,

ISSN 1321-1579

co

by ern^^ of the Australiaa Parliament in the course of their officiad duties.

, 199

this Paper are those of the Service and are not to be

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

.I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

th nci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

lectio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Inves trnent o r a t i o ~

inese

irect F o r e i ~ Investment

ederation of Trade

ross Domestic

I n t e ~ a t i o n a l ovenant on

tio

ess

ort

i la ti on

ea

rice

ita

.O per cent (1993)

xports fob (incl. r ~ - e x p o ~ s ) $135.3 billion (19

ports eif

S$3.5 billion (1993)

illion 1. S

millio

illi

on has ent.

ces has put a premium on the urces, and education is now a maj

prior it^.

gest trading economy in the consisting of re-exports.

The rapid increase in the volume of trade has placed increasing

terminal faciliti~s are current ong's i n f r~ t ruc tu re , a new airport an

under development.

ati

hina accounts for t

other's largest t ~ a d i ~ of the other's trade

hina with most of it

rin me

~ntimate econ

i on

been p r o ~ e s s i ~ e l y ~ o d i ~ e d at the edges by submitting some of the ome form of election.

.. In 1985, for the first time, some of the Legco seats were subject functional constituencies and an

elected seats t v ~ r ~ ~ e n t in 1988 until

n a n ~ e n ~ n c j ~ e n t of June ~989 was a watershed in the tics of transition

ts and infrastructure

.. The negative r~action of the

iii

ich covered fina

embers. .. The election results were an over~helming victo

efeat for the pro- chin^ organisations. na's suspicions, particularly as the major winner whose leaders it had branded as 'subversivest*

n's

ent reflected a change of emphasis in ong towards increase acceleration of the ~ r o c e s s

of democratisation.

The object of package was to representative together with the

pal Councils) within the parameters set by the terms of eclaration and the Basic Law, through the introductio~

of s ingle-s e at constituencies manipulation of 9 newly-creatd the franchise to the enti votin

irectly-elected members, t ional cons t i tu~~cies to exte

rce, and lowering the

iv

ever, there were indications that both dom sought to cooperate on the urgent practical with the transfer of sovereignty, as indicated by

after a seven the resum~tion of plena meetings of the JL

as sought to explain the ~ a t u r e of his reforms official visits to

ustr~l ia .

market.

estination for gest source of fo

on trade in s e r ~ c e s

out about

o v e r ~ ~ e n t supports amme consistent

Law.

1

ect of this transfer of sover two s o v e r e i ~ powers

articipate in the negotiat

is that it was

the opinion as the outcorn

The transition in oreover, is cornplicate~ by the fact that

to a market- . These p ro foun~ changes have ant political

egirne as it seeks to ~ a ~ a g e ~conornic social stability and the ensions between these as evidenced by the

er, is itself in the throes of ves from a centrally planned ec

implications for the reform while, at th

nanrnen Incident of June 1989, They have also been complic

t the same time su t r a n s ~ o r ~ a t i o n and

omes and full em

this level for 1994?

ctural change of the

ndustries (trade, finance, business), which obs by the manufact

13 per cent of Hon

strain on the

his transition from. manufacturing to services has been achieved and without the mass une

ch have characterise e have, in effect, mo other mature econ0m.i

terms of how e earn our living.

r ~ m e n t planning

educat io~ on1

pects of the services sector is that of 93, accounted for almost 10 per cent of ching the size of the manufactu *

derives its global promine e are a total of 1'74 licens

ch include representati the major forei ng banking system

are the fourth largest in the world (after those of Japan, the United

e ~ f t e e n t h in the world.''

espite this pheno financial system has been a recurrent concern.

in dio

n~er takes central banking ong Kong dollar and the

i~stitutions. l5

comfortably ahead of Taiwan (ranked fourteenth). years there has been

o v e ~ ~ e n t cons ven the fact that

lex network of

ows between the two economies.

out a third of trade between Won e m s or an average

llion in 1992 (up from ove the o v e ~ ~ e l m i n ~

ince 1978 re- e terms or at

t of its direct for

other ex~ort-related services. This economic cooperation h

facilitated .26

cess which has enabled g of its economy away

red on services, and to do so

to undertake the majo ased on manufacturin

out the major economic

eveloped economies. economy with that of

a has also become a major investor i conglomerates which have invest

de China ~ e r c h a n t s '

r of companies a f ~ l i a t

tual (i

forbidden to engage in p r o p e ~ y spe~ulation.~'

listings, and it is believed that su ion of capitalization to the local sto

market, or abut 1.7 per cent of the current capitalization.

