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$-
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
Diesel Battery Electric Hydrogen Diesel Battery Electric Hydrogen Diesel Battery Electric Hydrogen
EV Infrastructure Cost
$-
$150,000
$300,000
$450,000
$600,000
Diesel Battery Electric Hydrogen Diesel Battery Electric Hydrogen Diesel Battery Electric Hydrogen
EV Infrastructure Cost
$-
$300,000
$600,000
$900,000
$1,200,000
$1,500,000
Diesel Battery Electric Hydrogen Diesel Battery Electric Hydrogen Diesel Battery Electric Hydrogen
EV Infrastructure Cost
https://www.arb.ca.gov/msei/categories.htm#emfac2017http://calstart.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/CalHEAT-Roadmap.pdf
https://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/bus/battery_cost.pdf
$0
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
$600
$700
$800
$900
$1,000
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Bat
tery
Co
st (
$/k
Wh
)
Historic LD Battery Prices CARB HD Battery Paper
Bloomberg LD Projection ICCT HD Battery Estimate
5-yr. LD delay
https://www.theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/Zero-emission-freight-trucks_ICCT-white-paper_26092017_vF.pdfhttps://www.theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/Zero-emission-freight-trucks_ICCT-white-paper_26092017_vF.pdfhttps://www.bloomberg.com/quicktake/batteries
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
$350,000
Diesel Battery-electric Hydrogen fuel cell
Pu
rch
ase
Pri
ce
2018
2024
2030
-$0.40
-$0.20
$0.00
$0.20
$0.40
$0.60
$0.80
$1.00
Diesel Battery -electric
Hydrogen Diesel Battery -electric
Hydrogen Diesel Battery -electric
Hydrogen
Op
erat
ing
Co
st (
$/m
i.)
2024 Operating Cost per Mile Comparison
Fuel Maintenance LCFS Revenue Total Cost per Mile
$0.00
$1.00
$2.00
$3.00
$4.00
$5.00
2018 2022 2026 2030 2034 2038 2042 2046
Die
sel P
rice
($
/gal
)
https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/data/browser/#/?id=3-AEO2019&cases=ref2019&sourcekey=0https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/battery-electric-truck-and-bus-charging-cost-calculator
$0.00
$0.05
$0.10
$0.15
$0.20
$0.25
$0.30
2018 2022 2026 2030 2034 2038 2042 2046 2050
Ele
ctri
city
Pri
ce (
$/k
Wh
)
SDG&E PG&E Statewide Average SCE SMUD LADWP
$0.00
$2.00
$4.00
$6.00
$8.00
$10.00
$12.00
2018 2022 2026 2030 2034 2038 2042 2046
Hyd
roge
n P
rice
($
/kg)
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2018-11/180124hdbevefficiency.pdf
https://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/2018/lcfs18/isor.pdf
https://www.arb.ca.gov/fuels/lcfs/lcfs.htm
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
0
$53,110 $86,568
$306,673
$20,817
$5,885
$25,005
$23,855 $24,386
$78,580
$16,357
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
$350,000
$400,000
$450,000
Diesel Electric Hydrogen
Vehicle Cost Net Fuel Cost minus LCFS Other Costs EV Infrastructure Cost
