By Deepak Nair | Guide- Sudharshan Katti | Crompton Greaves, India| 2010

Contents

Introduction Lightings Home lightings

Market Study Product categories Brand dominance in different areas of- -home lightings

User study Likes and dislikes Basic requirements Human factor considerations Design considerations Neutral changes with Age

Architects view on home lighting. Residential lighting design issues and considerations

Acknowledgement

Conclusion

Likes and dislikes

Lighting and the Environment Lighting is not only about illuminating a space so that you can see well. It is a decorative addition to your life that will affect the way you feel and function. Lighting also affects the environment in several ways. The amount of energy consumed by each light and the materials used to manufacture such lamping products both influence the environment.

Introduction

Lighting or illumination is the deliberate application of light to achieve aesthetic and funtionality. Lighting includes use of both artificial light sources such as lamps and natural illumination of interiors from daylight. Day lighting (through windows, skylights, etc.) is often used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings given its low cost. Artificial lighting represents a major component of energy consumption, accounting for a significant part of all energy consumed worldwide. Artificial lighting is most commonly provided today by electric lights, but gas lighting, candles, or oil lamps were used in the past, and still are used in certain situations. Proper lighting can enhance task performance or aesthetics of the surroundings, while there can be energy wastage and adverse health effects of poorly designed lighting. Indoor lighting is a form of fixture or furnishing, and a key part of interior design. Lighting can also be an intrinsic component of landscaping.

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The lightings shown in the pic are been particularly categorized to the dining area, the lights have a low luminance and mostly warm colour. Some even come up with luminosity controls so that they can be set according to the requirements of the users. These are mostly wall mounted lights and people do prefer to have more options in hanging lights in this area. There are some in the market, but not much of range are available. Even in the lighting shown in the pic, the fasteners are being exposed, which some may like and some may not. These lights are also outdated and so comes the chinese products with have a lot of variations in colour, feel, form. Please refer page 7 to 10

Dining area

Living Room

Please refer imported lighting catalogue at pg 12

Decorative light

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Chinese Goods and other models in philips other local brands

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Chinese Goods and other models in philips other local brands

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Chinese Goods and other models in philips other local brands

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Imported lightings

Brand dominance in areas

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Here the user has used a centre light and also reflective lights in the corners and switches between those as per the requirements, all the lights have been mounted on a false ceiling and the reflective lights increases the appeal of the ceiling when in use.

User study

The cabinet lighting in the kitchen draws and shelf’s and also in cupboard .

A light, when been in use should make a small room look bigger.

A single light for different purposes. (The spread

area and the luminance which can be controlled)

Lights for elderly people( please refer the neutral

changes with age under Basic Requirements)

Lightings that does not attract insects during climatic changes

Lightings which can come with different external casings which can be changed when required to give a new look

Can lights be to stop mosquitos getting inside?

A light which also has the properties of radium to be used in kids room.

Enhance colour and texture in the space

Likes and dislikes

The fittings used in the kitchen do become dirty in the due course of time, the greasy oil stains forms a permanent mark on the fitting which is not tolerable.

Fittings with hollow spaces collects dust and also becomes a breeding space for insects and are also tough task to clean.

A wall mounted light, after a period of time leaves the stains on the wall.

The replacement such as the bulbs aren’t easily accessible and some fasteners once removed are hard to put it back.

Due to the climatic conditions the fasteners get corroded and also the light used in the portico\balcony gets de coloured soon.