espite this desire by some to seek listing on the Hong exchange, many others seek to 'shelf companies listed on the use to transfer assets from the they are able to raise equity

oid full disclosure by buying up sma ng Kong exchange which they then ent state enterprise. a1 abroad ~ i t h o u t h

ds of accounting, which is inc are listed on the exchange.

n t on those Chinese

for potential investors to ma

over the annual

fails to renew its

China on the continuatio~ of overnment beyond 1997, when

adminis trative

would 'enjoy a high degree le~s la t ive and independent

however, has occu laws and the adaptation o

this adaptation, the thews, noted in October I

20th meeting in September 1991 the JLG agreed in principle to the establishment of a Court of Final Appeal, consisting of four local judges and one overseas judge. In an unprecedented move, however, the

cil rejected the subseque there needed to be p e a

growing political a over

Lions of the secon terms of the Join

been much more low-key than t r importance to the socio-e posed of three officials fro amount of new leases of land granted by the Hong Kong

vernment, which is limited to 50 hectares a year excluding land ority for public housing. All

rnrnent and the

ich are conferre ome and may b

and before the coming of democracy and the rise sible to parliament ... If he to him up to its full limits

is a r b i t r a ~ will on the whole machin olicies, and set the ~ o v e ~ ~ e n t , com~letely revers

colony in turmoil.52

a1 developments since

e core of a stron ere that it is preci

nt desires the

public was not sought by the negotiations with

to a referendum.

consensus am

approach was an implicit recognition on the part o

other e l e ~ e n t in this strate arefully manage emQcratisatio nce, a s y s t ~ ~

d the advantage of taking account of the that the future

elections - half by an Electoral College and half by fu~ct ional ~Qnstituencies representin ofessional and busines Functional representation, e opinion of one

uccessfully limite onomic elites while at the same time e that all sections of the community nment's control of Legco, moreover,

s consisted of o

c debate over the 8 Legco elections. ubject of a review

to acrimonious debate ween business and conservative interests (represented by

mmittee on t

~ s i n e s s an

which represents the interests of the Chinese g and is subordinate to the State Council's Hong Kong and irs Office in Beijing. The NCNf!l was able to utilise various

Kong, such as the left-wing ng Po (whose editorials reflect

constituency seats in the

the same time

ng members to the Basic Law Drafting Committee and 180 members to the consultative committee.61

he 's united front tactics in ong, however, suffere

the constructio~ of ent of direct elections

upp port of the Patriotic MC) which succeeded in

mocrats of Hon

began agitation for greater democracy and further olitical reforms in .63 ~ o n c e ~ n for democracy was

unn, an i n~uen t i a l member of Exc

oreover, the uno

o v e r n ~ e n t for it

out the future (75

ng to emigrate in 1989/9~. According to statistics compiled in , 66 per cent of accountants and 52 per cent of architects stated

eij ing, there fore ng governments in a dilemma. To demonstrate its shock and

joined with other members of the nity in imposing sanctions on China, months its participation in the work of the J

0th governments, nevertheless, desired to maintain some degree of co-operation with the nese authorities. This position was reinforced by the concern the Hong Kong ~ o ~ e r n m e n t that it might lose control of public order if the huge demonstrations i

commitment to the ~ o i n t

nt, therefore, supporte ocratic base of the Legco

tionality question

divisive issues

1 in

state, and which over which that covers residents of a territo

acce~tability of this ~ocument is moot.

or i n ~ u ~ a n treatment, no

o v e ~ ~ e n t also sought to olster economic lti-billion dollar

provide Hong Kong with a new airport at to greatly expand the container capacity of

i n f r a s t ~ c t u r e d

ng Kong's port by ~ui lding two new container te 9. The scheme was announced

in his policy address in. Octobe investment in infr

etails can be found in the first sect

~ t i c ~ a t i o ~ OSl

The negative reaction of the ong population to the Tiananmen

athy for the students was also prevalent among the itself, as indicated by the 'retirement' to the United

e course o

Legco. In the event a p r o ~ s i o n (Article added to the Basic egco can hold foreign

most co~tentious issue, h icularly the measures for

een the airport project China was furious th

had not been consulted on such a major project which wen ons for the finances of the future

idn't say a wor about it, let alone negotiatio learnt about it through the news 85

the event the

lat~v lectio

1 were a landmark in the Kong. They represented the beginnings

ect elections. This ion of the political

system.

