LAPORAN PROGRAM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR

TUGAS AKHIR PERIODE 147

HOTEL RESORT DI KALIURANG YOGYAKARTA

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan guna memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur

Disusun Oleh:

Mikael Christian Lolonlun

NIM 21020115130092

Dosen Koordinator:

Ir. Budi Sudarwanto, M.Si

Dosen Pembimbing:

Dr. Eng. Bangun IRH, ST. MT.

Ir. Dhanoe Iswanto, MT.

Dosen Penguji:

Dr. Ir. Atik Suprapti, MT.

Masyiana Arifah A.R, ST. M.Arch

PRODI S1 DEPARTEMEN ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO

KOTA SEMARANG

2019

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Mikael Christian Lolonlun – UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO | 2

Mikael Christian Lolonlun – UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO | 3

Mikael Christian Lolonlun – UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO | 4

ABSTRAK

Hotel Resort di Kaliurang Yogyakarta

Kaliurang menjadi salah satu kawasan destinasi wisata DIY sekaligus sebagai kawasan

konservasi yang terletak di Kabupaten Sleman ini mengalami perkembangan wisata yang

begitu padat. Didukung dengan munculnya berbagai hotel dan akomodasi lainnya, kawasan

ini bertumbuh menjadi semakin padat dan mulai memenuhi setiap lahan yang ada.

Mengingat kawasan Kaliurang juga merupakan kawasan konservasi. Dibutuhkannya satu

bentuk akomodasi penginapan yang tidak hanya mengutamakan kebutuhan wisatawan untuk

berekreasi tetapi juga mengutamakan alam lingkungan sekitarnya. Sehingga bangunan yang

terwujud seakan-akan ‘transparan’ akan alam sekitarnya. Oleh karena itu pendekatan desain

yang digunakan dalam perancangan hotel resort di Kaliurang Yogyakarta yaitu menggunakan

konsep desain Eko-Arsitektur

Kata kunci: Kaliurang, wisata, akomodasi, resort, hotel, eko-arsitektur

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Mikael Christian Lolonlun – UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO | 6

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ................................................................................... 1

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ......................................................................................................... 2

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI TUGAS AKHIR UNTUK KEPENTINGAN

AKADEMIS ............................................................................................................................... 3

ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................................. 4

KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................................... 5

DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................................................. 5

DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................................................. 10

DAFTAR TABEL DAN DIAGRAM ............................................................................................... 12

BAB I ............................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.1 LATAR BELAKANG ................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.2 TUJUAN DAN SASARAN ....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.2.1 TUJUAN ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.2.2 SASARAN ...................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.3 MANFAAT ............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.3.1 SUBYEKTIF .................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.3.2 OBYEKTIF ...................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.4 RUANG LINGKUP .................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.4.1 LINGKUP SUBSTANSIAL ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.4.2 LINGKUP SPASIAL ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.5 METODE PEMBAHASAN ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.6 SISTEMATIKA PEMBAHASAN............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.7 ALUR PIKIR ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

BAB II ............................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ...................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.1 TINJAUAN UMUM HOTEL .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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2.1.1. Pengertian Hotel ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.1.2. Klasifikasi Hotel............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.1.3. Struktur Organisasi Hotel ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2 TINJAUAN HOTEL RESORT ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.1 Pengertian Resort dan Hotel Resort ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.2 Faktor Penyebab Timbulnya Hotel Resort .................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.3 Karakteristik Hotel Resort ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.4 Klasifikasi Hotel Resort ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3 PEDOMAN PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN HOTEL RESORTError! Bookmark not

defined.

2.3.1 Syarat Lokasi Tapak ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3.2 Dasar-dasar Pemilihan Tapak ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3.3 Tinjauan Pengguna/User Hotel Resort ......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3.4 Tinjauan Aktivitas Utama Hotel .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3.5 Organisasi Ruang Hotel ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3.6 Deskripsi Standar dan Analisa Ruangan pada Hotel .... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3.7 Hubungan Ruang .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.4 TINJAUAN ARSITEKTUR EKOLOGI (EKO-ARSITEKTUR) ........ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.5 STUDI BANDING ................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.4.1 Griya Persada Convention Hotel & Resort .................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.4.2 Hyatt Regency Yogyakarta............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.4.3 Matriks Perbandingan Antar Obyek Studi Banding ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.

