | gvwU‡Z mv`viYZ 5 fvM ˆRe c`v_© _vKv cÖ‡qvRb | wKš‘ Avgv‡Ì gvwU‡Z Av‡Q M‡o gvG 1.75 fvM | hv cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq A‡bK Kg |

ivmvqwbK mvi I gvivZ¥K KwUbvkK Gi e¨vcK eënv‡i gvwU nviv‡”Q Zvi De©iZv | bó n‡q hv‡”Q fwel¨‡Zi K…wl Dbœq‡bi e¨vcK m¤¢ebv | gvwU‡K ’vqxfv‡e i¶v I msi¶Y Ki‡Z cv‡i ˆRe mvi | ˆRe mvi ˆZwi LyeB mnR | ˆRe mvi ˆZwii DcKiY Avgv‡ì nv‡Zi Kv‡QB i‡q‡Q |

eZ©gv‡b Rwg‡Z ˆRe mvi eënv‡ii D¾¡j m¤¢ebv †`Lv w`‡q‡Q | gvbyl evuPvi Kvi‡YB ˆRe mv†ii dmj wKb‡Z †ekx AvMÖnx n‡”Q | ˆRe mvi Drcv`b I wewµ K‡i Avq e„w× I Kg©ms¯’vb m„wói gva¨‡g GKB ms‡½ `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb I cwi‡ek i¶v m¤¢e |

evsjv‡`‡k gv_vwcQy f~wgi cwigvb AZ¨š— Kg nIqvq mwVK f~wg eë ’vcbv G †`‡ki Rb¨ AZ¨š— Ri“ix | cwi‡ek msi¶Y I Dbœq‡b †UKmB f~wg eë¯’vcbv GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ask |

†UKmB f~wg eë¯’vcbvi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ w`K n‡jv –cÖwZ‡ek‡K gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y m‡e©v”P gvGvq eënvi Kivi Rb¨ emZevwU, iv —vNvU, KjKviLvbv Rwg, K…wl Rwg, ebf~wg, Rjvf~wg, †MvPviY f~wg mwVK gvGvq mymgw¤Z ivLv |

‡Ku‡Pv mvi‡K †UKmB f~wg eë¯’vcbvi GKwU nvwZqvi ejv †h‡Z cv‡i hv gvwU‡Z ˆRe Dcv`vb e„w× I m¤ú` m„wó‡Z mnvqK | †Ku‡Pv mvi ˆZix GKwU mnR I cwi‡ekevÜe cÖhyw³ | GwU GKw`‡K †hgb A_©‰bwZKfv‡e jvfRbK †Zgb gvwUi cywó¸Y eRvq †i‡L gvwU‡K eÜv‡Z¡I nvZ †_‡K i¶v K‡i |

‡Ku‡Pv mvi‡K GKwU ¶y`ª wkí wn‡m‡e `wi ª Rb‡Mvwôi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qvB Avgv‡Ì j¶¨ | †emiKvix I mgvRwfwËK Dbœqb ms¯’v I Avw_©K cÖwZôvb¸‡jv GB Kv‡R GwM‡q Avm‡e e‡j Avgiv Avkv KiwQ |

K‡¤úv÷ wK ?

K‡¤úv÷ n‡”Q GK ai‡bi ˆRe mvi | bvbv cÖKvi cuPbkxj AveR©bv, wewfbœ cÖvYxi Lv‡`ï Dw”Qó, LoKzUv, ivbœv N‡ii ZiKvwii Dw”Qó, cuPv-evwm Lvevi, AvMvQv, Rsjv BZ¨vw` AbyRx‡ei ×viv cuwP‡q †h mvi ˆZwi Kiv nq Zv-B K‡¤úv÷ mvi | wewfbœ cÖvYxi gjg~G, †Mvei, KmvBLvbvi i³, QvB, †cŠimfvi ‰Re AveR©bv GgbwK KPzwicvbvI ˆRe mvi ˆZwii Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e eënZ n‡”Q |