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Basic Requirements

Light influences the emotional responses of the people who occupy the space. The appearance and character of a space is greatly dependent on the distribution and pattern of light and Shadow. Lighting design does not start with the selection of Luminaires, but with an evaluation of the occupants' needs, visual and physical capabilities, age, and lifestyle. (Olderpeople require much more light than younger people; a 55-year old requires twice as much light as a 20-year-old.) Because needs, lifestyles, and occupants can change, consideration should be given to the use of portable, modular, and easily controlled luminaires.The optical changes that occur with age affect the retinal image, but for the visual system to be effective, the retinal image has to be processed by the retina and the visual cortex. There is no reason to support that aging is limited to only the optical elements of the visual system. Indeed,morphological changes have been reported in rod and cone photo receptors in older people (Marshall et al., 1979); the density of rods and cone photo receptors have been shown to decrease in extreme old age (Feeny-Burnset al.,1990): and the number of ganglion cells in the retina and the number of neurons in the visual cortex both decrease with increasing age (Devaneyand Johnson, 1980; Balazsi et al., 1984). Weale (1992) provides a useful review of these neural changes and their possible causes. The fact that the neurai elements of the visual system also show changes with age is important because it implies that the compensation for visual system aging that can be provided by lighting is inevitably limited. Returning the optical characteristics of the eye to what they were before aging will not restore vision to its pristine state.

Human factor considerations

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Design Considerations

Flexibility with multipurpose lights

Alternative sources of energy

Portability

Modularity

Use light source which does not Generate heat

Concern for energy and efficiency in design and manufacturing process

Easy to clean

Maintainence should be easy and minimal.

Opportunity areas

The cabinet lighting in the kitchen draws and shelf’s and also in cupboard are been asked for. A light, when been in use should make a small room look bigger. Lightings that does not attract insects during climatic changes Lights that can stop mosquitos getting inside. A warning light when gas leaks occur in kitchen. Enhance colour and texture in the space Before the light fuses off, it should convey a message in prior.

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* The cabinet lighting in the kitchen draws and shelf’s and also in cupboard

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*Global direct light in the kitchen causes shadow to fall on the work area

*Due to the heat produced by fron the light, stains occur on the walls

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Fittings with hollow spaces collects dust and also becomes a breeding space for insects and are also tough task to clean. *

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A light, when been in use should make a small room look bigger.*

Lights when projected horizontally makes a place look bigger visually.

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Lights that can stop mosquitoes getting inside*24

RESIDENTIAL LIGHTING DESIGN ISSUES

General-Appearance of Space and Luminaire’s-Colour Appearance (and colour Contrast)-Direct Glare-Illuminance-Light Distribution on surfaces -Modeling of faces or Objects -System Control and Flexibility-Luminance’s of Room Surfaces

Kitchen-Colour Appearance and colour contrast-Direct glare-Illuminance (horizontal)-Illuminance (vertical)-Reflected Glare-Source/task/eye geometry

Reading -Direct Glare-Illuminance (horizontal)-Illuminance (vertical)-Reflected Glare-Source/task/eye geometry

Residential Lightings Design issues and considerations

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Living room

Like the dining room, this room is a hotspot for social interaction; however, many activities, like TV viewing, reading and craft work, are carried out within the living room that puts an emphasis on quality ambient light and task lighting that relieves the eyes.Begin your lighting design by picking your ambient light source, usually in the form of a flush or semi-flush mount, but also commonly generated by ceiling fan lights, lamps or torches. To maximize the viewing pleasure, opt for track lighting that won't shine directly into a screen or your face and provides great ambient light. Use picture lights to put a focus on a favorite painting or photograph. A floor or table lamp to the left or right of your reading chair, depending upon which side won't cast shadows across the page when you use your page-turning hand . Consider pendants, mini-pendants or track fixtures over your home bar. Jazz up a fireplace with overhead recessed downlights, track lights or by framing it with wall sconces. Accentuate the plants' profiles by tucking uplight cans behind the plant and aiming them at the wall.

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* Ambient light source, usually in the form of a flush or semi-flush mount A track light would be suggested as they do not cause glare on the television. Picture lights to put a focus on a favorite painting or photograph. Consider pendants, mini-pendants or track fixtures over your home bar.

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Bed room

The bedroom is a hubbub of activity, even when that activity is doing nothing at all. From lounging in bed to getting ready for work or reading the latest bestseller, the bedroom lighting should foster a relaxing air that also serves you in your daily tasks. You have lots of options for ambient lighting that don't always make sense in other rooms like a formal dining room. Ceiling fixtures, chandeliers, ceiling fan lights, wall sconces and recessed down lights all give you that ambient light you need. Create a convenient place to groom and apply make-up by placing a table or floor lamp next to your dressing table. Swing arm lamps, boudoir lamps on the night stands next to your bed or recessed ceiling down lights over your bed take the strain off the eyes as you read. For a child's room, lighting safety is crucial. Keep fragile lights out of reach and install recessed lights that are out of reach from horseplay or curious little hands.