BAB III ........................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

DATA ............................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.1 TINJAUAN UMUM KABUPATEN SLEMAN ........................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.1.1 Profil Administratif Kabupaten Sleman ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.1.2 Profil Geografis Sleman ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.1.3 Profil Klimatologis ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

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3.1.4 Profil Topografi ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.1.5 Karakteristik Wilayah ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.1.6 Tata Guna Lahan Kawasan Kaliurang ........................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.1.7 Sarana Pendukung Pariwisata ...................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2 PERKEMBANGAN HOTEL DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN ............ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2.1 Jumlah Hotel Berbintang di Kabupaten Sleman ........... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2.2 Tingkat Penghunian Kamar Hotel (TPK) pada Hotel Berbintang diError! Bookmark

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Kabupaten Sleman ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2.3 Tingkat Penghunian Tempat Tidur (TPTT) pada Hotel di Kabupaten Sleman ..... Error!

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3.2.4 Rata-Rata Lama Menginap (RLM) pada Hotel di Kabupaten SlemanError! Bookmark

not defined.

3.3 LOKASI SITE .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.3.1 Pemilihan Tapak ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.3.2 Peraturan Pemerintah .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

BAB IV ........................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

KESIMPULAN BATASAN DAN ANGGAPAN ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1 KESIMPULAN ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.2 BATASAN .............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3 ANGGAPAN .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

BAB V ............................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

PENDEKATAN PROGRAM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.

HOTEL RESORT KALIURANG YOGYAKARTA ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.1 Pendekatan Aspek Fungsional ............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.1.1 Pendekatan Pelaku dan Aktivitas Hotel Resort ............ Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.1.2 Pendekatan Kapasitas Pengunjung dan Pengelola Hotel ResortError! Bookmark not

defined.

5.1.3 Persyaratan Ruang ....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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5.1.4 Hubungan Ruang (Bubble Diagram) ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.1.5 Sirkulasi ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.1.6 Program Ruang ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2 Pendekatan Aspek Kontekstual .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2.1. Pemilihan Lokasi ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2.2. Pemilihan Tapak ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2.3. Alternatif Tapak ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2.4. Penilaian Tapak ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.3 Pendekatan Aspek Kinerja .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.3.1 Sistem Pencahayaan ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.3.2 Sistem Penghawaan ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.3.3 Sistem Jaringan Air bersih ............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.3.4 Sistem Pembuangan Air Limbah................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.3.5 Sistem Jaringan Listrik .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.3.6 Sistem Pembuangan Sampah ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.3.7 Sistem Pencegahan Kebakaran .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.3.8 Sistem Komunikasi ....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.3.9 Sistem Penangkal Petir ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.3.10 Sistem Keamanan ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.3.11 Sistem Transportasi Vertikal ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.4 Pendekatan Aspek Teknis ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.5 Pendekatan Aspek Visual Arsitektural ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

BAB VI ........................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

PROGRAM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR ........ Error! Bookmark not defined.

6.1 PROGRAM DASAR PERENCANAAN ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

6.1.1 Program Ruang ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

6.1.2 Aspek Kontekstual ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

6.2 Program Dasar Perancangan ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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6.2.1 Aspek Kinerja ................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

6.2.2 Aspek Teknis ................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

6.2.3 Aspek Arsitektural ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Standar ukuran kolam renang ............................................................................... 43 Gambar 2.2 Jenis dan komponen kolam renang ....................................................................... 43 Gambar 2.3 Standar ukuran pompa pada kolam renang ........................................................... 45 Gambar 2.4 Standar model dan tipe parkir .............................................................................. 45 Gambar 2.5 Standar model parkir kendaraan ........................................................................... 45 Gambar 2.6 Perbandingan siklus energi, materi pada rumah biasa dan rumah ekologis .............. 47 Gambar 2.7 Bird View Griya Persada Convention Hotel & Resort Kaliurang ................................ 50 Gambar 2.8 Perspektif Tipe Kamar Griya Persada Convention Hotel & Resort Kaliurang ............. 52 Gambar 2.9 Perspektif Blok Banguanan Griya Persada Convention Hotel & Resort Kaliurang ...... 52 Gambar 2.10 Denah layout Griya Persada Convention Hotel & Resort Kaliurang ........................ 53 Gambar 2.11 Lanskap sekitar hunian ....................................................................................... 54 Gambar 2.12 Lanskap sekitar kamar ........................................................................................ 54 Gambar 2.13 Outdoor Swimming Pool ..................................................................................... 54 Gambar 2.14 Eksterior Villa ..................................................................................................... 54 Gambar 2.15 Ramashinta Restaurant ...................................................................................... 54 Gambar 2.16 Ramayana Convention Hall ................................................................................. 54 Gambar 2.17 Bird View Hyat Regency Hotel, Yogyakarta ........................................................... 55 Gambar 2.18 View menghadap kamar tamu ............................................................................ 57 Gambar 2.19 Main Restaurant ................................................................................................ 57 Gambar 2.20 Lounge menuju Lobby ........................................................................................ 57 Gambar 2.21 Swimming Pool dengan konsep tropis ................................................................. 57

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Gambar 2.22 Golf Course ........................................................................................................ 57 Gambar 2.23 Meeting Room Venue ......................................................................................... 57 Gambar 3.1 Peta Administratif Kabupaten Sleman ................................................................... 60 Gambar 3.2 Peta Ketinggian Kabupaten Sleman ....................................................................... 62 Gambar 3.3 Peta Arahan Pemanfaatan Ruang Kawasan Wisata Kaliurang .................................. 63 Gambar 3.4 Lokasi Site Terpilih pada Kawasan Kaliurang, Kab. Sleman DIY ................................ 68 Gambar 5.1 Rencana Lokasi Site 1 .......................................................................................... 106 Gambar 5.2 Batas Utara Site 1 : Bangunan Komersia lainnya .................................................... 107 Gambar 5.3 Batas Selatan Site 1: Lahan Kosong ...................................................................... 107 Gambar 5.4 Batas Timur Site 1: Permukiman Warga ................................................................ 107 Gambar 5.5 Batas Barat Site 1: Lapangan GOR Sekolah WARA ................................................. 107 Gambar 5.6 Rencana Lokasi Site 2 .......................................................................................... 108 Gambar 5.7 Batas Utara Site 2: Permukiman Warga ................................................................ 108 Gambar 5.8 Batas Timur Site 2: Jl. Boyong .............................................................................. 108 Gambar 5.9 Batas Selatan dan Barat Site 2: Permukiman Warga .............................................. 108 Gambar 6.1 Tapak Terpilih ..................................................................................................... 118

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DAFTAR TABEL DAN DIAGRAM

Tabel 1.1 Ranking Devisa Pariwisata dibandingkan dengan Komoditas lainnya (2011-2015) ........ 15 Tabel 1.2 Jumlah Kunjungan Wisatawan di Kabupaten/Kota DIY ............................................... 16 Tabel 1.3 Hasil rekapan karakteristik Wisatawan akan Pariwisata di DIY .................................... 17 Tabel 2.1 Klasifikasi Hotel Berbintang ...................................................................................... 23 Tabel 2.2 Standar Ukuran untuk Ruang Publik Hotel ................................................................. 40 Tabel 2.3 Kapasitas Ruang Konferensi dan Serbaguna ............................................................... 41 Tabel 2.4 Standar Ukuran Kamar ............................................................................................. 41 Tabel 2.5 Persentase Tipe Kamar Tamu berdasarkan Tipe Hotel ................................................ 41 Tabel 2.6 Standar Besaran dan Kebutuhan Ruang Administratif Hotel ....................................... 42 Tabel 2.7 Rincian Tipe Kamar Griya Persada Convention Hotel & Resort .................................... 51 Tabel 2.8 Rincian Tipe Kamar Hyatt Regency Yogyakarta........................................................... 56 Tabel 2.9 Matriks Perbandingan Studi Banding ........................................................................ 58 Tabel 3.1 Pembagian Wilayah Administrasi Kab. Sleman ........................................................... 60 Tabel 3.2 Kondisi Klimatologis Kabupaten Sleman .................................................................... 61 Tabel 3.3 Ketinggian Wilayah di Kabupaten Sleman .................................................................. 62 Tabel 3.4 Hotel/Penginapan Lainnya, Kamar, dan Tempat Tidur di Kabupaten Sleman Tahun 2010-2015 ...................................................................................................................................... 64 Tabel 3.5 Banyaknya Hotel Bintang dan Non Bintang dirinci menurut Kecamatan di Kabupaten Sleman 2016 .......................................................................................................................... 64 Tabel 3.6 Jumlah Hotel, Kamar, dan Tempat Tidur Tahun Kabupaten Sleman Tahun 2011-2017 .. 65 Tabel 3.7 Jumlah Hotel Berbintang 2016 .................................................................................. 65 Tabel 3.8 Jumlah Hotel Berbintang 2017 .................................................................................. 65

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Tabel 3.9 Tabel Tingkat Penghunian Kamar (TPK) Hotel Berbintang Tahun 2011 di Kabupaten Sleman .................................................................................................................................. 66 Tabel 3.10 Tabel Tingkat Penghunian Tempat Tidur (TPTT) Hotel Berbintang di Kabupaten Sleman pada Tahun 2011 ................................................................................................................... 66 Tabel 3.11 Tabel Rata-Rata Lama Menginap (RLM) Hotel Berbintang di Kabupaten Sleman 2011 berdasarkan Jenis Tamu ......................................................................................................... 67 Tabel 5.1 Tabel Pendekatan Kebutuhan Ruang berdasarkan Aktivitas Pelaku ............................. 72 Tabel 5.2 Jumlah Kunjungan Wisatawan Kabupaten Sleman ..................................................... 78 Tabel 5.3 Perhitungan Konstanta a dan b menggunakan Rumus Coding Statistika ...................... 79 Tabel 5.4 Jumlah Wisatawan yang Menginap di Hotel Bintang Provinsi DIY tahun 2013-2015 ..... 80 Tabel 5.5 Jumlah Hotel, Kamar, dan Tempat Tidur di Kabupaten Sleman 2011-2017 .................. 81 Tabel 5.6 Tabel Perbandingan Jumlah Kamar Studi Banding ...................................................... 82 Tabel 5.7 Pendistribusian Pegawai .......................................................................................... 82 Tabel 5.8 Pendistribusian Staff dan Pengelola Hotel Resort ....................................................... 83 Tabel 5.9 Standar Satuan Ruang Parkir (SRP) Bangunan Hotel dan Tempat Penginapan .............. 84 Tabel 5.10 Kebutuhan Ruang berdasarkan Jenis Kendaraan ...................................................... 84 Tabel 5.11 Rekapitulasi Kebutuhan Parkir Hotel Resort ............................................................. 85 Tabel 5.12 Tabel Sumber Penentuan Program Ruang ............................................................... 94 Tabel 5.13 Tabel Program Ruang Kelompok Kegiatan Utama Tamu ........................................... 95 Tabel 5.14 Tabel Program Ruang Kelompok Kegiatan Penunjang Tamu...................................... 96 Tabel 5.15 Tabel Program Ruang Kelompok Kegiatan Pengelola ............................................... 101 Tabel 5.16 Tabel Program Ruang Kelompok Pelayanan dan Servis ............................................ 102 Tabel 5.17 Tabel Program Ruang Kelompok Ruang Publik ........................................................ 104 Tabel 5.18 Tabel Program Ruang Kelompok Ruang Parkir ........................................................ 104 Tabel 5.19 Rekapitulasi Program Ruang .................................................................................. 105 Tabel 5.20 Kondisi Site 1 ........................................................................................................ 107 Tabel 5.21 Kondisi Site 2 ........................................................................................................ 109

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Tabel 5.22 Tabel Perbandingan Tapak .................................................................................... 109 Tabel 6.1 Program Ruang Hotel Resort Kaliurang Yogyakarta ................................................... 116 Diagram 1.1 Komposisi Wisatawan yang berkunjung ke Kab/Kota DIY ....................................... 16 Diagram 1.2 Kerangka Alur Pikir Perancangan Hotel Resort di Kaliurang Yogyakarta ................... 21 Diagram 2.1 Struktur Organisasi Hotel Kecil ............................................................................. 28 Diagram 2.2 Struktur Organisasi Hotel Medium ....................................................................... 28 Diagram 2.3 Struktur Organisasi Hotel Besar ............................................................................ 29 Diagram 2.4 Organisasi Ruang Hotel menurut Fungsinya .......................................................... 37 Diagram 2.5 Organisasi Ruang Hotel menurut Sifatnya ............................................................. 37 Diagram 2.6 Diagram Skematik Lobby...................................................................................... 39 Diagram 2.7 Skema Hubungan Ruang secara keseluruhan ........................................................ 46 Diagram 2.8 Konsep Eko Arsitektur yang holistik (sistem keseluruhan) ...................................... 46 Diagram 2.9 Unsur Alam dalam konsep Eko-Arsitektur ............................................................. 48 Diagram 5.1 Struktur Organisasi Umum Hotel .......................................................................... 70 Diagram 5.2 Bubble Diagram Hubungan Ruang berdasarkan Aktivitas Pengunjung .................... 87 Diagram 5.3 Bubble Diagram Hubungan Ruang berdasarkan Aktivitas Pengelola Administratif ... 88 Diagram 5.4 Bubble Diagram Hubungan Ruang berdasarkan Aktivitas Staff – Food and Beverage 89 Diagram 5.5 Bubble Diagram Hubungan Ruang berdasarkan Aktivitas Staff – Housekeeping ....... 90 Diagram 5.6 Bubble Diagram Hubungan Ruang berdasarkan Aktivitas Staff – Front Office .......... 91 Diagram 5.7 Bubble Diagram Hubungan Ruang berdasarkan Aktivitas Staff – Utilitas & Engineering ............................................................................................................................................. 92 Diagram 5.8 Sirkulasi Pengunjung Menginap ............................................................................ 93 Diagram 5.9 Sirkulasi Pengunjung Tidak Menginap ................................................................... 93 Diagram 5.10 Sirkulasi Staff dan Pengelola ............................................................................... 93 Diagram 5.11 Sirkulasi Makanan dan Minuman ........................................................................ 94

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Diagram 5.12 Sirkulasi Perlengkapan dan Barang ..................................................................... 94 Diagram 5.13 Sistem Distribusi Elektrikal ................................................................................ 113