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8/8/2019 Hopping Introduction v01
1/22
Introduction 1
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre
Motorola Confidential Proprietary
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTIONTECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
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Introduction 2
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre
Motorola Confidential Proprietary
SCENARIOSCENARIO
Network Capacity
Subscribers
Spectrum Constraints
Site Constraints
Spectrum Constraints
Site Constraints
Network Capacity
Subscribers
Allocate More Spectrum
Increase Spectral Efficiency
Smaller Cells
More Aggressive Reuse
Allocate More Spectrum
Increase Sp
ectral Efficiency
Smaller Cells
More Aggressive Reuse
FH
8/8/2019 Hopping Introduction v01
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Introduction 3
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre
Motorola Confidential Proprietary
FREQUENCY HOPPING CONCEPTFREQUENCY HOPPING CONCEPT
Each burst is transmitted on a different frequencyEach burst is transmitted on a different frequency
Both mobile and base station follow the same hoppingBoth mobile and base station follow the same hopping
sequencesequence
The MS/BTS changes
the frequency from
burst to burst
Frame 0 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3
Frequency A
Frequency B
Frequency C
Frequency D
4,615
millisec. (1 Frame = 8*577 microsec.)
8/8/2019 Hopping Introduction v01
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Introduction 4
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre
Motorola Confidential Proprietary
FREQUENCY DIVERSITYFREQUENCY DIVERSITY
Non HoppingNon Hopping
Freq. f1Freq. f1
Freq. f1Freq. f1
Freq. f2Freq. f2
HoppingHopping
Corrupted BurstsCorrupted Bursts
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8/8/2019 Hopping Introduction v01
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Introduction 6
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre
Motorola Confidential Proprietary
BER & FERBER & FER
Frame Erasure Rate (FER) is the Right Measure of theFrame Erasure Rate (FER) is the Right Measure of theVoice QualityVoice Quality
Decoding &
Deinterleaving
BERF
ER
8/8/2019 Hopping Introduction v01
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Introduction 7
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre
Motorola Confidential Proprietary
QUALITY IMPROVEMENTQUALITY IMPROVEMENT
RxQual = 5,6,7
RxQual = 0,1,2,3,4
RxQual = 6,7
RxQual = 0,1,2,3,4,5
HOPPINGNONHOPPING
Decoding and deinterleaving processes are ableDecoding and deinterleaving processes are ableto cope with a higher BERto cope with a higher BER
Higher RxQual is Tolerated WithF.
H.
WithoutHigher RxQual is Tolerated WithF.
H.
WithoutImpacting the Quality (LowerFER).Impacting the Quality (LowerFER).
8/8/2019 Hopping Introduction v01
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Introduction 8
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre
Motorola Confidential Proprietary
QUALITYQUALITY--CAPACITY TRADECAPACITY TRADE--OFFOFF
"For the same capacity
FH improves the quality, and
"For the same capacity
FH improves the quality, andfor a given average quality FH makes possiblefor a given average quality FH makes possible
increase the capacity".increase the capacity".
NONHOPPING
SYSTEM
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HOPPING SYSTEM
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HOPPING SYSTEM
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PQ
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HOPPING SYSTEM
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OR OR
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8/8/2019 Hopping Introduction v01
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Introduction 10
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre
Motorola Confidential Proprietary
FREQUENCY HOPPING IMPLEMENTATIONFREQUENCY HOPPING IMPLEMENTATION
Base Band Hopping (BBH)Base Band Hopping (BBH)
The TCUs transmit always the same frequencyThe TCUs transmit always the same frequency
Number of frequencies for hopping = Number of carriersNumber of frequencies for hopping = Number of carriers
SynthesiserFrequency Hopping (SFH)SynthesiserFrequency Hopping (SFH)
The TCUs change (retune) the frequency every burstThe TCUs change (retune) the frequency every burst
Number of frequencies for hopping > Number of carriersNumber of frequencies for hopping > Number of carriersTCUs can hop over a range of 64 different frequenciesTCUs can hop over a range of 64 different frequencies
8/8/2019 Hopping Introduction v01
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Introduction 11
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre
Motorola Confidential Proprietary
FH: MOBILE ACTIVITYFH: MOBILE ACTIVITY
Same activity for BBH and SFHSame activity for BBH and SFH
8/8/2019 Hopping Introduction v01
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8/8/2019 Hopping Introduction v01
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Introduction 13
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre
Motorola Confidential Proprietary
BASEBAND HOPPING (2)BASEBAND HOPPING (2) The TCUs always transmit a fixed frequency.The TCUs always transmit a fixed frequency.