K‡¤úv÷ ˆZwii wewfbœ c×wZ :

1.¯Zzc c×wZ 2. MZ© c×wZ 3. e¨v‡ij/ Wªvg c×wZ


—yc c×wZ‡Z K‡¤úv÷ ˆZwi

¯—yc c×wZ‡Z ˆRe mvi ˆZwi‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ I DcKiY mvgMÖx: hš¿cvwZ mg~n: ‡ejPv wbovwb Pvjwb cvwb †¯cÖqvi ®‹¨v‡fÄvi ev‡ki †d«‡gi (Gqv‡iUi)

DcKib cwigvb

ˆRe c`v_© 100 †KwR

†Mvei 5 †KwR

Kv‡Vi ¸ov 1 †KwR

BDwiqv 6-10 MÖvg


avc mg~n

avc 1:

‰Re AveR©bv †_‡K A‰Re AveR©bv †hgb KvuP, c−vw÷K, †jvnv RvZxq wRwbm †e‡Q †dj‡Z n‡e |

avc 3:

Ab¨ GKwU cv‡G Avjv`vfv‡e cwigvbgZ †Mvei I BDwiqv cvwb‡Z ¸wj‡q wb‡Z n‡e |

avc 2:

‰Re c`v©_‡K wcwU‡q wK¤v †K‡U †QvU Ki‡Z n‡e|

avc 4:

AbyRx‡ei Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e †Mvei †Mvjv, BDwiqv ªeY I Kv‡Vi ¸ov ˆRe c`v‡_©i m‡½ fvjfv‡e ‡gkv‡Z n‡e |


avc 5:

3 Ub cwigvb GB †gkv‡bv ˆRe c`v_© we‡klfv‡e ˆZwi evu‡ki †d«‡gi Dci (Gqv‡iUi) Ggbfv‡e mvRv‡Z n‡e †hb †fZ‡i evZvm XyK‡Z cv‡i |

avc 7:

ZvcgvGv †e‡o †M‡j (70° †m: Gi Dc‡i) ‘c m‡½ m‡½ †f‡½ IjU-cvjU K‡i Avevi bZzb ‘c mvRv‡Z n‡e |

avc 6:

cÖwZw`b 2-3 evi mvRv‡bv ‘‡ci ZvcgvGv gvc‡Z n‡e †hb 55-56° †m: Gi gv‡S _v‡K |

avc 8:

^vfvweKfv‡e Aš—:Z 8-10 w`b cici ‘c IjU-cvjU K‡i cybivq mvRv‡j cuPb fvj nq |


avc 9:

ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g ¯‘‡ci cvwb ïwK‡q †M‡j ¯‘‡ci Dci cvwb †¯cÖ Ki‡Z n‡e |

avc 11:

‘c †f‡½ K‡¤úvó mvi 14-15 w`b ïKv‡Z n‡e Ges fvj ˆRe mv‡i Av ªZv _vK‡e kZKiv 8-10 fvM |

avc 10:

38-40 w`‡bi g‡a¨B ¯‘cwU K‡¤úvó mv‡i cwiYZ n‡e|

avc 12:

cÖ_‡g 1bs Pvjwb I c‡i 2bs Pvjwb eënvi K‡i mvi †P‡j wb‡jB weµq †hvM¨ n‡q DV‡e |


avc 13:

ïK‡bv mvi evqy wb‡ivaK c¨v‡K‡U msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e |

g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e:

• ‘c †_‡K GKgy‡Vv ˆRe c`v©_ nv‡Z wb‡q wPc‡j hw` cvwb c‡o Z‡e eyS‡Z n‡e ¯‘‡c cvwbi cwigvb wVK Av‡Q |

• hLb ‘‡ci ZvcgvGv I AvenvIqv ^vfvweK ZvcgvGv cÖvq mgvb ZLb eyS‡Z n‡e mvi ‰Zwi n‡q †M‡Q |

