Hooliganism• Teacher : Befa Olympia• Class : E6 / 1st year of

senior high school• Number of students

involved:4• Age of students:15• Years of learning

English: 7

• Aims and Objectives: Our aim was to inform people about the cause and consequences of Hooliganism.

• Our objectives to build up our language skills, analyze data and cooperate with each other were totally fulfilled.

Hooliganism

What is hooliganism?

• Hooliganism is an irrational and violent behavior caused by the fanatism that hooligans have for their sport teams .

When did hooliganism start?• One of the earliest known

instances of crowd violence at a sporting event took place in ancient Constantinople. Two chariot racing factions, the Blues and the Greens, were involved in the Nika riots which lasted around a week in 532 AD; nearly half the city was burned or destroyed, in addition to tens of thousands of deaths.

Conflicts

• Conflict may take place before, during or after matches. Participants often select locations away from stadium to avoid arrest by the police, but conflict can also erupt spontaneously inside the stadium or in the surrounding streets.

Hooligans and racism• Hooligans are not only

sport – fans but also Neo Nazism fans. That is why in many cases hooligans are singing racism friendly slogans.

Consequences

• Shop windows may be smashed, rubbish bins set on fire, and police cars may be overturned. In extreme cases, hooligans, police, and bystanders have been killed, and body- armored riot police have intervened with tear gas , police dogs , armored vehicles and water cannons .

Anti-Hooligan measures• Police and civil authorities in various

countries with hooligan problems have taken a number of measures, including:

• banning items that could be used as weapons s

• banning identified hooligans from stadia,

• moving to all-seated stadia, which reduces the risk of disorderly crowd movement

• banning opposing fans from matches and/or ordering specific matches to be played behind closed doors

• compiling registers of known hooligans• restricting the ability of known

hooligans to travel overseas.

Heysel 1985• Approximately 1 hour before the

Juventus-Liverpool final was due to kick off, a large group of Liverpool fans breached a fence separating them from a "neutral area" which contained mostly Juventus fans. The latter ran back on the terraces and away from the threat into a concrete retaining wall. Fans who seated near the wall were crushed; eventually the wall collapsed. Many people climbed over to safety, but many others died or were badly injured. The game was played despite the disaster in order to prevent further violence.(39 dead and 600 injured)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2qDWaBcZD4

• Bakolas George• Somalakidis Marios• Pantelakis Paul• Gerou Odysseas