0
$54,198 $64,894
$201,891
$22,823 $7,753
$18,124
$23,719 $20,256
$57,218
$16,357
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
Diesel Electric Hydrogen
Vehicle Cost Net Fuel Cost minus LCFS Other Costs EV Infrastructure Cost
0
$54,651 $60,630
$96,585
$22,880 $7,788
$14,161
$23,662
$20,097
$35,864
$16,357
$0
$20,000
$40,000
$60,000
$80,000
$100,000
$120,000
$140,000
$160,000
Diesel Electric Hydrogen
Vehicle Cost Net Fuel Cost minus LCFS Other Costs EV Infrastructure Cost
0
$88,705
$172,225
$330,967 $104,349
($616)
$164,924
$50,252 $42,474
$94,237
$16,357
($100,000)
$0
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
$700,000
Diesel Electric Hydrogen
Vehicle Cost Net Fuel Cost minus LCFS Other Costs EV Infrastructure Cost
0
$90,990 $114,510
$236,818
$101,110
$5,983
$105,648
$50,049
$40,659
$77,726
$16,357
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
$350,000
$400,000
$450,000
Diesel Electric Hydrogen
Vehicle Cost Net Fuel Cost minus LCFS Other Costs EV Infrastructure Cost
0
$91,713 $104,536
$141,381
$104,304
$7,460
$84,942
$49,985
$40,326
$61,224
$16,357
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
$350,000
Diesel Electric Hydrogen
Vehicle Cost Net Fuel Cost minus LCFS Other Costs EV Infrastructure Cost
0
$167,500
$593,662
$786,486
$296,381
($15,704)
$468,433
$107,576
$128,308
$212,192
$68,698
($100,000)
$100,000
$300,000
$500,000
$700,000
$900,000
$1,100,000
$1,300,000
$1,500,000
Diesel Electric Hydrogen
Vehicle Cost Net Fuel Cost minus LCFS Other Costs EV Infrastructure Cost
0
$180,126 $290,194
$539,475
$300,308 $18,627
$313,789
$106,743
$107,021
$165,434
$68,698
$0
$200,000
$400,000
$600,000
$800,000
$1,000,000
$1,200,000
Diesel Electric Hydrogen
Vehicle Cost Net Fuel Cost minus LCFS Other Costs EV Infrastructure Cost
0
$183,053 $244,950
$284,462
$312,805
$26,738
$254,739
$106,551
$105,695
$118,690
$68,698
$0
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
$700,000
Diesel Electric Hydrogen
Vehicle Cost Net Fuel Cost minus LCFS Other Costs EV Infrastructure Cost
Battery Size: 38 kWh
Battery Size: 76 kWh
Battery Size: 113 kWh
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
Veh
icle
TC
O
Daily Mileage
Diesel TCO
BEV TCO
Battery Size: 65 kWh
Battery Size: 130 kWh
Battery Size: 194 kWh
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
$350,000
$400,000
50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
Veh
icle
TC
O
Daily Mileage
Diesel TCO
BEV TCO
Battery Size: 142 kWh
Battery Size: 284 kWh
Battery Size:452 kWh
Battery Size: 567 kWh
$0
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
$700,000
50 75 100 125 150 175 200
Veh
icle
TC
O
Daily Mileage
Diesel TCO
BEV TCO
𝑔𝑎𝑙.
1,000 𝑡𝑜𝑛−𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒
𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑦 (𝑚𝑖.
𝑔𝑎𝑙.)
= 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 (𝑔𝑎𝑙.
1000 𝑡𝑜𝑛 − 𝑚𝑖.)