• K‡¤úvó mvi ˆZwi nIqvi ci ‘c †f‡½ ïKv‡Z n‡e, AwZwi³ K‡¤úvwós n‡j mv‡ii Kvh©¶gZv †jvc cv‡e |


• fvj ev‡qvexq K‡¤úvwUs –G Kve©Y-bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi AbycvZ 35-50 Gi g‡a¨ |

• K‡¤úvó mv‡i Avqibhy³ wUDeI‡q‡ji cvwb eënvi bv K‡i cyKzi wK¤^v K~qvi cvwb eënvi Kiv fvj|

• ‰Zwi K‡¤úvó †Kvb Lvivc MÜ _v‡K bv |

• K‡¤úvó IjU-cvjU Ki‡Z I mvRv‡Z †ejPv, ¯‹¨v‡fÁvi I wbovwb eënvi Kiv nq |

• ‰Re mvi mvavibZ SziS †I Pv cvZvi gZ n‡q _v‡K |

• Pvjvwbi ci eo mvB‡Ri †Re c`v©_¸‡jv Avevi bZzb ¯Zy‡c wgwk‡q cybt cÖwµqvRvZ Kiv hvq |

• wW‡gi †Lvmv, kvgy‡Ki ¸ov, QvB BZ¨vw` K‡¤úvó mv‡I K¨vjwmqvg, dmdivm I cUvwmqvg mieivn K‡i |

• evwoi ˆRe AveR©bv Avi ‡djbv bq, G †_‡KB ˆZwi n‡e g~jëvb mvi |

m~Î: cÖvKwUKvj G·b


ZvcgvGv gwbUwis Ges IjU-cvjU Kiv

Ave©Rbv msMÖn evQvBKib, wgkªb Ges ‡Ku‡U †QvU

euv‡k †d«‡g (Gqv‡iU‡i)

ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g ‘‡c cvwb †¯cÖ

38-40 w`‡bi g‡a¨B ‘cwU K‡¤úvó mv‡i cwiYZ n‡e Ges ¯‘c †f‡½ ïKv‡Z n‡e |

Pvjwb eënvi K‡i mvi †P‡j we —vq msMÖn Kiv Ges evRviRvZ Kib | evRv‡i mvavi‡bi Rb¨ K‡¤úvó mvi

GK bR‡i —yc c×wZ‡Z K‡¤úv÷ ˆZwii c×wZ avivmg~n


‡Ku‡Pv mvi

GKwU cwi‡ek evÜe DbœZ cÖvK…wZK ˆRe mvi

‡Ku‡Pv mvi cÖhyw³

‡Ku‡Pv mvi GKwU cwi‡ekevÜe I jvMmB ‰Re mvi | G mvi mKj gvV dmj Ges dzj, dj I kvKmewR‡Z eënvi Kiv hvq | De©iZv e„w×mn G mvi gvwUi †fŠwZK, ivmvqwbK I ‰RweK ¸Yvejxi Dbœqb mvab K‡i | G mvi eënv‡i ivmvqwbK mv‡ii eënvi 50 fvM ch©š— mvkªq Kiv m¤¢e | ˆRweK (Organic) K…wl‡Z G mvi A‡bK Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i |

‡Ku‡Pv mvi ‰Zwi‡Z eëüZ ˆRe c`v©_¸‡jv n‡jv †Mvei / gyiMxi weôv, ev‡qv ¯ −vix, Lo, cPbkxj AveR©bv, jZvcvZv BZ¨vw` | †Ku‡Pv G¸‡jv †L‡q gj Z¨vM K‡i | GQvovI Zvi †`n n‡Z GK ai‡bi ivmvqwbK c`v©_ wbtm„Z nq | G¸‡jv ˆRe c`v_© mv‡_ wg‡kªZ n‡q cywógvb evwo‡q †`q | mKj wgkªY GK‡G GKwU DbœZ ˆRe mvi wn‡m‡e cwiYZ nq | G mvi†K Avgiv ‡Ku‡Pv mvi ev f©vwgK‡¤úvó ej‡Z cvwi |