ority of the seats in Legco, its ability to

eo and he exercised thi

I991 elections, perhaps, is that

e ~ p h ~ i s e d a Hong Kong perspective pportunity, it overwhel~ingly endorse

d were critical of he more interes

conservatives w er cent of the vote for directly-elected constituencies

for this low vote n revised since 1

te; there had been no s y s t e ~ a t i c drive by the

ah to EXCO, and Chinese officials began to cast doubt on the so-called 'through train' (by which Legco members elected in the 1995 e ~ e ~ t i o n s would see out their four year term to 1999) by stating that those

hina would not be ected Legco members who were not acceptable t lowed to retain their seats after 1997.'*

it the results of th

ctions in 1995. Although velopment of political pa

recognised that this was cle 1991 elections, and in Janua penly encouraged the pro-

themselves into political parties. organisations created a form

-e~tab~ishment conservative

ion in the terr

and of engagement by the population in the political the remaining years of the transition to 1997 and

beyond. The expectation being that, once such s t~uctures are in place in the political process, it will

te their threats, to ch ous instability in the

lation is actively invol cult for the Chinese, d

997 without creatin the same time, of ten seeks to avo

vernment becoming a "lame duck'' administration in the p 1997.

ike his predecessors, w ina specialists ('sinologi minence in the 1980s breed of 'Thatcherite

ries'. He is very clos power in the United played a key role

in developing the strategy which, against the odds, gave the Party victory in the April 1992 General Election, despite the fact that he lost

* t which Prime

sh Prime ~ i n i s t e r , source of s t r e n ~ h serious liability for

all political parties in the

e", modelled on th ter ~ a r l i a ~ e n t , an

rectly on a range of policy issues.

he centre-piece of Patte

f o r ~ a r d the process of d e ~ o c r a t i s a t i o ~ duri ong under British rnber 1994), for th

functional constituencies, and 10 members returned by an election committee.'" In other words, under this scheme, only a third of

co members would be subject to open, direct elections,

atten's proposals, therefore, are an attempt to gco elections in 19 and so make it more

single-seat constituencies e

n the issue of the 'thro se authorities should apply o allegiance to th when confirmin eyond 1997.

93, the Legco vote the other hand, t

serious political crisis in

this and published the exchange of relevant letters by the foreign

e arms of government in wished to take over a s

ontinued to refuse t the same time ~ h i n a

ish intentions, and regarded Patten's

r ~aintaining its i n ~ u e n ~ e in

rnent proceeded with a lished the Preliminary

OV Committee of the

r the first post-1997

eless, the conduc s operations could lead to confusio

ecure a legislative council le, which isn't simply a

stamp?1°

In the same i n t e ~ i e w atten indicated that another major lators elected in the 1995 elections

h rule) could serve their full four-year term lled 'through train',

to be the Joint asic Law and 'the

hed', which the Chinese he degree of mistrust eat, however, that no

ds held over ten 3. At the outset

(a) that the 'e~ecutive-led' political structure should be maintai~ed in before 1997 in order 'to conve~ge' with t

(b> political organs', therefore, 'their fun~tions shall

so shall be the method of their

ssues, and were not im itish, nevertheless,

discussion during the ninth rou ich proposed cutting the

illion (constituting the out 900 000, and mee ese conce r~s

osition of the Election Committee. On this latter oposed a four-part committee - three elected by ctional constituencies, similar to the Chinese

e it differed was in excluding Congress and the Ch

e of a single transferable vote to elect the 1-0 Legco owever, dismissed the modified plan out

essentially the 'Patten proposal in

vist who sought to to China after tes for tuberculosis, refused entry

by the Chinese aut~ori t ies and finally had his passport revoked by the ually stateless. Both Sir vernor Patten suggested f both international la

ine the confidence o er 1997. This elicit ent who accused t

overnment of 'interference' in China's affairs. l4

e opposed any suggestion that any oath should be d that Legco ~oliticians could be penalised

It therefore ~roposed, in round sixteen, olitical actions. ~ e ~ s l a t i v e Council h which emphasised hat the criteria in the oath of allegiance s Id be forward-lookin The Chinese side, however, did ot respond to the i~itiative.

ingPost, had hinted th sals even if there

with China, a point he reiterated during his press tember."' In the event tabled his reform proposals in stages. The first bill tab 10 December covered the 'more

urgent' issues related to the 19 elections, and lowered the vot

ict Board and o 18 and aboli

inute attempts to postpone ay Patten tabled

gco electoral groups, notably the Liberal d m ~ n t s , informed

votes

t the same time China h proceeded with its policy of broadenin united front strategy to include consultations with liberal parties

0 district leaders to serve

eng observed in his

This c o ~ ~ i t t e e [the P heavy responsibilities~

ossible number of Ho stablishment of the H

hope it will unite with the largest

first government and its legislature. In this way they will prove worthy of their trust and live up to the expe~tations of the people of the whole ~ 0 u n t r y . l ~ ~

i also, for the rst time, referred to olonial rule' an saying that it would

The tenor of this speech toget

f the t ransi t io~.

ould then become ers of the liberal

China has subjected those

one of its Hon affairs advisers. This action has caused

r/October 1993 of t

in. China and is an

free do^ in the territo

which meshes China's political structure opportunities with Hong Kong's comme

c o n ~ ~ a t i o n hearin

congressional committee that the question of Hong Kong was a 'human rights issue' of great importance to the United States and promised to

a1 visit to Beijing later that question have

of following

the Chinese duri uch views on the

c~usation§, however, th does have a given the level of foreign plays as an international

financial centre and regional entrepot. The situation is complicated further by the renewed intere Western nations with the demise of

r in promoti mocratic values as a l e ~ t i m a t e

a market. The ng, with over 1000 me

n~ition

~ r o ~ e r t y , ins~rance), Dairy Fa Is), Hutchin~on

electrical switches) e

Trade in service has ~ o u ~ i s h e d in rece Australia's fifth argest market for ser Australia's trade in. services with

smooth transition in the i ~ t e r e s t s of regional stability a

that the current confrontation m should not inhibit their

is evident that those proposals continue to command clear majority support within Hong Kong, then we think The important point to emphasise to China,

viability as an accountable, open, rule-based regional commercial helpful in securing

and financial centre after 1997 - and China has eve that happening. 134

t a certain schizophrenic ng’s future over the last conomists, loo

integration with a booming Chinese optimistic about the territory’s future. This mood was reflected in a survey of delegates to a conference organised by the Far Eastern

on the whole, ve

ad either a “ve er cent believe

in competitive China, and 88 ected to stay after 1997.”’

Political scientists? liberal politicians and some journalists, on the other at the breakdown of political cooperation between

hina, and questions of civil liberties and freedom of speech, are much less sanguine about the future.

ublic appear to have adopted a wait-and-see present economic benefits of business

e time, many of communist stat e

ty of life. The fact about the prospects o

and the implications this might hold for their that large number the children of re

population consists of refuge unist rule either in 1

relatives abroad, mainly in . The major motive for on personal freedom. The ndents who wanted either

the past couple of years because of

professionals from Hong Kong could take place in 1996.13' Even in the buoyant services sector confidence remains fragile.

ritish cooperation is not eration is resumed, and there is little likelihood of

sibility of serious i~stability in the ng now faces the prospect of the

system, which in 1997~ This

unsupportable, strain on the e same time with no, or a t best

introduction of a p

in ti~n

in the r e ~ a i n i n sought to discuss

he civil ~ervice. '~'

ere some indications that both China anted to improve co-operation on the

economic and strategic ecific issue of political

was also an urgent in the transfer of en held up by the ed sources the t

ted from Lu nhua of~c ia l

that:

wide range of a broad cross- and I think it is fair eration with Britain

section of people in Hong Kong duri to say the consensus of opinion was

if a stable transition was to be achieved."'

ustralia and the Pacific,

o discuss non-

centre, and at the same time to

skills and expertise for foreign entrepreneurs doing business with the Hong Kong SAR becomes fully inte

nomy and as the financial and commercial ome more fully developed, foreign

a1 directly with their counterparts in thout necessarily incu r r in~ the additional

r ~ e d i a r i e ~ . The challenge s, is to develop new s t r a t e ~ e ~ to ensure

its continuing economic prosperity and utility to hina in the changed environment after 1997.

In this regard it might be noted that both of the leading American

it nevertheless would probably en

in x on

7.

overnment I n f o ~ a t i o n

18.

Hong Kong T ~ a ~ ~ Su pher 6 0

Address).

Hong Kong 1993:

nual1994: 19.

h: 10; Hong Kong Busin tariat . Financial Servi

1994 Economic Prospec March 1994: 12.

. Cheng and Paul rt 1992, Hong Kong: The Chinese

. Ray Heath, Tnd nic', South ~ h i n ~ Morning Post, 19 1994.

1 view of 1992: 60; ewett, Zxchange enters the ~ i n g ~ ~ ~ , 8 March 1994.

netary and Financial Affairs', in Choi ng and Ho hk-sang, e Chinese University 9; Noel Fung, Yam

skilled staff, South

Other Hang Kong &prt 1993, 93: 95-97; Hong Kong Business

time: money ~ u t h o r i ~ faces n g P ~ ~ 13 Janu

et S

a South China Research companies had a total of cities. The bulk of these pa~icularly Guangdong ,5 billion) and Shanghai and their IEK$ China

investments are:

123.70 billion 38.89 billion 13.00 billion 1 1.55 billion 11.00 billion 7.69 billion 4.40 billion

f u ~ h e r company shoul be ent ti on^, China Light and Power 1.00 billion investment the Daya Bay nuclear power plant, Gua

just begun supplying power to the Hong Kong electricity grid.

ource: Mark Sharp, 'Hopewell tops investor league', The ~ o n g ~ o n g s ~ n d a ~ , 5August 1993.

. Carl Goldstein, 'South China: resisting the centre', Far Economic view, 2 September 1993: 44.

Hong rt on 1993

n Cheung, 'Pearl River elta develop~ent', in C ~ i n a 1993: 18.7-18.1 1.

. Tang

Inc.: China's mil rofit offe~ive ' , Far

ing

1.

omon smiles on new S h o u ~ n g , South 8 February 1994; Carl Goldstein, : China's Shougang builds a Hong Kong empire', Far Eastem w, 10 February 1994: 54-55; Craig S. Smith, 'China's new industrial barons accountable to nobody:

an Wdl Street

ry C. 'Y. Ho, 'The state of the economy', Kong Report 1993: 7

Choi Po-king and I-Io 6; Estimates of Gmss

Product 1966 to 1993: 64.

: 21.

'Government contemplates contingency trade plan N looks to Russia, Vietnam', South China MorningPosf, 18 March

1994.

. Jonathan Friedland, TUS set for big policy ng, 'China gloats over

ca and China: Clinton's

than h u m a ~ rights', The S u n ~ a y Times, 2

on China', The Guardian, 27 privileges', The Guardian, 28 -turn makes strategic sense',

th Peking more i ~ p o ~ n t

ng, 'China gloats over new U egest, The ~ u a ~ i a n , 28

ritain from China in th

overnment under the t e r n respective ) Convention of Beijing,

includes the largest part of th

otiations and t London: John

's ublic

17: Sin o - ~ ~ t i s ~ Join t reads as follous:

The Joint Liaison Group shall organ for liaison and not an organ of I It shall play no part

ong Kong Special A d ~ n ~ t ~ t i v e Region. The members and supportin staff of the Joint Liaison Group shall only conduct activities within the "ope of the functions of the Joint Liaison Group.

e must lay down the law to avoid a "Black 7 October 1993. Aecording to official

i n k out, eighty of t to lapse in 1997,

effective figure of thirty.

47. 'Action ur in race to lift threat of legal chaos', Hong Kong Standad 1 October 1993.

ncy has put our laws in a vacuum', South China ~ o ~ i ~ Louise do Rosario, 'Matters of urgency: the the details', Far Eas Economic Review,

1994. As Governor Patten put it to a conference in arch 1994, 'Xf we cannot complete this work before June 30 1997, we will be left with damaging gaps in the law.'

The Joint ration. Annex nd in : 265-266.

1. tent and I n s t ~ ~ t i o n s to the to June 1991): 3-5;

an t i0

7.

membership returned by slowly increased until by 198 f i t s membership of

statutory bodies on a temtory-wide basis, were returned constituencies. Voter turnout for the

District Boards:

manag@~@nt of d

cott (1989): 269.

The Hong Kon n ~ t i v e ment in Hong Kon (February 1994): 7-8.

: 28.