The call hops" over the TCUs, maintaining theThe call hops" over the TCUs, maintaining thesame timeslot, on a per burst basis.same timeslot, on a per burst basis.
In reception the call is always processed by the sameIn reception the call is always processed by the sameTCU (the one where the call started).TCU (the one where the call started).
The number of frequencies to hop over is limited byThe number of frequencies to hop over is limited bythe number of TCUs equipped in the cell.the number of TCUs equipped in the cell.
The BCCH carrier can hop in timeslots 1 to 7The BCCH carrier can hop in timeslots 1 to 7(without power control/DTX).(without power control/DTX).
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Introduction 14
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre
Motorola Confidential Proprietary
BASEBAND HOPPING (3)BASEBAND HOPPING (3)
CyclicCyclicBase Band:Base Band:
PseudorandomPseudorandom
CyclicCyclicBase Band:Base Band:
PseudorandomPseudorandom
NNererHopping Frequencies = NHopping Frequencies = NererTCUs in serviceTCUs in serviceNNererHopping Frequencies = NHopping Frequencies = NererTCUs in serviceTCUs in service
Mobile A
Mobile B
Mobile C
Mobile D
Mobile E
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Introduction 15
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre
Motorola Confidential Proprietary
BASEBAND HOPPING (4)BASEBAND HOPPING (4)
TRANSMISSION RECEPTION
BURST # Timeslot Frequency TCU/DRCU Timeslot Frequency TCU/DRCU
1 5 f3 3 5 f3 3
2 5 f4 4 5 f4 3
3 5 f1 1 5 f1 3
4 5 f2 2 5 f2 3
5 5 f3 3 5 f3 3
6 5 f4 4 5 f4 3
7 5 f1 1 5 f1 3
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Call assigned to TCU 3 Timeslot 5 at the setupCall assigned to TCU 3 Timeslot 5 at the setup
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f4 f3 f2 f1
Cyclic
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Introduction 16
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre
Motorola Confidential Proprietary
SYNTHESISER FREQUENCY HOPPING (1)SYNTHESISER FREQUENCY HOPPING (1)
BCCHBCCHBCCHBCCH f1...f8f1...f8f1...f8f1...f8 f1...f8f1...f8f1...f8f1...f8 f1...f8f1...f8f1...f8f1...f8 f1...f8f1...f8f1...f8f1...f8
Hopping over 8 frequencies
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Introduction 17
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre
Motorola Confidential Proprietary
The TCUs are able to retune to a new frequency eachThe TCUs are able to retune to a new frequency eachburst.burst.
The call always stays in the same TCU.The call always stays in the same TCU. One TCU can hop up to over 64 different frequencies.One TCU can hop up to over 64 different frequencies.
WideWide--band combining devices (hybrids) are required inband combining devices (hybrids) are required inthe base station (Cavity Combiners can not be used withthe base station (Cavity Combiners can not be used with
SFH).SFH). The BCCH frequency can be included in the hoppingThe BCCH frequency can be included in the hopping
sequence, but in practice, BCCH carrier never hops, andsequence, but in practice, BCCH carrier never hops, andcarries traffic on timeslots 1 to 7.carries traffic on timeslots 1 to 7.