‡Ku‡Pv mvi Ges Ab¨vb¨ cÖPwjZ ˆRe mv‡ii cywógv‡bi kZKiv nvi-Gi Zzjbv

‰Re mvi bvB‡Uªv‡Rb dmdivm cUvk

‡Ku‡Pv mvi 2.5-3.0 1.0-1.5 1.5-2.0

†Mvei 0.51-1.5 0.4-0.8 0.5-1.9

gyiMxi weôv 1.6 1.5 0.85

K‡¤úvó (mvavib) 0.4-0.8 0.3-0.6 0.7-1.0

LvgviRvZ mvi 0.5-1.5 0.4-0.8 0.5-1.9

K‡¤úvó (KPzwicvbv) 3.0 2.0 3.0

‡cÖmgvW 1.0-1.5 1.8-2.4 1.2-3.8

ev‡qv ¯ −vix (†Mvei) 1.29 2.80 0.75

ev‡qv ¯ −vix (gyiMxi weôv) 2.73 3.30 0.80


evwYwRK wfwË‡Z ‡Ku‡Pv mvi ˆZwi‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKib I µqg~j¨

DcKib cwigvb GKK g~j¨ ‡gvU g~j¨

Ni ˆZwi (15wdU X 10 wdU X 7 wdU ) 1 wU 12500 UvKv 12500 UvKv

‡Ku‡Pv µq 2 †KwR 1500UvKv 3000 UvKv

gvwUi Mvgjv (e¨vm 36 BwÂ Ges MfxiZv 15 BwÂ)

9wU 180UvKv 1620 UvKv

Ab¨vb¨ LiP 800 UvKv

‡gvU 17920 UvKv

‡Ku‡Pv mvi ˆZwi‡Z gvwmK LiP

KvuPv gvj cwigvb GKK g~j¨ ‡gvU g~j¨

†Mvei / gyiMxi weôv 800 †KwR 0.50 UvKv 400 UvKv

ivbœv N‡ii eR© 300 †KwR 1 UvKv 300 UvKv

cvZv 10 †KwR 1 UvKv 10 UvKv

Lo 20 †KwR 5 UvKv 100 UvKv

kªwgK LiP 38 †KwR 25 UvKv 950 UvKv

‡gvU 1760 UvKv

‡Ku‡Pv mvi cÖK‡í gvwmK Avq

DcKib cwigvb GKK g~j¨ ‡gvU g~j¨

mvi weµq 500 †KwR (ï®‹

Ae ’vq) 7 UvKv 3500 UvKv

‡KuvP weµq 500 MÖvg 1500 UvKv 750 UvKv

†gvU 4250 UvKv


myZivs GB cÖK‡í cÖwZgv‡m jvf _v‡K (4250-1760)=2490 UvKv | cÖK‡í ïi“I 8 gv‡m g~jab D‡V Avm‡e |

‡Ku‡Pv mvi ˆZixi c×wZ

• e©R¨mg~‡K (ivbœv N‡ii eR© , cvZv, Lo) gvwUi M‡Z© †X‡K †i‡L A_ev Kv‡jv cwjw_‡b gyL eÜ K‡i evqyk~Y¨ Ae¯’vq 7/8 w`b ivL‡Z n‡e | MvRb cÖwµqv m¤§bœ& n‡q hvIqvi ci Db¥y³ ¯’v‡b †i‡L ïwKqv 50-60% Av ª©Zvq Avb‡Z n‡e |

• KvuPv †Mvei 10-15 w`b cÖPwjZ ixwZ Abyhvqx gy³ Ae¯’vq cuPv‡Z n‡e | Aek¨B g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e KLbB KvuPv †Mvei mivmwi gvwUi Mvgjvq †`qv hv‡e bv | Zvn‡j me †Ku‡Pv g‡i hv‡e | ‡hLv‡b gyiMxi weôv cvIqv mnR †mLv‡b †Mve‡ii cwie©‡Z gyiMxi weôv eënvi Kiv †ekx jvfRbK n‡e | gyiMxi weôvI cÖPwjZ c×wZ‡Z 10-15 w`b cuPv‡Z n‡e |