Joseph Cheng Yu-shek and ng: The Chinese ~ ~ v e r s i t y

ners: 37-38; Donald Hugh development of Hong Kong: and Michael E. DeGolyer,

unification of China, Hong 1 - the last year of choice?', in One Culture, Many Systems:

ottrell: 187,

8. In the event the loss of trained pm not been as significant a problem as first a return to the territory of large numbers o Kong people with ports. This develop reflects both the 'push' factor of the co ion in the deve

and there has, in fa

Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom, and Hong Kong and China, despite ee the previous sections on the e n ~ ~ n ~ e n t . For d

economy.

rad

fferty, City on the : Hong Kong% Uncertain Futu Penguin, 1991: 521.

eral Guide to the Final Phase of the e [1993]: 3; Cradock: 236;

FO in

ng ides 1-23.

in tion

7 ;uU on Hon 1994): 9.

February 1994; John F~nk- eyes, ' looking for the fax', South China Morning Post, 9 March 1994; Louis Ng, Viiagers in land rights protest', South China Morning Post, 22 March 1994;

n, 'Kuk points finger at Loh', South China Momng inton Chan, Behind the battle of the sexes', Sunday

Morning Post, 27 March 1994.

Lianhe Bao, 1993, 2 vols. V.2: 367-370.

tive Region shall enact laws of its own reason, secession, sedition, s u b v ~ ~ i o n against the

Central People's Government, or theft of s crets, to prohibit foreign political organizations or bodies from cond political activities in the Region, and to prohibit political organizations or bodies of the Region from establishing ties with foreign political organizations or bodies, [Emphasis added].

nda Choy, 'Beijing move to axe

n Cheung, Z u clai co-operation in 1989', South China

orandurn of ~ n d e ~ ~ n d i n g ~ o ; u the c o ~ t ~ c t i o n of the eptember 1991, New Airport in Hong Kong and

G.

: 117; len: 6; Cradock: 242-243.

the l a t~v cil', i

ation andida

14

Federation

1 Trade Unions New Hong Kong Alliance

1

1 tion 1

Trades Union Council 1

nden 15 ---

source: Scott (199

1

1

0

0 0 0

0

0 0

---

1. Scott (1992): 8.

ina

in tion

O M t iom Between To and Beyond 1997,

tive ment in ~ o n g ~ o n

of the ~ o n g ~ o n g A d ~ i ~ t ~ ~ v e Region (4 A p d 1990): 68.

~ o v ~ ~ m e n ~ in Hong Kong ( F e b ~ a ~ 1994): 29-30.

Facts About a Few Elmt

Talks on 1994/95

Fan ~ ~ e u k - ~ a n , anel', South China 1993; Lu Ping, Post, 4 July 1993.

y in pre-'97 budgets', South

" i n a p p ~ p ~ a ~ n ' , Th

'Qu~ t ion of honour', Far Eask view, 1 April 1993.

Kong ~ e b ~ a ~ 19941, p.11; Fa o - ~ ~ t ~ h Talks on 1 9 ~ / 9 ~ Elmto

Talks on 1994/95

t 9

1.18.

of 28

for reforms: bid Post, 24 Februa

Legidative Council @leeto endment) Bill 1

1994.

1994.

and Shiny Li, 'China t gPost, 11 March 19

full support behind PW

ary Binks, 'Academic warns of chaos before 1997', The 1994. The analyst is Dr Joseph Cheng Y Standad 18 Feb

City Polytechnic

uise do Rosario, New alignments: merger of parties stren pro- ocracy forces', Far Eastern Economic ~ ~ ' e w , 12 May 1994.

133.

134.

onat e ne 993:

Far Eastern E ~ n o ~ i c ~ ~ * e ~ , 13 May 1

Simon Beck, 'US to forms with Beijing', South China Morning f 4 March 1994.

Senator the Hon. Gareth ia S o c i ~ ~ , Hong Kang,

1994: 10.

nce shrugs off 1997', Far

fter Lu Ping visit: survey shows ay 1994; in the eo

Eastern Emnomk Review, 19 May 1994.

'China takeover may tri odus in calony, poll says', The Asian treet Journal, 2 April 1994.

Doreen Cheung and Linda Choy, 'Uni th China ~ ~ ~ i n g Post, 3

h out at ban on contact with ry 1994; Linda Choy, 'Panel

Post, 6 January officials', South China 1994:

23

lyth, Tush for ei ants', Easte

and Geoffrey C ~ t h ~ , 'Behind the smiles',

ti

en off e atch na