HOOSIC RIVER WATERSHED 2012 BACTERIAL SOURCE TRACKING PROJECT · mitigate the sources found. As part of this project, the BRPC retained the services of the Massachusetts College of

HOOSIC RIVER WATERSHED 2012

BACTERIAL SOURCE TRACKING PROJECT

Project Advisor - Elena Traister

Project Coordinator - Caroline Scully

Student Intern - Felipe Aedo

Student Intern- Richard Doucette

Student Technician – Ariana Chiapella

Department of Environmental Studies

Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts

North Adams, Massachusetts

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Introduction The Berkshire Regional Planning Commission (BRPC) received a 604b Water Quality Management Planning Grant from the Mass. Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) in 2011 to identify sources of bacterial contamination in the Hoosic River Watershed and develop strategies to mitigate the sources found. As part of this project, the BRPC retained the services of the Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts (MCLA) to conduct the Bacteria Source Tracking (BST) Program. This report details the results of the MCLA BST Program. This work is a continuation of work initiated by the DEP’s Division of Watershed Management BST Program to address bacterial pollution (the primary cause of impairment in the watershed). Mass. DWM, Western Regional Office (WERO) carried out a BST Program on several impaired segments of the Hoosic River between 2006 and 2008, however the program was suspended before BST work in the Hoosic River watershed was completed. The results in this report are presented in the context of the prior sampling carried out by Mass. DWM, WERO. The results of MCLA’s BST Program in the Hoosic River watershed will be used by the BRPC towards developing strategies to mitigate the sources found; BRPC will work with the municipalities and/or landowners determined to be the source of contamination to help them develop mitigation strategies. It is also anticipated that the results of this BST program will help Mass. DWM, WERO achieve the objectives of their prior BST work and further related mitigation efforts.

Methods and Materials

Sampling Design

Sampling was carried out between May – August of 2012. Development of the sampling plan was conducted in close consultation with Mass. DEP, an arrangement that best allowed us to continue the work begun during the BST Program of 2006-08. This program was designed to be flexible, as results drove continued sampling of known sites, and pointed us to newly discovered sites of concern. We began by establishing screening sites on unassessed tributaries of the South Branch, North Branch, and mainstem of the Hoosic River just upstream of their confluence with the Hoosic River. Each unassessed tributary was sampled three times during dry weather. Samples were taken both during periods before or after most residents leave for work (6:30-8:30 a.m. and 5:00-6:00 p.m.) as well as during the day in order to encompass daily variation in bacteria concentrations. Locations with sampled E. coli counts greater than 500 were designated as “hot spots.” Three dry weather sampling events with bacteria counts below 500 and with no other symptoms observed at a given site were used to drop a site from consideration. 500 colonies per 100 milliliters was chosen as the cutoff to conform to the prior BST work carried out by Mass. DEP, which used the same criterion. The Hoosic River and tributaries we sampled are

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classified as class B waters, for which the Massachusetts Water Quality Standards have the following criterion: “the geometric mean of all E. coli samples taken within the most recent six months shall not exceed 126 colonies per 100 ml typically based on a minimum of five samples and no single sample shall exceed 235 colonies per 100 ml.” Further sampling was carried out upstream of “hot spots” to identify sources of bacterial contamination, making use of stream walks and using sewer maps to locate additional sampling sites downstream of sewer crossings. We also followed up on DEP/DWM’s sampling of storm drains flowing during dry weather. As described above, locations with sampled E. coli counts greater than 500 were designated as “hot spots.” Three dry weather sampling events with bacteria counts below 500 and with no other symptoms observed at a given site were used to drop a site from consideration. Finally, we carried out additional sampling on the South Branch of the Hoosic River upstream of Tophet Brook and on the Green River in Williamstown and New Ashford, which are both impaired for Primary Contact Recreational Use, and where sources of bacterial contamination had not been identified by prior BST work. Screening sites were established at road crossings. Identification of “hot spots” and additional sampling to identify sources of bacterial contamination was carried out as described above. Samples were taken exclusively during dry weather conditions. Atmospheric reports were monitored by interns, and sampling only occurred if there was less than 0.10’’ of precipitation in the preceding 48 hours. Samples were not taken if 0.10’’ or more precipitation had fallen in the past 48 hours. Local precipitation records for the 48 hours prior to sampling were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association’s station at the Harriman and West airport in North Adams.

Sample Collection Samples were collected according to standard protocols for bacteria sampling collection and documented in detail in a Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) designed and approved for this project. Student interns were properly trained by the MCLA Project Advisor and the MCLA Hoosic BST Project Coordinator in the months leading up to the field season. Student interns’ performance was evaluated through a field and lab audit. All interns were accompanied by the Project Coordinator multiple times during the sampling season. Each intern’s techniques were observed for correctness. Sampling was carried out by teams of 2 student interns. Field measurements of water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and specific conductance were taken with a YSI 556 multiprobe system. Water samples were collected by wading into the center of the stream, where possible. Where access to the stream was not possible, samples were collected using

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pole and basket samplers from the flowing portion of the stream in a manner that avoided shore effects. Samples were collected in sterile 120 mL or 290 mL disposable Idexx vessels containing sodium thiosulfate for dechlorination in case the water contained residual chlorine. The 290 mL bottles were used for laboratory duplicate analysis. Quality control (QC) samples collected in the field included field blanks and field duplicates. Field blanks were collected by transferring 100 mL of distilled water to a sample bottle at one of the sampling sites during each collection. Field duplicates were collected by taking two samples in separate bottles in the same location at a frequency of 24%. Laboratory Analysis Upon collection, bacteria sample bottles were individually placed inside 1-gallon Ziploc bags on ice at 4°C in a cooler. All E. coli samples were delivered to the MCLA lab within six (6) hours of collection. The samples were analyzed by the interns in the order in which they were collected (oldest first) and ensuring that each sample was analyzed within six hours of when it was collected. All bacteria samples were analyzed for E. coli using the Colilert enzyme substrate test, as described in Standard Methods 9223B (AWWA 1998). A Colilert incubator for E. coli Colilert Quanti-Trays was used. The Colilert incubator, Quanti-trays, and associated supplies were obtained from IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. Two types of QC samples were analyzed in the lab for each collection of water samples: a lab blank and a lab duplicate. One lab blank was run with each collection. Lab blanks consisted of 100 mL of distilled water analyzed using the Colilert enzyme substrate test in the same manner as field samples. Lab duplicates were collected at one site during each collection. Lab duplicates were collected in one 290 mL bottle in the field and split into two samples for analysis upon returning to the lab. Lab duplicate results were compared to a criterion calculated according to Sec. 8.b of Standard Methods 9020 B. This criterion was calculated after collecting multiple lab duplicates during the first two sampling collections. Additionally, for a positive check, a control sample (E. coli supplied by IDEXX) was analyzed once per month. Each lot of Colilert media was verified to not provide false positives or false negatives for E. coli by running negative controls (distilled water and non E. coli coliform bacteria) and a positive control (E. coli supplied by IDEXX). Data Validation Data from each collection were validated by comparing QC results to data quality objectives defined in the project QAPP and summarized as follows: 1) lab and field blanks were expected to be below the detection limit of the Colilert enzyme substrate test and show no colonies; 2) differences between log10-transformed lab duplicate results were compared to a performance criterion of 0.301, which was determined at the start of the sampling season as described in the Laboratory Analysis section above; 3) the differences between log10-transformed field duplicate results were compared to threshold values of 30% or within 50 MPN, 20%, 10%, and 5% of the lesser value for counts lower than 50, between 50 and 500, between 500 and 5000, and greater than 5000, respectively.