• cuPb I MvRb cÖwµqv m¤úbœ n‡j mKj eR©¨ (†Mvei / gyiMxi weôv, ivbœv N‡ii eR© , cvZv, Lo) GK‡G wgwk‡q 9wU Mvgjvq mgvbfv‡e fvM K‡i cÖwZwU‡Z 200 wU K‡i †Ku‡Pv †Q‡o w`‡Z n‡e | Gici Qvjvi PU w`‡q †X‡K w`‡Z n‡e | g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †Ku‡Pv AÜKvi RvqMvq _vK‡Z cQ›` K‡i Ges AÜKvi fvjfv‡e †L‡Z cv‡i |

• 2/1 w`b ci ci †`L‡Z n‡e †h Mvgjvq cvwb ïwK‡q †M‡Q wKbv | cvwb ïwK‡q †M‡j Aí cvwb Dci w`‡q wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e |

• ‡Ku‡Pv mvi ˆZwi‡Z Mvgjv¸‡jv‡Z ‡Ku‡Pv †`qvi Av‡MB N‡ii Pvwiw`‡K †Wªb K‡I cwjw_b wewQ‡q cvwb †`qvi eë¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e | hv‡Z wccov wKsev Ab¨vb¨ †cvKv-gvKo ‡Ku‡Pv¸‡jv†K †L‡q †cj‡Z cv‡i | A_ev Mvgjv¸‡jv‡K eo Rjweov/ cvwb _v‡K Ggb cv‡Gi Dci emv‡Z n‡e |

‡Ku‡Pv mvi msMÖn

• ‡Ku‡Pv mvaviYZ eR © c`v©_ Dc‡ii w`K †_‡K ïi“ K‡i | eR¨© c`v©_ hLb Pv ¸ovi gZ SziS‡i nq ZLb eyS‡Z n‡e mvi ˆZwi n‡q †M‡Q | cÖK…Zc‡¶ †Ku‡Pvi gjB n‡jv mvi hv Kv÷ bv‡gI cwiwPZ | G Ae¯’vq Pvjywb w`‡q †P‡j †KvKzb (‡Ku‡Pv wWg) Ges SiSiv Ask Avjv`v Ki‡Z n‡e | Pvjywbi wQ`ª 0.5 wgwjwgUvi n‡j fvj nq | cÖ_g av‡c †Ku‡Pv mvi ˆZwi n‡Z 20-25 w`b mgq jv‡M |

• 10-15% Av`ª©Zvm¤úbœ Ae¯’vq †Ku‡Pv mvi msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e | A_©vr fvjfv‡e †iv‡` ïwK‡q cwjw_‡b mxj K‡I AvUwK‡q msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e | Gfv‡e msiw¶Z †Ku‡Pv mvi cÖvq GK eQi ch©š— fvj _v‡K |


• 20-25 w`b ci ci mvi ˆZix n‡Z _vK‡e | cybivq Ave©Rbv ˆZix K‡i Mvgjvq †Ku‡Pv¸j‡K †Q‡o w`‡j 20/25 w`‡bi g‡a¨ Avevi cwigvYgZ mvi msMÖn Kiv hv‡e |

‡Ku‡Pv mvi e¨venvi

G mvi Rwg ˆZwii mgq ivmvqwbK mv‡ii gZ wQwU‡q I gvwUi mv‡_ wgwk‡q e¨venvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib |

eQi mv‡ii cwigvb Rwgi cwigvb

1g eQi 15 †KwR 1 kZvsk

2q eQi 7.5 †KwR 1 kZvsk

3q eQi 3.7 †KwR 1 kZvsk

gvwUi Ae ’v †gvUv‡gvwU ¯vfvweK n‡j D‡j−wLZ PvU© Abymv‡i mvi e¨venvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i | Gi d‡j AvkvZxZ dj cvIqv hv‡e |

Gfv†e ‡Ku‡Pv K‡¤úvó wZb eQi e¨venvi Ki‡j cieZx© `yÕeQi H Rwg‡Z †Zgb mvi e¨venv†ii cÖ‡qvRb n‡e bv | hv cÖK…Z Drcv`b KiP Kwg‡q Avb‡e |

gvwUi De©iZv hw` G‡Kev‡iB bv _v‡K Zvn‡j ‡Ku‡Pv mv‡ii cvkvcvwk cÖ_‡g eQi 70% ivmvqwbK mvi e¨venvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i |

m~Î: cÖvKwUKvj G·b


evwo wfwËK ¯Z‚c c×wZ‡Z Kg‡cv÷ cÖ ‘Z Kiv:

¯Z‚c c×wZ‡Z Kg‡cvó mvi ˆZwii Rb¨ Ggb GKwU DPz RvqMvq wb©evPb Ki‡Z n‡e †hLv‡b cvwb R‡g bv | †Mvqvj N‡ii cv‡k ev Lvgvi cÖv½‡Y RvqMv wb©evPb Kiv fvj | MvQZjvqI Kg‡cv÷ mvi ˆZwi Kiv hvq |

cÖ_‡g 3 wgUvi ‰`N¨ I 2 wgUvi cÖ ’ cwiwgZ RvqMv †g‡c wb‡Z n‡e | Pvi †KvYvq PviwU LyuwU cyu‡Z PZzw ©‡K iwk Rwo‡q AvqZKvi †¶G ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e | †¶‡Gi †fZ‡i LoKzUv, AveR©bv, AvMvQv BZ¨vw` Kg‡cvó ˆZwii KuvPvgvj —‡i —‡i mvRv‡Z n‡e | hZ¶Y ch©š— bv GKwU ¯—i 30 †mwg DuP z nq ZZ¶Y ch©š— Kg‡cvó ˆZwii KuvPvgvj †mLv‡b ivL‡Z n‡e | cÖ_‡g —iwU 30 †mwg DuPz n‡j 1 †KwR ¸uov ˆLj, 500 MÖvg BDwiqv I 200 MÖvg wUGmwc wQUv‡Z n‡e | G‡Z Ave©Rbvi ¯—iwU AvuUmvU n‡e Ges cPbwµqv Z¡ivwš^Z n‡e | Zvici ¯—wUi Dci 5 †mwg cwigvb cyi“ K‡I †Mve‡ii †jc w`‡Z n‡e | Gfv‡e 7wU ¯—i mvRv‡Z n‡e | mßg ¯—iwU Kzu‡o N‡ii Pvjvi gZ Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z e„wói cvwb ¯Z‚‡ci †fZ‡i cÖ‡ek bv K‡I Mwo‡q wb‡P co‡Z cv‡i | ¯Z‚c cwjw_b Øviv †X‡j w`‡Z n‡e | wb‡Pi Q‡K ev‡qv Gw±‡fUi ˆZwii Dcv`vb I cwigvY D‡j−L Kiv n‡j |

Kg‡cvó Gw±‡fUi cwigvY

1. QÎvK B‡bvKzjvg `ªe¨ 2. ïKbv ¸uov †Mvei 3. ˆLj ¸uov 4. BDwiqv 5. wUGmwc 6.Ggwc 7.cvZv

1 †KwR 7 †KwR 5 †KwR 4 †KwR 1 †KwR 1 †KwR 1 †KwR

‡gvU 20 †KwR

Kg‡cvó mvi †ò yB gv‡mi g‡a¨ Rwg‡Z eënv‡ii Dc‡hvMx nq |

Documents

House Hold Waste Composting Guide_ Mohammad Ali, Project Engineer, SSTSB, DAM & WSP World Bank