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Hominin Evolution. Continued . Learning Objectives. 1. Describe the anatomical features of the Nariokotome boy 2. Identify the geographical areas where H. erectus fossils have been found, and the first fossil site outside of Africa. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Hominin EvolutionCONTINUED
Learning Objectives 1. Describe the anatomical features of the Nariokotome boy 2. Identify the geographical areas where H. erectus fossils have been found, and the first fossil site outside of Africa.
3. Describe the unique anatomical features of the Neanderthals.
4. Describe the latest findings in DNA analysis of Neanderthals 5. Identify the anatomical features of Homo sapiens 6. Understand the debate concerning the taxonomic placement of the 5-year old child from Europe.
Homo erectus
Homo erectus (“upright man”) Widely distributed species:
◦1st to _______________◦Towards:________________
◦Oldest specimens of this species are found in ___________
◦___________ geographical regions
Distribution of H. erectus Sites
Nariokotome Boy (KNM-WT 1500)
Location: Nariokotome, Africa
Time period: ___________
_________________________
Estimated adult height: ___________
Nariokotome Boy (KNM-WT 1500) ‘Modern-like’
◦ ________________◦ Why is this important?
Expansion ____________
_________________◦ What areas of the body provide information
on growth & development?
Beijing, China: Zhoukoudian Cave(Dragon Bone Hill) 40 M/F adults and children
◦ ________________________
670,000-410,000 years old◦ _______________________◦ Longest history of visitation
Exhibit typical ____________________◦ Few postcranial fossils found
Cultural remains:◦ ______________________
◦ Diet: ___________________
◦ Harsh winters: ___________
Beijing, China: Zhoukoudian Cave(Dragon Bone Hill)
Evidence for _____________◦ _____________ animal bone, stone tools, plants, ash
along with bird eggs and seeds
◦ Suggest: ____________________
Beijing, China: Zhoukoudian Cave(Dragon Bone Hill)
Homo erectus in Europe: Gran Dolina
Found the following:◦ ______________◦ ______________◦ _______________
Evidence for ________________________
Most complete skull – __________◦ Facial bones, mandible, teeth
Archaic Homo sapiens
Archaic Homo sapiensWho are they? Specimens displaying mixtures of _____________ and ___________________
Proposed to separate these individuals into a distinct species. ◦ Homo antecessor (non-Africa)◦ Homo heidelbergensis (Africa)
We are going to keep Archaic Homo sapiens
Archaic Homo sapiens Exhibit several ________________________ BUT also possess characteristics that are __________ _________________________________________◦ Example of ____________________
Spans three geographical areas ___________________◦ These areas are the same as ________◦ and _______________
Neanderthals
Where in the World are Neanderthals?
Neanderthals Lived during the last major ice age
◦ Anatomical features ___________ ____________________________
Features:◦ 1.◦ 2.◦ 3.◦ 4.◦ 5.
Asia – Israel - Kebara
Partial skeleton (60,000ya)____________________Even without cranium & legs,
_________________________
What can we tell from the torso?______________________________
Asia – Israel - Kebara
Hyoid◦ Variation in morphology of the human hyoid is ________ ◦ Kebara hyoid – __________________
◦ What does this imply? ◦ Morphology◦ Language
Europe – La Chapelle-aux-Saints
Typical Neanderthal morphology
Evidence of ______ _________________
Evidence of ____________◦ Body position = ________
Position suggests that _____ was taken when burying the body◦ ______________________
Europe – La Chapelle-aux-Saints
Flexed Position
Culture of Neanderthals Speech
◦ Probably were capable of _____________◦ Evidence based on: hyoid bone (found at Kebara)
◦ What else do we know?◦ What did the movie say?◦ __________
Anatomically Modern Humans (AMHs)
__________
_____________
_________
______________________
Herto = Earliest AMH______________ = 160,000-154,000
Characteristics are essentially modern
Cranium and dental remains found:◦ ________________◦ ___________________
Africa – Ethiopia – Herto
Africa – Ethiopia – Herto
Europe ––Abrigo do Lagar Velho
24,500ya
____________________
Associated with: ◦ 1.◦ 2.
Europe ––Abrigo do Lagar Velho
Anatomically a __________ of _________________ and _______________features
◦ __________________: regional Neanderthals and early modern humans