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Lab and field blanks all showed no colonies. All sets of field duplicates met our data quality objectives. The result from one set of lab duplicates was greater than our performance criterion. All other QC samples (field duplicates, lab and field blanks) from the same collection met data quality objectives. The data from this collection were qualified and are indicated as such in the results presented below.

Project Summary Over the course of the 2012 Hoosic River Watershed Bacterial Source Tracking Project, 410 individual samples were taken at 103 unique sample locations. These sample locations were screening sites, unassessed tributaries, flowing pipes, and source tracking sites. The process for collecting and analyzing these samples was done in accordance with the Bacterial Source Tracking Project’s Quality Assurance Project Plan. Most of the sites which exceeded the source tracking trigger were either streams which run through active agricultural land, or pipes flowing during dry weather. Sites which exceeded the source tracking trigger were tracked upstream The sites which were contaminated due to active agricultural operations were Cheesbro Brook and Reed Brook. These sites are clearly “hot” due to the presence of cows in close proximity to the water. Stormwater pipes flowing during dry weather that exhibited high E. coli counts were Alton Place, City Hall, Corner Lunch, Eagle Street, Noel Field, Phoenix Dam and Summer Street. With the exception of Summer Street, we were unable to track the source of any of these flowing pipes. Summer Street was tracked to the site Summer Street 3, but no further progress was made in determining the source. The most likely cause of the contamination at all of these sites is the infiltration of sewage into the municipal stormwater system. Additional screening sites which exceeded the source tracking trigger include Alternative Motors, Christmas Brook, Church Street, Hoosic Street and Paull Brook. The source of the contamination at Alternative Motors 1 was tracked uphill to a sewage pipe which had cracked and was leaking into the stormwater system. This pipe was replaced by the Adams DPW. The remaining sites were discovered to have high E. coli counts, but the source was not identified. Sampling done as a followup to DEP testing carried out between 2006-2008 identified two areas which were corrected since DEP testing. The illicit connection on Canal Street at Napa Auto Parts, and the malfunctioning sewage pump at Versailles Avenue were corrected since DEP sampling. Sampling was also carried out at eight sites located along the length of the Green River. The Green River was listed on the Mass. Year 2010 Integrated List of Waters as Category 5 Waters, “Waters requiring a TMDL.” Fecal Coliform is the only pollutant listed for the Green River.

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Sampling of the Green River indicated that the Green River should be removed from the list of Category 5 waterways.

Results and Discussion Site Name (Figure #, located in Appendix B) Hoosic River Watershed Area- Town Adams Post (Figure 7.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen due to the fact that it was a pipe flowing into the Hoosic River during dry weather conditions. This site is located in Adams directly behind the parking lot to the Adams Post Office. The large (~4’ diameter) storm water outfall drains the Post Office parking lot during inclement weather. One sample collected during dry weather conditions had an E. coli count of <.1 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). The sample taken was below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted due to low flow levels from the pipe during subsequent visits. Alternative Motors 1-6 (Figure 11.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen due to the fact that it was a tributary to the Hoosic River. Alternative Motors 1 is located east of Rt 8 in Adams. Its confluence with the South Branch of the Hoosic occurs from a pipe located south of the footbridge in the Alternative Motors parking lot. Three samples were taken immediately before the stream enters the culvert. The samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 770.1, 712 and 15531 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). Upstream of this location is Alternative Motors 2, which is immediately downstream of a culvert which crosses under Route 8 adjacent to Angelina’s Sub Shop. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions at Alternative Motors 2 produced E. coli counts of >24196, 1043 and >241960 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). Alternative Motors 3-6 are a series of access points in the stormwater system uphill from Route 8 in Adams. The location of the underground network of stormwater pipes was discussed thoroughly with the Adams DPW, and confirmed by longtime residents of the local area. Six samples were taken between a manhole cover along Route 8 adjacent to Angelina’s Sub Shop and the open air stream, uphill of the intersection of Friend Street and Grant Street. The samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 959, >2419.6, >2419.6, >24196, >2419.6, and >24196 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken between Alternative Motors 1 and Alternative Motors 6 were above the source tracking trigger. Subsequent sampling occurred upstream of Alternative Motors 6. Alternative Motors 7-12 (Figure 12.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA These sites were chosen as source tracking sites following exceedingly high E. coli counts produced at Alternative Motors 1-6. These sites are a series of access points in the stormwater system uphill from the intersection of Friend Street and Grant Street in Adams. The location of the underground network of stormwater pipes was discussed thoroughly with the Adams DPW, and confirmed by longtime residents of the local area. Eight samples were taken between a

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manhole cover along Notch Road and a manhole cover outside 44 Greylock Ave. The samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of >24196, >241960, >241960, >241960, >241960, >2419.6, 1100 and <.01 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). Samples at locations Alternative Motors 7-11 were all recorded at levels exceeding the source tracking trigger. Alternative Motors 12 was below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. All sample locations with the exception of Alternative Motors 12 contained sewage debris and had strong sewage odor. Upon further investigation of the stormwater system along Greylock Ave, it was determined that there was a leaking sewage pipe in front of 32 Greylock Ave. The Town of Adams DPW was informed of this leakage. DPW workers used a camera to determine the location of the leak. It was determined that the existing clay pipe rested on a cutaway portion of the stormwater pipe to accommodate for the required path and grade of both pipes. The clay sanitary sewage pipe sagged in the cutaway portion of the stormwater pipe, and this sagging caused the pipe to crack. This crack in the clay sewage pipe allowed for raw sewage to flow directly into the stormwater system from the cutaway portion of the stormwater pipe. Adams DPW workers removed the broken portion of the clay pipe and retrofitted it with an ~5 foot PVC pipe. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Alton Place (Figure 23.) Hoosic River Main Stem- North Adams, MA This site was chosen due to the fact that it was a pipe flowing into the Hoosic River during dry weather conditions. This site is located in North Adams directly behind the Shell Gas Station on Rt. 2. One sample collected during dry weather conditions had an E. coli count of 1011.2 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). This storm water pipe crosses the North Adams main sewer line, and was most likely infiltrated by domestic sewage. The North Adams Department of Public Works (DPW) was informed of the findings. No further sampling of this site was conducted due to low flow levels from the pipe during subsequent visits. The issue is still unresolved at this time. Ashton Ave (Figure 24.) Hoosic River Main Stem- North Adams, MA This site was chosen as a follow up to MA DEP testing done 10/17/2007 (DEP Sample NADMSHOO08). This site is located in North Adams, MA at the Ashton Avenue public canoe launch location. The North Adams Department of Public Works (DPW) had previously been informed of the 2007 findings of 12,997 MPN per 100mL sample, and had since corrected the issue of a sewage pump station malfunction upstream near Versailles Avenue. The 2012 sample was taken 200 feet upstream of the Ashton Avenue Bridge in the main stem of the Hoosic River during dry weather conditions. This sample had an E. coli count of 93.3 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1), which confirmed that the prior problem at this location had been resolved. The sample taken was below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Ashuwillticook (Figure 3.) Hoosic River South Branch- Cheshire, MA This site was chosen as a screening site for the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is located in Cheshire, MA along the Ashuwillticook Rail Trail immediately upstream of the large swamp. Three samples collected from Ashuwillticook during dry weather conditions produced