−1
∗ 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑃𝑎𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 (𝑡𝑜𝑛)
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-10-25/pdf/2016-21203.pdfhttps://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-10-25/pdf/2016-21203.pdfhttps://www.ford.com/services/assets/Brochure?bodystyle=Van&make=Ford&model=Transit&year=2018https://www.ford.com/services/assets/Brochure?bodystyle=Van&make=Ford&model=Transit&year=2018
https://www.truckinginfo.com/317878/dtna-deals-with-booming-market-preps-electric-trucks
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/battery-electric-truck-and-bus-charging-cost-calculator
http://www.ecdms.energy.ca.gov/
100%
106%
106%
110%
115%
121%
128%
130%
134%
138%
140%
140%
141%
142%
143%
143%
143%
143%
143%
142%
141%
141%
140%
138%
137%
137%
136%
134%
134%
133%
132%
131%
https://www.apta.com/resources/standards/quarterly-webinar-series/Documents/APTA%20Webinar%20on%20Fuel%20Cell%20Electric%20Bus%20Infrastructure%20for%20100-Bus%20Fleet%209-20-18%20FINAL.pdfhttps://www.apta.com/resources/standards/quarterly-webinar-series/Documents/APTA%20Webinar%20on%20Fuel%20Cell%20Electric%20Bus%20Infrastructure%20for%20100-Bus%20Fleet%209-20-18%20FINAL.pdfhttps://www.apta.com/resources/standards/quarterly-webinar-series/Documents/APTA%20Webinar%20on%20Fuel%20Cell%20Electric%20Bus%20Infrastructure%20for%20100-Bus%20Fleet%209-20-18%20FINAL.pdfhttps://www.arb.ca.gov/fuels/lcfs/dashboard/creditpricecalculator.xlsx
https://cafcp.org/sites/default/files/CAFCR.pdf
https://www.sacog.org/sites/main/files/file-attachments/access_la_life_cycle.pdfhttps://www.sacog.org/sites/main/files/file-attachments/access_la_life_cycle.pdfhttps://efiling.energy.ca.gov/getdocument.aspx?tn=206183http://fleetanswers.com/sites/default/files/Pickup%20Article%20Jan%202015%20%281%29_0.pdfhttp://exchange.aaa.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/17-0013_Your-Driving-Costs-Brochure-2017-FNL-CX-1.pdfhttp://exchange.aaa.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/17-0013_Your-Driving-Costs-Brochure-2017-FNL-CX-1.pdfhttps://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy11osti/48896.pdf
https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/53503.pdfhttps://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/55658.pdfhttps://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/31227.pdfhttps://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/53502.pdfhttp://atri-online.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/ATRI-Operational-Costs-of-Trucking-2017-10-2017.pdfhttp://atri-online.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/ATRI-Operational-Costs-of-Trucking-2017-10-2017.pdfhttp://info.fleetadvantage.com/mitigating-rising-fleet-maintenance-and-repair-costs-for-class-8-truckshttps://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-15/what-tesla-s-semi-truck-must-do-to-seduce-truckershttps://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-15/what-tesla-s-semi-truck-must-do-to-seduce-truckershttps://www.mjbradley.com/sites/default/files/EDF-BIC-Refuse-Truck-Report-2013.pdf
http://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/5/4/886http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/15185/1/Bremen_final_paperShoter.pdfhttps://www.pwc.com/gx/en/automotive/industry-publications-and-thought-leadership/assets/pwc-ec-state-of-pev-market-final.pdfhttps://www.pwc.com/gx/en/automotive/industry-publications-and-thought-leadership/assets/pwc-ec-state-of-pev-market-final.pdfhttps://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/bus/maintenance_cost.pdfhttp://www.cleanairactionplan.org/documents/draft-drayage-truck-feasibility-assesment.pdf/
https://info.ballard.com/fuel-cell-electric-buses-proven-performance-white-paper?hsCtaTracking=ab0058ba-1240-4ab6-a4e6-0032faf329b7%7Cd0616627-31ce-416a-bbe8-d036529a4d75https://info.ballard.com/fuel-cell-electric-buses-proven-performance-white-paper?hsCtaTracking=ab0058ba-1240-4ab6-a4e6-0032faf329b7%7Cd0616627-31ce-416a-bbe8-d036529a4d75https://info.ballard.com/fuel-cell-electric-buses-proven-performance-white-paper?hsCtaTracking=ab0058ba-1240-4ab6-a4e6-0032faf329b7%7Cd0616627-31ce-416a-bbe8-d036529a4d75https://www.dmv.ca.gov/wasapp/FeeCalculatorWeb/newVehicleFees.do
https://lao.ca.gov/1998/061798_vlf_primer/061798_vlf.htmlhttps://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/wcm/connect/3f3a5df8-3db5-42ba-b3c4-f6b92ae032c9/ffvr27.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVIDhttps://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/wcm/connect/3f3a5df8-3db5-42ba-b3c4-f6b92ae032c9/ffvr27.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID