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Metamorphic rock lab due MondayMetamorphic rock lab due Monday Read section 9.3Read section 9.3 Q’s 1-4 on pg 201Q’s 1-4 on pg 201
DefinitionsDefinitions
Section 9.2Section 9.2
Magma and Erupted Magma and Erupted MaterialsMaterials
Viscosity: A substance’s resistance to flow Viscosity: A substance’s resistance to flow (high viscosity = honey, low = water)(high viscosity = honey, low = water)
Lava: Magma that reaches Earth’s surfaceLava: Magma that reaches Earth’s surface
Pahoehoe: Solidified basaltic lava flow on Pahoehoe: Solidified basaltic lava flow on land that has formed with smooth, land that has formed with smooth, ropelike surfacesropelike surfaces
Aa: A solidified basaltic lava flow on land Aa: A solidified basaltic lava flow on land that has formed with rough, jagged that has formed with rough, jagged surfacessurfaces
Lahar: a fast-moving mudflow that occurs Lahar: a fast-moving mudflow that occurs when heat of a volcano melts the snow and when heat of a volcano melts the snow and ice on top of a volcanoice on top of a volcano
Pillow Lava: Lava that cools underwater, Pillow Lava: Lava that cools underwater, taking on a distinctive pillow-like shape as it taking on a distinctive pillow-like shape as it hardenshardens
Pyroclastic material: solid rock fragments Pyroclastic material: solid rock fragments that are ejected during a volcanic eruptionthat are ejected during a volcanic eruption
Pyroclastic flow: A dense, superheated Pyroclastic flow: A dense, superheated cloud of gases and pyroclastic materials cloud of gases and pyroclastic materials that moves rapidly downhill from an that moves rapidly downhill from an eruption volcanoeruption volcano
Felsic and Mafic MagmasFelsic and Mafic Magmas
Felsic (Felsic (FelFeldspar dspar SSililicica) magma: high a) magma: high silica, low density, light-colored, slow silica, low density, light-colored, slow moving and typically come out of moving and typically come out of explosive volcanoesexplosive volcanoes
Mafic (Mafic (MaMagnesium gnesium fferrerricic) magma: low ) magma: low silica, high density, more fluid, darker in silica, high density, more fluid, darker in color and flow more easily. Usually flows color and flow more easily. Usually flows smoothly onto the surfacesmoothly onto the surface
Characteristics of Characteristics of MagmaMagma
Please copy this chart in Please copy this chart in your notesyour notes
Basaltic Magma
Andesitic Magma
Rhyolitic Magma
Silica Content
Gas Content
Viscosity
Type of Eruption
Melting Temp.
Location
Example
Basaltic Magma
Andesitic Magma
Rhyolitic Magma
Silica Content
Least (~50%) Intermediate (~60%)
Most (~70%)
Gas Content
Viscosity
Type of Eruption
Melting Temp.
Location
Example
Basaltic Magma
Andesitic Magma
Rhyolitic Magma
Silica Content Least (~50%) Intermediate (~60%) Most (~70%)
Gas Content Least Intermediate MostViscosity
Type of Eruption
Melting Temp.
Location
Example
Basaltic Magma
Andesitic Magma
Rhyolitic Magma
Silica Content Least (~50%) Intermediate (~60%) Most (~70%)
Gas Content Least Intermediate Most
Viscosity Least viscous Intermediate Most viscous
Type of Eruption
Melting Temp.
Location
Example
Basaltic Magma
Andesitic Magma
Rhyolitic Magma
Silica Content Least (~50%) Intermediate (~60%) Most (~70%)
Gas Content Least Intermediate Most
Viscosity Least viscous Intermediate Most viscous
Type of Eruption
Rarely explosive
Sometimes explosive
Usually explosive
Melting Temp.
Location
Example
Basaltic Magma
Andesitic Magma
Rhyolitic Magma
Silica Content Least (~50%) Intermediate (~60%) Most (~70%)
Gas Content Least Intermediate Most
Viscosity Least viscous Intermediate Most viscous
Type of Eruption Rarely explosive Sometimes explosive Usually explosive
Melting Temp.
Highest Intermediate Lowest
Location
Example
Basaltic Magma
Andesitic Magma
Rhyolitic Magma
Silica Content Least (~50%) Intermediate (~60%) Most (~70%)
Gas Content Least Intermediate Most
Viscosity Least viscous Intermediate Most viscous
Type of Eruption Rarely explosive Sometimes explosive Usually explosive
Melting Temp. Highest Intermediate Lowest
Location Rifts, oceanic hot spots
Subduction Boundaries
Continental hot spots
Example
Basaltic Magma
Andesitic Magma
Rhyolitic Magma
Silica Content Least (~50%) Intermediate (~60%) Most (~70%)
Gas Content Least Intermediate Most
Viscosity Least viscous Intermediate Most viscous
Type of Eruption Rarely explosive Sometimes explosive Usually explosive
Melting Temp. Highest Intermediate Lowest
Location Rifts, oceanic hot spots Subduction Boundaries Continental hot spots
Example Kilauea, Hawaii
Mount St. Helens, Washington
Yellowstone caldera, Wyoming
Goofy but informational!Goofy but informational!Mt. EtnaMt. Etna