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E. coli counts of 167.4, 137.6 and 290.9 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All three samples taken were below the source tracking trigger while only one sample was slightly higher than the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Bassett Brook (Figure 4.) Hoosic River South Branch- Cheshire, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is a brook located off of Harbor Road in Cheshire, MA. Samples were taken just upstream of the confluence of Bassett Brook with the Hoosic River. Three samples collected from Bassett Brook during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 18.7, 39.9 and 16.1 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Bowerman Creek (Figure 17.) Hoosic River South Branch- North Adams, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is a creek located north of Route 8A in North Adams, MA. One sample was taken just upstream of the confluence of Bowerman Creek with the Hoosic River. The sample collected during dry weather conditions produced an E. coli count of 59.1 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). The sample taken was below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted due to low flow levels during subsequent visits. Bridges Pond 1 (Figure 30.) Hoosic River Main Stem- Williamstown, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the Main Stem of the Hoosic River. This site is an outflow from Bridges Pond located west of the Cole Avenue Bridge in Williamstown, MA. The stream enters the Hoosic River from a large stone culvert which travels under the railroad tracks. Three samples collected from the culvert during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 435.2, 107.6 and 410.6 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger, but two of the samples were above the Primary Contact Recreation standard. This information was communicated to the Williamstown DPW. DPW personnel stated that the elevated numbers could be related to a beaver population in Bridges Pond. Between Bridges Pond and the confluence with the Hoosic River, the stream crosses a sanitary sewer pipe. One sample was taken above the pond as a source tracking site. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Bridges Pond 2 (Figure 30.) Hoosic River Main Stem- Williamstown, MA This site was chosen as a source tracking site following high E. coli counts recorded at the Bridges Pond 1 site. This site is the input to Bridges Pond located in the southwest corner of 919 North Hoosic Road in Williamstown, MA. One sample collected from the stream during dry weather conditions produced an E. coli count of 117.8 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). The sample taken was below the source tracking trigger, and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted.

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Broad Brook 1 (Figure 31.) Hoosic River Main Stem- Williamstown, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the Main Stem of the Hoosic River. This site is a brook located in Williamstown on the west side of Rt. 7. The sample location was north of the Williamstown DPW buildings before the confluence of the brook with the main stem of the Hoosic River. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 12.2, 8.4 and 35.9 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). The samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Burned House (Figure 5.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is a small stream located in Adams on the east side of Rt. 8 north of the burned out house on Leonard Street. This stream is directly adjacent to Dry Brook, and originates from two culverts. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 38.9, 3.1 and 114.5 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). The samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted.

Burnett Farm 1 (Figure 16.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is a small stream which flows in an apparent agricultural ditch located on the southern end of the Burnett Farm along East Road in Adams. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 31.7, 344.8 and 62.4 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All three samples taken were below the source tracking trigger while one sample was higher than the Primary Contact Recreation standard. The most likely cause for the elevated E. coli levels is the presence of cows in the fields of the Burnett Farm. These cows have uninhibited access to the stream. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Canal Street (Figure 21.) Hoosic River North Branch- North Adams, MA This site was chosen as a follow up to MA DEP testing done 8/16/2007 (DEP Sample NRTHHOO9). This site is a ~2’ diameter pipe located in North Adams within the flood chutes in front of Napa Auto Parts on Canal Street. One sample collected during dry weather conditions had an E. coli count of 9.8 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). The North Adams Department of Public Works (DPW) had previously been informed of the 2007 findings of >241960 MPN per 100mL sample, and had since corrected the issue of an illicit sewage connection. The 2012 sample taken was below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard and confirmed that the prior problem had been resolved. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Cheesbro Brook 1-3 (Figure 16.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is a small stream which flows directly through the Burnett Farm along East Road in Adams. Five samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 648, 1071, 1162, 461.1 and 686.7 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All of the samples were above

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the Primary Contact Recreation standard and four of the five samples taken were above the source tracking trigger. The most likely cause for the elevated E. coli levels is the presence of cows in the fields of the Burnett Farm. These cows have uninhibited access to the stream. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Cheshire Reservoir (Figure 2.) Hoosic River South Branch- Cheshire, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as the inflow to the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is the outlet of the Cheshire Reservoir located along Rt. 8 in Cheshire. The sample location was immediately after the water flows over the outlet dam. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 7.4, 4.1 and 186 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). The samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Christmas Brook (Figure 28.) Green River- Williamstown, MA This site was chosen due to the fact that it was a tributary to the Green River with a history of elevated bacteria concentrations. This site is located in Williamstown along Water Street north of the Linear Park bridge. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions had E. coli counts of 129.6, 37.9 and 517.2 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). Two samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard, while one sample exceeded both the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. The Williamstown DPW was informed of the high E. coli levels recorded. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Church Place 1 (Figure 7.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is a stream located on the north side of the flood chutes running downhill from the Forest Park Country Club. The stream enters the Hoosic River from a ~3’ diameter cement pipe which travels under the Ashuwillticook Rail Trail. Three samples collected from the pipe during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 8.6, 115.3 and 29.2 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger, and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Church Place 2 (Figure 7.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen due to the fact that it was a pipe flowing into the South Branch of the Hoosic River during dry weather conditions. This site is a pipe located on the north side of the flood chutes just south of Church Place 1. Three samples collected from the pipe during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of <1, 2 and <1 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger, and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Church Street (Figure 2.) Hoosic River South Branch- Cheshire, MA This site was chosen as a screening site for the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is located in Cheshire immediately downstream of the Church Street Bridge. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 145.5, 579.4 and 689.3 MPN

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per 100 mL sample (Table 1). One sample taken was below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. Two samples taken were above the source tracking trigger and Primary Contact Recreation Standard. The suspected cause of the elevated E. coli levels at Church Street is malfunctioning septic systems upstream of the sample location. No further sampling of this site was conducted. City Hall (Figure 20.) Hoosic River South Branch- North Adams, MA This site was chosen as a follow up to MA DEP testing done 8/16/2007 (DEP Sample NRTHHOO9). This site is a ~2’ diameter pipe located in North Adams on the west side of the flood chute opposite the North Adams City Hall parking lot. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions had a E. coli counts of 35.9, 1986.3, and 488.4 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). One of the samples taken was above the source tracking trigger, with an additional sample also exceeding the Primary Contact Recreation standard. One sample taken was below the source tracking trigger, and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. The North Adams Department of Public Works (DPW) was informed of the findings. No further sampling of this site was conducted. The issue is still unresolved at this time. Cole Avenue (Figure 30.) Hoosic River Main Stem- Williamstown, MA This site was chosen due to the fact that it was a pipe flowing into the Hoosic River during dry weather. This site is located in Williamstown on the north bank of the Hoosic River, ~200 feet west of the Cole Avenue Bridge. Prior to sampling this site, it was noted that the outflow from this pipe was due to an EPA cleanup of a former coal gasification facility. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions had E. coli counts of 2, 2 and 1 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Cook Street 1-5 (Figure 14.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA These sites were chosen due to the fact that they were pipes flowing into the South Branch of the Hoosic River during dry weather. These sites are located on the flood chute walls surrounding the Cook Street Bridge in Adams. Eleven samples collected during dry weather conditions had E. coli counts ranging from <.1 to 5.2 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. The most likely source of this water is a large amount of groundwater due to the elevation drop of the river ~50 feet upstream. No further sampling of these sites was conducted. Corner Lunch (Figure 8.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen due to the fact that it was a pipe flowing into the Hoosic River South Branch during dry weather. This site is located in Adams on the east wall of the flood chute just north of the Spring Street Bridge. Due to its location, we were required to enter the Adams flood control chute to collect this sample. One sample collected during dry weather conditions had an E. coli count 1986.3 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). The one sample exceeded both the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. The Adams DPW was

