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HORNWORTS(Anthocerotae)
~ 6 Genera, ~ 350 SpeciesAnthoceros
Megaceros
Dendroceros Notothylas
Phaeoceros
Life Stages
Gametophyte: Chloroplasts
Gametophyte: Thallus Anatomy
Gametophye: Anchoring and Water Uptake
Gametophye: Mucilage Cavities and Ventral Pores
Fig. 19-3 in Schofield 1985
Gametophyte : Symbionts I
Gametophyte: Symbionts II
Gametophyte: Male Gametangia
Gametophyte: Male Gametangia
Fig. 19-5 in Schofield 2001
Gametophyte: Female Gametangia
Female Gametangia
Sporophyte: Early Development
Fig. 19-6 in Schofield 1985
Sporophyte
Sporophyte: Growth
Sporophyte
Sporophyte: Stoma
Fig. 19-7 in Schofield 1985
Sporophyte Development
Sporophyte: Sporangium
Moss Liverwort
Hornwort
(Liverwort)
(Moss)
(Hornwort)All Other Plants
Green AlgaeHypothesis I: Bryophytes Monophyletic
(Liverwort)
(Moss) (Hornwort)
Rest of Plants
Green Algae
Hypothesis II: Bryophytes Paraphyletic (Some Internal Monophyly)
(Liverwort)
(Moss)(Hornwort)
Rest of Plants
Green Algae
Hypothesis III: Bryophytes Paraphyletic (No Internal Monophyly)