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** The bedroom lounging in bed to getting ready for work or reading the latest

bestseller, the bedroom lighting should foster a relaxing air that also serves you in your daily tasks. For a child's room, lighting safety is crucial. Materials such as glass, metal should be avoided.Sharp forms, heating of the lamp should be avoided while designing the task lights.

Kitchen

The kitchen is the epicenter of activity while preparing weekday meals, banquet dinners and party favorites. Additionally, many kitchen areas now include nooks, mini-entertainment centers and espresso bars, creating a social stomping ground many prefer to the living or dining room. As a result, today's smart kitchens need to be streamlined for maximum efficiency as well as optimal style. Lighting can't be neglected in planning 'the heart' of your home. Our goal is to reduce shadows that obscure workspaces with several light sources and careful placement.For your central source of ambient light, go with an ecologically sound fluorescent fixture. Given the amount of time the average kitchen light is on, you'll save money and reduce the amount of heat emitted by your overhead lights as you cook. This main fixture will unavoidably cast shadows, but a few cleverly placed supplemental lights will solve this problem! A dimmer is a must for complete light control. Place recessed down lights over the sink and stove. These will keep the area bright for cooking and cleaning tasks, and serve as a spotlight if you're particularly proud of your 8-range stainless steel oven or newly installed sink. Kitchen islands are becoming the focal point of many kitchens, with polished granite or marble countertops. Keep the overhead space of your island just as beautiful with specially designed kitchen island lights or individual suspended pendants. Pendants also imbue nooks with sophistication and modern elegance while providing ample light for the table below. Use under-cabinet lights to illuminate your countertops for safer chopping and meal preparation. These tucked-away lights keep your counters free for ingredients and kitchen utensils and really accentuate any special countertop treatments you may have invested in. Over-cabinet lights are a great way to accentuate tall ceilings, crown molding and to make a room appear brighter overall by reducing shadow.

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The cabinet lighting in the kitchen draws and shelf’s and also in cupboard. Our goal is to reduce shadows that obscure workspaces with several light sources Under-cabinet lights to illuminate your countertops for safer chopping and meal preparation

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Architects view on lighting

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“Lighting is luxury”.

-By looking at the lighting in the house, one can easily guess the income and the state of mind of the people living in it.

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“Lighting is an emotion”.

-It makes you in high spirits, gloomy, depressed, cry, sluggish. It should be comfortable with the user and we prefer philips to our clients because the brand image will speak the rest’.

a Mr S meerB mb uc es o ay d k d ign

“Lighting is an aesthetic satisfaction”Lighting can give you a hierarchy, Uniformity in illumination needs to be the objective at the areas of relaxation

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Conclusion

“Light has a character” light can be gentle, dangerous, dreamlike, bare, living, dead, misty, hot, dark, violet, springlike, falling, sensual, limited, calm and soft. no matter natural or artificial light, it's the essence of life.

During the research we came up with different people with different thought process in selection of lighting, the colour they opt for(exterior of the lighting and also the light produced by them- bright or warm light)

But the common thought everyone has is that they want the home to look unique and elite Proper lighting can take a flat, static room and make it fabulous by adding contour dimension and enhanced functionality. The design has to focus on what is the place primarily used for, what style and mood are you trying to capture.The idea to promote products that are designed and manufactured with the planet in mind would be vastly welcomed by the masses.

Acknowledgements

Many to be mentioned for helping me during the research, to start of with Ms AnandiR Mani & associates

Mr Arpan Vaid Green Route

Mr SameerBombay duck design

A to Z lightings,Arihant ERCO lightings and also the other lighting outlet in loher chawl.

Kapoor lightings Bandra

BO concept Palledium Mall

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*Thank you