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informed of the high E. coli levels recorded. No further sampling of this site was conducted due to the difficulty in attaining these samples in the flood chute. Coury Auto (Figure 18.) Hoosic River South Branch- North Adams, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is a small brook which runs from the slopes to the west, and travels through the Coury Auto junkyard prior to its confluence with the Hoosic River. Samples were taken just upstream of the confluence with the Hoosic River. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 5.2, 23.1 and 105 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Dry Brook (Figure 5.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is a brook located on the west side of Rt. 8 north of Leonard Street. Samples were taken just upstream of the confluence with the Hoosic River. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 60.5, 88.6 and 201.4 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Dublin Road (Figure 3.) Hoosic River South Branch- Cheshire, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is a brook located on the west side of the Hoosic River, north of Dublin Road. Samples were taken just upstream of the culvert on Wells Road. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 42.8, 3 and 7.3 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Eagle Street (Figure 21.) Hoosic River North Branch- North Adams, MA This site was chosen as a follow up to MA DEP testing done 8/2/2007-9/30/2008 (DEP Sample NRTHHOO7). This site is a ~2’ diameter pipe located in North Adams on the north side of the flood chute, west of the Eagle Street Bridge. Two samples collected during dry weather conditions had E. coli counts of >24196, and 198630 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All of the samples taken were above the source tracking trigger, and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. The North Adams Department of Public Works (DPW) was informed of the findings after the first sample was taken. The North Adams DPW Director stated that a sewage overflow, which was previously plugged had broken, and raw sewage was flowing into the stormwater system. This issue was remedied by DPW personnel, but the subsequent sample showed continued infiltration of sewage with an E. coli count of 198630 MPN recorded after said remedies were put into place. No further sampling of this site was conducted. This issue is unresolved at this time.

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Freight Yard Pub (Figure 20.) Hoosic River South Branch- North Adams, MA This site was chosen due to the fact that it was a pipe flowing into the South Branch of the Hoosic River during dry weather conditions. This site is a pipe located on the west side of the flood chutes east of the Freight Yard Pub parking lot. All three samples collected from the pipe during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of <1 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger, and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Green River 1-8 (Figure 26.-Figure 29.) Green River- Williamstown and New Ashford, MA These sites were chosen as screening sites for the Green River. These eight sites are located along the length of the Green River from the confluence with the Hoosic River (Green River 1) to a site located in New Ashford (Green River 8). Twenty-four samples collected during dry weather conditions had E. coli counts ranging from 7.5 to 191.8 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). The average E. coli count for these twenty four samples was 74.5 MPN per 100 mL sample. All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of these sites was conducted. H.A. George (Figure 19.) Hoosic River South Branch- North Adams, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is a brook located on the east side of the Hoosic River, with its confluence with the Hoosic River located behind H.A. George on Ashland Street in North Adams. Samples were taken just downstream of the culvert in which the stream travels under the railroad tracks. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 30.9, 119.8 and 145 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Harbor Road (Figure 4.) Hoosic River South Branch- Cheshire, MA This site was chosen as a screening site for the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is located in Cheshire, MA along the Ashuwillticook Rail Trail immediately upstream of the Harbor Road Bridge. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 275.5, 166.4 and 204.6 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All three samples taken were below the source tracking trigger while only one sample was slightly higher than the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Harris Street (Figure 22.) Hoosic River Main Stem- North Adams, MA This site was chosen due to the fact that it was a pipe flowing into the Hoosic River during dry weather conditions. This site is located in North Adams on the north side of the flood chute directly west of the Brown Street Bridge. One sample collected during dry weather conditions had an E. coli count of 32.4 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). The sample taken was below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted due to low flow levels from the pipe during subsequent visits.

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Hemlock Brook (Figure 31.) Hoosic River Main Stem- Williamstown, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the Main Stem of the Hoosic River. This site is a brook located on the west side of Rt. 7 south of the Hoosic River. This brook runs directly through a large horse and yak farm located on North Hemlock Lane. Samples were taken just upstream of the confluence with the Hoosic River. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 18.7, 131.4 and 325.5 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and only one was above the Primary Contact Recreation standard. The most likely cause of this elevated E. coli level was the presence of animals with access to the brook. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Hoosac Street (Figure 9.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen as a screening site for the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is located in Adams in the flood chute, just north of the Hoosac Street Bridge. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 218.7, 387.3 and 547.5 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). Two samples were above the Primary Contact Recreation standard and one of these was also above the source tracking trigger. The most likely cause of these elevated E. coli counts is the close proximity of this sample site to the Summer Street sample site upstream, which has consistently high E. coli counts. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Hoxie Brook (Figure 9.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site originates along the eastern slopes of Mount Greylock. Hoxie Brook travels through a network of underground pipes under downtown Adams, and enters the Hoosic River flood chutes behind Rite Aid in Adams. Samples were taken from a large concrete structure located along the flood chute. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts 209.8, 127.4 and 98.8 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Hunterfield Brook 1-2 (Figure 22.) Hoosic River North Branch- North Adams, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the North Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is a brook that runs along Houghton Street before being piped underground behind the Houghton Street park. Samples were taken before the brook enters the underground pipes (Hunterfield Brook 2), and where the brook meets the Hoosic River within the flood chute (Hunterfield Brook 1). Five samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts 272.3, 290.9, 79.8, 90.9 and 172.3 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger, while two samples taken at Hunterfield Brook 1 exceeded the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted.

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Izzy’s Pizza (Figure 6.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen due to the fact that it was a pipe flowing into the Hoosic River during dry weather conditions. This pipe is located on the north side of the flood chute on the waterline directly behind Izzy’s Pizza. Due to its location, we were required to enter the Adams flood control chute to collect this sample. One sample collected during dry weather conditions produced an E. coli count of 8.6 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). The sample taken was below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted due to the difficulty in attaining these samples in the flood chute. Kitchen Brook (Figure 2.) Hoosic River South Branch- Cheshire, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is a brook located off of the Ashuwillticook Rail Trail in Cheshire, MA. Samples were taken just downstream of the Ashuwillticook bridge prior to the confluence of Kitchen Brook with the Hoosic River. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 16, 35 and 32.3 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Leonard Street 1-2 (Figure 5.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA These sites were chosen as screening sites for the South Branch of the Hoosic River. These sites are located in Adams upstream and downstream of the Rt. 8 bridge adjacent to Leonard Street. Six samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 116.9, 98.7, 56.5, 488.4, 51.2 and 112.4 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger; one sample was above the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Linear Park (Figure 28.) Green River- Williamstown, MA This site was chosen due to the fact that it was a pipe flowing into the Green River during dry weather conditions. This site is a ~1’ diameter pipe sticking ~5 feet from the base of the large concrete wall north of the Linear Park Bridge. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions had E. coli counts of 172.6, 1553.1, and 178.5 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). One of the samples taken was above the source tracking trigger. Two samples taken were below the source tracking trigger, and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. The Williamstown Department of Public Works (DPW) was informed of the findings, and intended to televise the line to attempt to detect the source of E. coli. No further sampling of this site was conducted. The issue is still unresolved at this time. Miller Brook (Figure 10.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen as a follow up to MA DEP testing done 5/27/2008 (DEP Sample TFTHHOO2.0). This site is a brook located north of Tophet Brook, mixing with Tophet Brook ~200 Yards before the confluence with the Hoosic River. One sample collected during dry weather conditions had an E. coli count of 111.9 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). The sample taken was below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted.