SYNTHESISER FREQUENCY HOPPING (2)SYNTHESISER FREQUENCY HOPPING (2)
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Introduction 18
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre
Motorola Confidential Proprietary
SYNTHESISER FREQUENCY HOPPING (3)SYNTHESISER FREQUENCY HOPPING (3)
FRAMES ON CARRIER AFRAMES ON CARRIER A
CARRIER ACARRIER A
FREQUENCY 1FREQUENCY 1
CARRIER ACARRIER A
FREQUENCY 2FREQUENCY 2CARRIER ACARRIER A
FREQUENCY 3FREQUENCY 3
CARRIER ACARRIER A
FREQUENCY 4FREQUENCY 4
NNererHopping Frequencies >= NHopping Frequencies >= NererHopping CarriersHopping CarriersNNererHopping Frequencies >= NHopping Frequencies >= NererHopping CarriersHopping Carriers
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Introduction 19
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre
Motorola Confidential Proprietary
FREQUENCY HOPPING THROUGHBCCH (1)FREQUENCY HOPPING THROUGHBCCH (1)
BCCH transmit always at maximum power
Power change
BBHBBH
The hopping system assigned to Timeslot 0 of NonThe hopping system assigned to Timeslot 0 of Non--BCCHBCCHcarriers can not include the BCCH frequencycarriers can not include the BCCH frequency
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Introduction 20
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre
Motorola Confidential Proprietary
FREQUENCY HOPPING THROUGHBCCH (2)FREQUENCY HOPPING THROUGHBCCH (2)SFH t r H SFH
BURST BCCHTCU/DRCU T CHTCU/DRCU BCCHTCU/DRCU TCHTCU/DRCU
1 - fb (BCCH Pow) fb f
2 fb (DB) f
fb f
3 fb (DB) f
fb f
4 fb (DB) f
fb f
5 fb (DB) f
fb f
6 - fb (BCCH Pow) fb f
7 fb (DB) f
fb f
... ... ... ... ...
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BCCHFrequency: fb
Hopping Freqs: f1,f2,f3,f4
Cyclic
SFHSFH
BCCH carrier can not hop and if BCCHBCCH carrier can not hop and if BCCHfrequency is used for hopping, the BCCHfrequency is used for hopping, the BCCH
can not carry trafficcan not carry traffic
8/8/2019 Hopping Introduction v01
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Introduction 21
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre
Motorola Confidential Proprietary
FREQUENCY HOPPING LIMITATIONSFREQUENCY HOPPING LIMITATIONS Only one hopping system can contain the BCCH frequencyOnly one hopping system can contain the BCCH frequency
Timeslot 0 of BCCH carrierTimeslot 0 of BCCH carrier can not hopcan not hop
Any timeslot configured as CCCHAny timeslot configured as CCCH can not hopcan not hop
The BCCH carrierThe BCCH carrier can not hopcan not hop with SFHwith SFH
If SFH uses the BCCH frequency, the BCCH carrier canIf SFH uses the BCCH frequency, the BCCH carrier cannot carry trafficnot carry traffic
The BCCH carrierThe BCCH carrier can hopcan hop with BBHwith BBH
With BBH, the hopping system assigned to timeslot 0 ofWith BBH, the hopping system assigned to timeslot 0 ofNonNon--BCCH carriersBCCH carriers can not includecan not include the BCCH frequencythe BCCH frequency
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Introduction 22
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre
Motorola Confidential Proprietary
Same antennaSame antenna
Combined with cavitiesCombined with cavities
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTSHARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
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CAVITY COMBINER
TX RX2RX1
Max. Power (20W)
CAVITY COMBININGCAVITY COMBINING
T
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HYBRID
TX3 TX2/RX2TX1/RX1
Max. Power (20W)
HYBRID HYBRID
DUPLEXER DUPLEXER
AIR COMBININGAIR COMBINING
Different antennaeDifferent antennae
Combined on the airCombined on the air