42
Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28

Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Homework 2 due F 2/23

Bonus 1 due W 2/28

Page 2: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how
Page 3: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how the DNA changes and who reproduces.

Page 4: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

As DNA changes; traits change.

DNA Traits

Page 5: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Natural Selection:Individuals that are most

successful at reproducing will pass on more of their genetic

information.

Page 6: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Reproductive success = evolutionary success

Page 7: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Individuals are selected…

But populations evolve via changes in DNA during reproduction.

Page 8: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

CB 24.6

Who evolves?…Species.

•A population that can produce fertile offspring

•A population that does reproduce

**A population sharing genetic information**

A. harrisi A. leucurus

Page 9: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how the DNA changes and who reproduces.

Page 10: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Meiosis splits apart the pairs of chromosomes.

X 23in humans

Page 11: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

haploid

diploid

X 23in humans X 23

in humans

X 23in humans

Inheritance = The interaction between genes inherited from Mom and Dad.

Page 12: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Mitosis only:extremely lowgenetic diversity

Meiosisand Mitosis:greater geneticdiversity

vs.Asexual Reproduction

SexualReproduction

Page 13: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Asexual Reproduction

genetically identical to parent

(this tree can reproduce both sexually and asexually)

Page 14: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Why does sexual reproduction exist?

Cons:

• Need two individuals

• Hard to find mate

• Diseases/Competition

Pros:

• Genetic diversity

Page 15: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

VolesPrairie

• Monogamous

• Both parents care for young

Montane

• Nonmonogamous

• Mother cares for young briefly

Page 16: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Why might these voles use different reproductive strategies?

Prairie voles:

Resource poor habitat

• Monogamous

• Both parents care for young

Montane voles:

Resource rich habitat

• Nonmonogamous

• Mother cares for young briefly

Page 17: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

byeHow does evolution work for a behaviors such as monogamy?

monogamous non-monogamous

Page 18: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

byeHow does evolution work for a behaviors such as monogamy?

monogamous non-monogamous

Page 19: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

How does evolution work for a behaviors such as monogamy?

monogamous

non-monogamous

After several generations…

Page 20: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

How does monogamy work?

from “The Myth of Monogamy” by Barash and Lipton

Page 21: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Screw worm flies

Page 22: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Sterile male screw worm flies led to decreased populations because of screw worm monogamy.

F M

sterile

Page 23: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Sterile male screw worm flies led to decreased populations because of screw worm monogamy.

In most other species, because females mate with multiple males, introduction of sterile males has little effect.

F

F

M

sterile

M

sterile

Page 24: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

In most other species, because females mate with multiple males, introduction of sterile males has little effect.

F M

sterilefertile

FM

Hi, want to study biology together?

Page 25: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Mating pairs share genetic information and possibly help in child-rearing

Page 26: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

10-40% of offspring in a socially monogamous bird species are fathered by an extra-pair male

Page 27: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

•Social Monogamy = pair lives/works together, but not “faithful”•Sexual Monogamy = pair raise young and only copulate with each other

Page 28: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

In mammals, child-rearing is most commonly done by the female. She provides milk.

Page 29: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Less than 0.01% of mammals are monogamous

Page 30: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

1.Would you have dinner with a boy/girl you met today?

Page 31: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

1.Would you have dinner with a boy/girl you met today?

2.Would you go to a boy’s/girl’s house who you met today?

Page 32: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

1.Would you have dinner with a boy/girl you met today?

2.Would you go to a boy’s/girl’s house who you met today?

3.Would you sleep with a boy/girl who you met today?

Page 33: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Do Males and Females have different attitudes toward sex and relationships?

Page 34: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

On a college campus an attractive male or female asked the opposite sex: “I have been noticing you

around campus. I find you very attractive…”

Male answers:…Would you go out

with me tonight?= 50% yes

Female answers:…Would you go out

with me tonight?= 50% yes

Page 35: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

On a college campus an attractive male or female asked the opposite sex: “I have been noticing you

around campus. I find you very attractive…”

Male answers:…Would you go out

with me tonight?= 50% yes…Would you come to

my apartment tonight?

= 69% yes

Female answers:…Would you go out

with me tonight?= 50% yes…Would you come to

my apartment tonight?

= 6% yes

Page 36: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

On a college campus an attractive male or female asked the opposite sex: “I have been noticing you

around campus. I find you very attractive…”

Male answers:…Would you go out

with me tonight?= 50% yes…Would you come to

my apartment tonight?= 69% yes…Would you go to bed

with me tonight?= 75% yes

Female answers:…Would you go out

with me tonight?= 50% yes…Would you come to

my apartment tonight?= 6% yes…Would you go to bed

with me tonight?= 0% yes

Page 37: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Why do Males and Females have different attitudes toward sex and relationships?

Page 38: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

The male perspective on monogamy

Page 39: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Eggs require large resource input.

A clutch of bird eggs can be ~20% of bird’s weight.

Sperm are cheap.

Page 40: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Human Females:~1 egg/month

Human Males:250,000,000 sperm/ ejaculation

Page 41: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

Mating pairs share genetic information and possibly help in child-rearing

Page 42: Homework 2 due F 2/23 Bonus 1 due W 2/28. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how

What are the consequences of the different male and female attitudes toward sex and relationships?