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Mr. Tire (Figure 19.) Hoosic River South Branch- North Adams, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is a small stream located just south of Foundry Road. This stream is the outlet of a large swamp area located south of Foundry Road. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 193.5, 122.3 and 149.7 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Noel Field (Figure 19.) Hoosic River South Branch- North Adams, MA This site was chosen as a follow up to MA DEP testing done 6/5/2008 and 9/30/2008 (DEP Sample NADMSHOO12). This site is the outflow from a flood control gate located on the east side of the rip rap across the Hoosic River from Noel Field. One sample collected during dry weather conditions had an E. coli count of >2419.6 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). The sample taken was above the source tracking trigger, and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. The North Adams Department of Public Works (DPW) was informed of the findings. No further sampling of this site was conducted. This issue is unresolved at this time. Notch Brook (Figure 23.) Hoosic River Main Stem- North Adams, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the Main Stem of the Hoosic River. This site is a brook located on the south side of Rt. 2 east of the driveway to the YMCA in North Adams. Samples were taken just upstream of the culvert prior to the confluence with the Hoosic River. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 178.5, 55.7 and 46.4 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Paull Brook (Figure 25.) Hoosic River Main Stem- Williamstown, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the Main Stem of the Hoosic River. This site is a brook which travels from the Mount Williams Reservoir and joins the Hoosic River on the northeast corner of The Spruces mobile home park. Samples were taken just prior to the confluence with the Hoosic River. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 435.2, 686.7 and 920.8 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples were above the Primary Contact Recreation standard, and two of these samples were also above the source tracking trigger. The most likely source of this E. coli is the vast network of sanitary sewer pipes that this brook crosses prior to its confluence with the Hoosic River. This information was relayed to DPW personnel from both Williamstown, where the brook meets the Hoosic River, and North Adams, where most of Paull Brook travels. No further sampling of this site was conducted. This issue is unresolved at this time. Pecks Brook (Figure 6.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is a brook located on the west side of the flood chutes, adjacent to the 90 degree turn in Prospect Street. Samples were taken just upstream of the confluence with the Hoosic River. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 45, 35.9 and

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101.7 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Penniman Brook (Figure 3.) Hoosic River South Branch- Cheshire, MA This site was chosen as a tributary to the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This brook travels from the west side of Rt. 8, eventually emptying into the western side of the Cheshire Swamp. The brook then travels under the Ashuwillticook Rail Trail before joining the Hoosic River. Samples were taken on the west side of the Ashuwillticook Rail Trail immediately prior to the culvert which carries the water under the Ashuwillticook Rail Trail. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 178.5, 44.8 and 104.6 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Phillips Creek (Figure 18.) Hoosic River South Branch- North Adams, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This brook travels from the east side of Ashland Street, joining the Hoosic River northwest of the North Adams Cemetery. Samples were taken immediately prior to confluence with the Hoosic River. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 21.3, 26.9 and 57.1 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Phoenix Dam (Figure 20.) Hoosic River South Branch- North Adams, MA This site was chosen as a follow up to MA DEP testing done 11/15/2007-9/30/2008 (DEP Sample NADMSHOO11). This site is a ~1’ diameter pipe located in North Adams on the west side of the flood chute, directly in front of the former foundation of the Arnold Print Works Phoenix Dam. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions had a E. coli counts of >2419.6, 19863 and 13960 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All of the samples taken were above the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. The North Adams Department of Public Works (DPW) was informed of the findings after the first sample was taken. No further sampling of this site was conducted. The issue is still unresolved at this time. Prospect Street (Figure 6.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen as a screening site for the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is located in Adams in the flood chute, just west of the Rt. 8 Bridge behind Izzy’s Pizza. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 178.9, 50.4 and 88.4 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Quality Street 1-2 (Figure 5.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA These sites were chosen as screening sites for the South Branch of the Hoosic River. These sites are located in Adams, upstream and downstream of the Quality Street Bridge. Six samples

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collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 98.5, 77.1, 55.4, 77.1, 90.8 and 42.8 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of these sites was conducted. Sherman Brook (Figure 24.) Hoosic River Main Stem- North Adams, MA This site was chosen as a tributary to the Main Stem of the Hoosic River. This site is located in North Adams along Massachusetts Ave where the Appalachian Trail turns north into the Clarksburg State Forest. Samples were taken on the south side of Massachusetts Ave immediately upstream of the culvert carrying Sherman Brook under the railroad tracks. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 7.4, 4.1 and 8.5 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. South Brook (Figure 3.) Hoosic River South Branch- Cheshire, MA This site was chosen as a tributary to the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is located on South Brook immediately upstream of the confluence with the Hoosic River, and immediately downstream of the wire fencing that crosses the river. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 59.4, 101.9 and 142.1 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Southwick Brook (Figure 15.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is a small brook located on the north side of Lime Street in Adams. One sample was taken just upstream of the confluence of with the Hoosic River. The sample collected during dry weather conditions produced an E. coli count of 172.3 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). The sample taken was below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted due to low flow levels during subsequent visits. Sparrow Street (Figure 14.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen due to the fact that it was a pipe flowing into the Hoosic River during dry weather conditions. This site is a ~3’ diameter flood control pipe located on the eastern bank of the river adjacent to Albert Reid Field in Adams. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 10, 52 and 12.2 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Sperry Avenue (Figure 21.) Hoosic River North Branch- North Adams, MA This site was chosen due to the fact that it was a pipe flowing into the Hoosic River during dry weather conditions. This site is a ~1’ diameter pipe located on the south wall of the flood chute on the west side of the Eagle Street Bridge in North Adams. One sample collected during dry weather conditions produced an E. coli count of <1 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). The

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sample taken was below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted due to low flow levels during subsequent visits. Spring Street (Figure 8.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen as a screening site for the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is located in Adams in the flood chute, just north of the Spring Street Bridge. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 133.3, 56.3 and 325.5 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger, while one sample was above the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. State Street (Figure 18.) Hoosic River South Branch- North Adams, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is a small stream located on the west side of the Hoosic River immediately south of The Range Driving Range. Samples were taken just upstream of the confluence with the Hoosic River. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 82.3, 54.6 and 41.1 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Sterling Drive (Figure 17.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen as a screening site as a tributary to the South Branch of the Hoosic River. This site is a small brook located ~1000 feet south of Sterling Drive on East Road in Adams. One sample was taken just upstream of the confluence of with the Hoosic River. The sample collected during dry weather conditions produced an E. coli count of 115.3 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). The sample taken was below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted due to low flow levels during subsequent visits. Summer Street 1-5 (Figure 8.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen due to the fact that it was a pipe flowing into the Hoosic River during dry weather conditions. Summer Street 1 is a ~5’ diameter concrete stormwater pipe located in Adams on the east wall of the flood chute between the Spring Street Bridge and the Dean Street Bridge. Upstream of Summer Street 1 is Summer Street 2, which is a large concrete box with a manhole cover access, located in a fenced in park adjacent to the Greylock Apartments parking lot on Dean Street. Upstream of Summer Street 2 is Summer Street 3, which is a large concrete box with a manhole cover access, located on the east side of the fence behind the Greylock Apartments. Summer Street 3 is a smaller pipe, which is a tributary to the larger pipe sampled at Summer Street 1-2 and Summer Street 4-5. Summer Street 4 is manhole cover accessed behind the Big Y loading dock in Adams. Finally, Summer Street 5 is a manhole cover accessed on the southeast corner of the Big Y parking lot. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions at Summer Street 1 had E. coli counts of >2419.6, 7701 and 5475 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). One sample collected during dry weather conditions at Summer

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Street 2 produced an E. coli count of >24196 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). And one sample collected during dry weather conditions at Summer Street 3 produced an E. coli count of >24196 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken between Summer Street 1 and Summer Street 3 were above the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. One sample collected during dry weather conditions at Summer Street 4 and Summer Street 5 produced E. coli counts of 122.2 and <.1 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1) respectively. Both samples taken at Summer Street 4 and 5 were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. The lack of E. coli at Summer Street 4 and 5 points to Summer Street 3 as the main source of bacterial contamination. No further sampling of these sites was conducted. The Adams DPW has been informed of this problem. This issue is unresolved at this time. Tophet Brook 1-2 and Reed Brook 1-4 (Figure 10. and Figure 13.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA These sites were chosen as a follow up to MA DEP testing done on 5/27/2008 and 6/5/2008 (DEP Samples TFTHOO1.0, TFTHOO8.0, TFTHOO8.1, and TFTHOO8.3). These sites are located in Adams on Tophet Brook upstream and downstream of the confluence with Miller Brook, and on Reed Brook upstream and downstream of the Susan B. Anthony Farm located on Walling Road. Located on this farm are many cows, which have uninhibited access to Reed Brook. Additionally, a manure pile is located directly adjacent to Reed Brook. Reed Brook is a tributary of Tophet Brook, and previously found to be a large contributor to the bacterial contamination of Tophet Brook. Two samples collected on Tophet Brook during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 1732.9 and >2419.6 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). Three samples collected during dry weather conditions downstream of the farm produced E. coli counts of 5493, 9804 and 14136 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken downstream of the farm were well above the source tracking and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. One sample (Reed Brook 4) was taken upstream of the farm. This sample collected during dry weather conditions produced an E. coli count of 231 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). The sample taken was below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. The drastic difference in E. coli counts between samples upstream, and those taken downstream of the farm clearly shows that the farm is the source of E. coli contamination in Reed Brook. This issue is unresolved at this time. Versailles Avenue 1-2 (Figure 24.) Hoosic River Main Stem- North Adams, MA These sites were chosen as a follow up to MA DEP testing done on 10/17/2007 (DEP Sample NADMSHOO4 and NADMSHOO7). These sites are located in North Adams across Rt. 2 from Versailles Avenue. Versailles Avenue 2 is the outflow from the wetland on the south side of the Hoosic River, while Versailles Avenue 1 is located in the middle of the Main Stem of the Hoosic River downstream of Versailles Avenue 2. Two samples collected during dry weather conditions produced E. coli counts of 238.2 and 307.6 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). Both samples taken were below the source tracking, and slightly above the Primary Contact Recreation standard. The E. coli counts recorded were in sharp contrast to 2007 DEP testing, in which they

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recorded values of >2,419,600 and >24,196 MPN. No further sampling of these sites was conducted. Vietnam (Figure 21.) Hoosic River North Branch- North Adams, MA This site was chosen due to the fact that it was a pipe flowing into the flood chute of the North Branch during dry weather conditions. This site is a ~3’ square pipe located at the base of the concrete wall west of the Eagle Street Bridge. The North Adams DPW assisted us in attaining these samples due to the fact that we were required to enter the flood control chutes to collect the sample. Two samples collected during dry weather conditions had a E. coli counts of 141.4 and 39.9 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). All samples taken were below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. A third sample was not collected at this location due to the site being identified at the end of the project window, and the difficulty attaining a sample due to its location within the flood chute. Walnut Street (Figure 12.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen as a source tracking site after exceedingly high levels of E. coli were recorded at Alternative Motors 11. This site is an open air stream located on the northwest corner of Greylock Ave and West Walnut Street in Adams. The sample was taken immediately prior to the stream entering an underground pipe. One sample collected during dry weather conditions produced an E. coli count of <.01 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). The sample taken was below the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling of this site was conducted. Winter Street (Figure 9.) Hoosic River South Branch- Adams, MA This site was chosen due to the fact that it was a pipe flowing into the Hoosic River during dry

weather conditions. This site is located in Adams on the west side of the flood chute ~200 feet

south of the Hoosac Street Bridge. Three samples collected during dry weather conditions had

E. coli counts of <1, 1 and <1 MPN per 100 mL sample (Table 1). The samples taken were below

the source tracking trigger and the Primary Contact Recreation standard. No further sampling

of this site was conducted.

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Appendix A

Bacteria Source Tracking Data

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Table 1. Amount of E. coli present in samples collected during 2012 sampling of the Hoosic River Watershed (E. coli counts represented in BOLD exceeded BST Source Tracking

Trigger; data marked with “(Q)” are qualified)

Town Site Name Sample

Number

Sample

Date

Sample

Time

E. coli Count

(MPN per 100

mL Sample)

ADAMS ADAMS POST 1 256 6/19/2012 13:33 <.1

ADAMS ALTERNATIVE MOTORS 1

125 5/21/2012 12:08 770.1

244 6/18/2012 12:49 712

279 6/21/2012 08:19 15531

ADAMS ALTERNATIVE MOTORS 2

245 6/18/2012 12:55 >24196

412 8/9/2012 11:39 1043

469 8/20/2012 15:40 >241960

ADAMS ALTERNATIVE MOTORS 3 415 8/9/2012 11:47 959

ADAMS ALTERNATIVE MOTORS 4 416 8/9/2012 12:00 >2419.6


ADAMS ALTERNATIVE MOTORS 5.5 450 8/17/2012 09:40 >24196


451 8/17/2012 09:53 >24196

ADAMS ALTERNATIVE MOTORS 7 452 8/17/2012 10:03 >24196




468 8/20/2012 15:23 >241960


467 8/20/2012 15:20 1100

ADAMS ALTERNATIVE MOTORS 12 466 8/20/2012 15:07 <.01

NORTH ADAMS ALTON PLACE 1 158 5/29/2012 14:48 1011.2

NORTH ADAMS ASHTON AVE 1 161 5/29/2012 15:10 93.3

CHESHIRE ASHUWILLTICOOK 1

222 6/12/2012 12:08 167.4

329 7/6/2012 12:01 137.6

399 8/1/2012 08:27 290.9

CHESHIRE BASSETT BROOK 1

145 5/25/2012 11:40 18.7

315 7/2/2012 14:54 39.9

318 7/3/2012 07:40 16.1

NORTH ADAMS BOWERMAN CREEK 1 113 5/18/2012 15:30 59.1

WILLIAMSTOWN BRIDGES POND 1

188 6/8/2012 12:16 435.2

377 7/30/2012 14:50 107.6

475 8/21/2012 07:35 410.6

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Number

Sample

Date

Sample

Time

E. coli Count

(MPN per 100

mL Sample)

WILLIAMSTOWN BRIDGES POND 2 378 7/30/2012 15:14

117.8

WILLIAMSTOWN BROAD BROOK 1

184 6/7/2012 15:06 12.2

463 8/20/2012 12:22 8.4

476 8/21/2012 07:58 35.9

ADAMS BURNED HOUSE 1

136 5/24/2012 13:32 38.9

289 6/22/2012 07:43 3.1

304 6/29/2012 10:25 114.5

ADAMS BURNETT FARM 1

361 7/13/2012 10:24 31.7

430 8/14/2012 08:12 344.8 (Q)

464 8/20/2012 13:50 62.4

NORTH ADAMS CANAL STREET 1 199 6/8/2012 14:54 9.8

ADAMS CHEESBRO BROOK 1

118 5/21/2012 11:05 648.8

265 6/20/2012 08:15 1071

281 6/21/2012 08:45 1162

ADAMS CHEESBRO BROOK 2 211 6/11/2012 15:02 461.1

ADAMS CHEESBRO BROOK 3 213 6/11/2012 15:08 686.7

CHESHIRE CHESHIRE RESERVOIR 1

218 6/12/2012 10:20 7.4

325 7/3/2012 09:05 4.1

364 7/23/2012 07:43 186

WILLIAMSTOWN CHRISTMAS BROOK 1

376 7/30/2012 14:25 129.6

439 8/14/2012 12:30 37.9 (Q)

478 8/21/2012 08:30 517.2

ADAMS CHURCH PLACE 1

257 6/19/2012 13:46 8.6

339 7/9/2012 12:33 115.3

387 7/31/2012 08:07 29.2

ADAMS CHURCH PLACE 2

258 6/19/2012 13:53 <1

342 7/9/2012 12:44 2

388 7/31/2012 08:10 <1

CHESHIRE CHURCH STREET 1

221 6/12/2012 11:44 145.5

326 7/3/2012 09:23 579.4

367 7/23/2012 07:50 689.3

NORTH ADAMS CITY HALL 1

151 5/25/2012 14:38 35.9

270 6/20/2012 09:54 1986.3

273 6/21/2012 07:20 488.4

WILLIAMSTOWN COLE AVENUE 1 500 8/23/2012 09:07 2

503 8/24/2012 08:24 2

P a g e | 24


Number

Sample

Date

Sample

Time

E. coli Count

(MPN per 100

mL Sample)

506 8/24/2012 08:38 1

ADAMS COOK STREET 1

246 6/18/2012 13:36 <1

347 7/10/2012 14:14 5.2

426 8/14/2012 07:54 3.1 (Q)

ADAMS COOK STREET 2

247 6/18/2012 13:43 <.1

350 7/10/2012 14:24 <1

427 8/14/2012 07:57 <1

ADAMS COOK STREET 3

248 6/18/2012 13:53 <1

351 7/10/2012 14:37 <1

428 8/14/2012 08:00 <1 (Q)

ADAMS COOK STREET 4 352 7/10/2012 14:30 <1

ADAMS COOK STREET 5 429 8/14/2012 07:40 <1 (Q)

ADAMS CORNER LUNCH 1 403 8/8/2012 09:50 1986.3

NORTH ADAMS COURY AUTO 1

148 5/25/2012 13:23 5.2

267 6/20/2012 08:56 23.1

278 6/21/2012 08:03 105

ADAMS DRY BROOK 1

134 5/24/2012 13:48 60.5

286 6/22/2012 07:35 88.6

305 6/29/2012 10:10 201.4

CHESHIRE DUBLIN ROAD 1

167 6/6/2012 13:38 42.8

312 7/2/2012 12:40 3

323 7/3/2012 08:18 7.3

NORTH ADAMS EAGLE STREET 1 197 6/8/2012 14:28 >24196

510 8/24/2012 09:17 198630

NORTH ADAMS FREIGHT YARD PUB 1

269 6/20/2012 09:45 <1

276 6/21/2012 07:36 <1

299 6/29/2012 09:16 <1

WILLIAMSTOWN GREEN RIVER 1

191 6/8/2012 12:50 36.4

441 8/14/2012 12:57 77.1 (Q)

482 8/22/2012 06:34 79.8


230 6/15/2012 11:10 52

440 8/14/2012 12:43 111.9 (Q)

485 8/22/2012 06:49 191.8


233 6/15/2012 11:25 41.4

437 8/14/2012 12:13 95.9 (Q)

486 8/22/2012 06:58 101.4

P a g e | 25


Number

Sample

Date

Sample

Time

E. coli Count

(MPN per 100

mL Sample)


234 6/15/2012 11:43 28.5

435 8/14/2012 11:55 101.2 (Q)

487 8/22/2012 07:11 90.4


235 6/15/2012 12:08 59.1

434 8/14/2012 11:49 151.5 (Q)

488 8/22/2012 07:20 119.8

WILLIAMSTOWN GREEN RIVER 6 236 6/15/2012 12:28 101.9

WILLIAMSTOWN GREEN RIVER 6 433 8/14/2012 11:37 161.6 (Q)

489 8/22/2012 07:32 128.1


237 6/15/2012 12:48 27.2

432 8/14/2012 11:24 83.6 (Q)

490 8/22/2012 07:47 16

NEW ASHFORD GREEN RIVER 8

238 6/15/2012 13:10 14.5

431 8/14/2012 11:07 60.5 (Q)

491 8/22/2012 08:00 7.5

NORTH ADAMS H.A. GEORGE 1

104 5/18/2012 11:08 30.9

261 6/20/2012 07:09 119.8

283 6/21/2012 10:00 145

CHESHIRE HARBOR ROAD 1

223 6/12/2012 12:41 275.5

332 7/6/2012 12:37 166.4

398 8/1/2012 08:12 204.6

NORTH ADAMS HARRIS STREET 1 195 6/8/2012 13:30 32.4

WILLIAMSTOWN HEMLOCK BROOK 1

182 6/7/2012 14:00 187

460 8/20/2012 11:40 131.4

477 8/21/2012 08:11 325.5

ADAMS HOOSAC STREET 1

227 6/12/2012 13:53 218.7

336 7/6/2012 14:30 387.3

381 7/31/2012 07:30 547.5

ADAMS HOXIE BROOK 1

140 5/24/2012 12:30 209.8

291 6/22/2012 08:00 127.4

302 6/29/2012 09:40 98.8

NORTH ADAMS HUNTERFIELD BROOK 1 419 8/9/2012 13:47 272.3

508 8/24/2012 09:11 290.9

NORTH ADAMS HUNTERFIELD BROOK 2

207 6/11/2012 12:58 79.8

496 8/23/2012 08:14 90.9

507 8/24/2012 09:36 172.3

P a g e | 26


Number

Sample

Date

Sample

Time

E. coli Count

(MPN per 100

mL Sample)

ADAMS IZZY'S 1 404 8/8/2012 10:35 8.6

CHESHIRE KITCHEN BROOK 1

157 5/29/2012 12:49 16

309 7/2/2012 12:21 35

324 7/3/2012 08:29 32.3

ADAMS LEONARD STREET 1

360 7/13/2012 09:52 116.9

392 8/1/2012 07:45 98.7

405 8/8/2012 13:16 56.5

ADAMS LEONARD STREET 2

224 6/12/2012 13:02 488.4

333 7/6/2012 12:50 51.2

395 8/1/2012 07:52 112.4

WILLIAMSTOWN LINEAR PARK 1

375 7/30/2012 14:21 172.6

438 8/14/2012 12:35 1553.1 (Q)

479 8/21/2012 08:26 178.5

ADAMS MILLER BROOK 1 132 5/24/2012 11:25 111.9

NORTH ADAMS MR. TIRE 1

149 5/25/2012 12:50 193.5

268 6/20/2012 09:14 122.3

277 6/21/2012 07:48 149.7

NORTH ADAMS NOEL FIELD 1 209 6/11/2012 13:28 >2419.6

NORTH ADAMS NOTCH BROOK 1

159 5/29/2012 14:09 178.5

368 7/23/2012 14:15 55.7

499 8/23/2012 08:29 46.4

WILLIAMSTOWN PAULL BROOK 1

178 6/7/2012 12:59 435.2

374 7/30/2012 15:51 686.7

472 8/21/2012 07:11 920.8

ADAMS PECKS BROOK 1

138 5/24/2012 12:50 45

290 6/22/2012 07:53 35.9

303 6/29/2012 09:57 101.7

CHESHIRE PENNIMAN BROOK 1

164 6/6/2012 12:40 178.5

314 7/2/2012 13:44 44.8

321 7/3/2012 08:05 104.6

NORTH ADAMS PHILLIPS CREEK 1

106 5/18/2012 11:40 21.3

264 6/20/2012 07:27 26.9

282 6/21/2012 09:45 57.1

NORTH ADAMS PHOENIX DAM 1

150 5/25/2012 14:50 >2419.6

292 6/22/2012 08:18 19863

293 6/22/2012 08:18 13960

P a g e | 27


Number

Sample

Date

Sample

Time

E. coli Count

(MPN per 100

mL Sample)

ADAMS PROSPECT STREET 1

225 6/12/2012 13:20 178.9

334 7/6/2012 13:10 50.4

389 7/31/2012 08:20 88.4

ADAMS QUALITY STREET 1

359 7/13/2012 09:20 98.5

396 8/1/2012 07:58 77.1

408 8/8/2012 13:33 55.4

ADAMS QUALITY STREET 2

356 7/13/2012 09:27 77.1

397 8/1/2012 08:04 90.8

409 8/8/2012 13:35 42.8

ADAMS REED BROOK 1 169 6/6/2012 14:43 5493

ADAMS REED BROOK 2 171 6/6/2012 14:55 9804

ADAMS REED BROOK 3 173 6/6/2012 15:13 14136

ADAMS REED BROOK 4 175 6/6/2012 15:25 231

NORTH ADAMS SHERMAN BROOK 1

160 5/29/2012 15:30 7.4

371 7/30/2012 15:37 4.1

493 8/22/2012 08:29 8.5

CHESHIRE SOUTH BROOK 1

155 5/29/2012 12:15 59.4

313 7/2/2012 13:10 101.9

322 7/3/2012 08:10 142.1

ADAMS SOUTHWICK BROOK 121 5/21/2012 11:30 172.3

ADAMS SPARROW STREET 1

249 6/18/2012 14:02 10

353 7/10/2012 14:46 52

423 8/14/2012 07:43 12.2 (Q)

NORTH ADAMS SPERRY AVENUE 1 193 6/8/2012 14:39 <1

ADAMS SPRING STREET 1

226 6/12/2012 13:38 133.3

335 7/6/2012 14:05 56.3

385 7/31/2012 07:50 325.5

NORTH ADAMS STATE STREET 1

147 5/25/2012 12:18 82.3

266 6/20/2012 08:28 54.6

280 6/21/2012 09:07 41.1

ADAMS STERLING DRIVE 1 115 5/18/2012 16:00 115.3

ADAMS SUMMER STREET 1

255 6/19/2012 12:51 >2419.6

343 7/9/2012 13:52 7701

386 7/31/2012 07:55 5475

ADAMS SUMMER STREET 2 449 8/17/2012 08:50 >24196

ADAMS SUMMER STREET 3 448 8/17/2012 08:15 >24196

P a g e | 28


Number

Sample

Date

Sample

Time

E. coli Count

(MPN per 100

mL Sample)

ADAMS SUMMER STREET 4 447 8/17/2012 08:00 122.2

ADAMS SUMMER STREET 5 444 8/17/2012 07:51 <.1

ADAMS TOPHET BROOK 1 123 5/21/2012 13:22 1732.9

ADAMS TOPHET BROOK 2 129 5/24/2012 11:35 >2419.6

NORTH ADAMS VERSAILLES AVENUE 1 204 6/11/2012 12:02 238.2

NORTH ADAMS VERSAILLES AVENUE 2 241 6/18/2012 11:54 307.6

NORTH ADAMS VIETNAM 1 420 8/9/2012 13:55 141.4

509 8/24/2012 19:16 39.9

ADAMS WALNUT STREET 1 465 8/20/2012 14:50 <.01

ADAMS WINTER STREET 1

252 6/19/2012 12:20 <1

344 7/9/2012 14:25 1

384 7/31/2012 07:40 <1

P a g e | 29

Appendix B

Bacteria Source Tracking Maps

P a g e | 30

Figure 1. Hoosic River Watershed

P a g e | 31

Cheshire Reservoir

Kitchen Brook

Church Street

Figure 2 (Cheshire, MA)

P a g e | 32

South Brook

Ashuwilticook

Penniman

Dublin Road


P a g e | 33

Bassett Brook

Harbor Road


P a g e | 34

Quality Street 2

Quality Street 1

Leonard Street 1

Leonard Street 2

Dry Brook

Burned House

Figure 5 (Adams, MA)

P a g e | 35

Pecks Brook

Izzy’s

Prospect Street


P a g e | 36

Adams Post

Church Place 1

Church Place 2


P a g e | 37

Summer Street 1

Summer Street 2

Summer Street 5 Summer Street 3Summer Street 4

Spring Street

Corner Lunch


P a g e | 38

Hoxie Brook

Hoosac Street

Winter Street


P a g e | 39

Tophet Brook 1

Tophet Brook 2

Miller Brook


P a g e | 40

Alternative Motors 1







P a g e | 41



Alternative Motors 8Alternative Motors 9




Walnut Street


P a g e | 42

Reed Brook 1

Reed Brook 2

Reed Brook 3

Reed Brook 4


P a g e | 43

Cook Street 2

Cook Street 1

Sparrow Street

Cook Street 4

Cook Street 3

Cook Street 5


P a g e | 44

Southwick Brook


P a g e | 45

Cheesbro Brook 1

Cheesbro Brook 3

Cheesbro Brook 2

Burnett Farm 1


P a g e | 46

Sterling Drive

Bowerman Creek

Figure 17 (North Adams, MA)

P a g e | 47

State Street

Phillips Creek

Coury Auto


P a g e | 48

H.A. George

Mr. Tire

Noel Field


P a g e | 49

Freight Yard Pub

City Hall

Phoenix Dam


P a g e | 50

Canal Street

Eagle Street

Sperry Avenue

Vietnam


P a g e | 51

Hunterfield Brook 1

Hunterfield Brook 2

Harris Street


P a g e | 52

Alton Place

Notch Brook


P a g e | 53

Sherman Brook

Versailles Avenue 2

Versailles Avenue 1

Ashton Avenue


P a g e | 54

Paull Brook

Figure 25 (Williamstown, MA)

P a g e | 55

Green River 8

Green River 7

Figure 26 (New Ashford & Williamstown, MA)

P a g e | 56

Green River 6

Green River 5

Green River 4


P a g e | 57

Green River 3

Christmas Brook

Linear Park


P a g e | 58

Green River 2

Green River 1


P a g e | 59

Bridges Pond 2

Bridges Pond 1

Cole Avenue


P a g e | 60

Hemlock Brook

Broad Brook


Documents

HOOSIC RIVER WATERSHED 2012 BACTERIAL SOURCE TRACKING PROJECT · mitigate the sources found. As part of this project, the BRPC retained the services of the Massachusetts College of