Home Automation Using ZigBee - IJETTCS · 2017-06-16 · ZigBee based home automation system provides remote access to the user for the monitoring and controlling purpose. ZigBee

International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected]

Volume 6, Issue 3, May- June 2017 ISSN 2278-6856

Volume 6, Issue 3, May – June 2017 Page 99

Abstract The home automation will be necessary in modern era. Home automation is the digital connectivity among different appliances. This paper shows the potential of ZigBee through the design and implementation of home automation system. ZigBee based home automation system provides remote access to the user for the monitoring and controlling purpose. ZigBee wireless devices are most preferable because of its low power consumption. ZigBee take advantage of short-range wireless protocol and provide complete interoperability. This makes the complete home automation wireless. User can control home switches with ZigBee enabled touch screen. Keywords: Zigbee, Home Automation, MRF24J40, PIC Microcontroller.

1. INTRODUCTION There are a number of applications that can benefit from the ZigBee protocol: building automation networks, home security systems, industrial control networks, remote metering and PC peripherals etc. Compared to other wireless protocols, the ZigBee wireless protocol offers low complexity, reduced resource requirements and most importantly, a standard set of specifications. The main purpose of this paper is to design an advanced electrical devices like light, fan, pump, bulb etc monitoring and controlling at home through wireless Zigbee device from remote place. To achieve these goals, the system runs a user-defined program on a special-purpose processor, using real-world sensor inputs as operands. The Home Automation system divides basically in three layers. The top-most layer is the input/sensor layer, which can be from sensors, limit switches, or any other kind of input. The middle layer is control unit. This layer reads the inputs and performs actions depending on the values of the inputs and the control program specified by the user. Finally, the control unit outputs commands to the actuator layer. The actuator layer is responsible for forming and sending commands to the real-world systems such as lights, fans, Air conditioner, security systems, and music systems etc.[1][4]

2. ZIGBEE PROTOCOL The ZigBee protocol uses the IEEE 802.15.4 specification as its Medium Access Layer (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY). The IEEE 802.15.4 defines three frequency bands of operations: 2.4GHz, 915MHz and 868MHz. Each frequency band offers a fixed number of channels. For example, the 2.4 GHz frequency band offers 16 channels (channels 11-26), 915 MHz offers10 channels (channels 1-10) and 868 MHz offers 1 channel (channel 0).[5] The MRF24J40 is an IEEE 802.15.4 Standard compliant 2.4 GHz RF transceiver. It integrates the PHY and MAC functionality in a single chip solution. Here we have used star topology as shown in figure 1. The ZigBee protocol coordinator is a special variant of a Full Function Device

Figure 1 Star Network configuration

(FFD) that implements a larger set of ZigBee protocol services. An end device may be an FFD, like a Router, or a Reduced Function Device (RFD). RFD is the smallest and simplest ZigBee protocol node.

Home Automation Using ZigBee

Hinal Shah1, Vineeta Chauhan2 and Rashmi Sharma 3

1 Electrical Engineering Department, Indus University, Rancharda, Thaltej, Ahmedabad -382115, India

2 Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department, Indus University,

Rancharda, Thaltej, Ahmedabad -382115, India

3Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department, Indus University, Rancharda, Thaltej, Ahmedabad -382115, India




3. METHODOLOGY As shown in the figure 2 the controller connects to the RF transceiver via the SPI bus and a few discrete control signals. The controller acts as an SPI master and the RF transceiver acts as a slave. The controller implements the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC layer and ZigBee protocol layers. It also contains application-specific logic. It uses the SPI bus to interact with the RF transceiver. The Microchip Stack provides a fully integrated. Here PIC24F Microchip microcontroller is used as coordinator and PIC18F Microchip microcontroller is used as End device. Different end devices board connected to each input and output devices at home which need to monitor and control. To control the output devices send signal through coordinator with proper end device address so it can communicate to the respective devices.

Figure 2 Block Diagram

In software part ZigBee protocol called from the main program. Microchip stacks design to follow ZigBee

Figure 3 End device code screen shot

protocol which contains Physical Layer, MAC Layer, Network Layer and Application Layer. Figure 3& 4 shows End device and Coordinator device program snap shot. Along with ZigBee stack PIC microcontroller peripherals routines like GPIO, timer, interrupt, serial, LCD

interfacing, SPI interface for ZigBee communication with microcontroller are part of software program.

Figure 4 Coordinator device code screen shot

4.APPLICATION RUN THROUGH HYPERTERMINAL

To communicate Coordinator device with end device through PC by setting the appropriate baud rate 19200.

Figure 4 Coordinator devices Response

Figure 5 Router/End devices Response




If we run Microchip ZigBee stack and communicate to PC using RS232 then get the appropriate data as shown in figure 4 and figure 5 for Coordinator and End device respectively. [6] The below mentioned result we received after communicating Coordinator device with end device. MAC addresses of the different RFD devices must be different. Based on the address coordinator device can communicate with different end devices. Basically end devices are connected to different electrical and electronics appliances at home which we can control and monitor using coordinator. Here we have used star topology for communication. ******************************** ZigBee End Device - v2.0-2.6.0a

Trying to join network as a new device... Network(s) found. Trying to join 1AAA. Join successful! Announcing I am on the network

Added node to group 4 Message sent successfully.

******************************** ZigBee End Device - v2.0-2.6.0a

Trying to join network as a new device... Network(s) found. Trying to join 1AAA. Join successful! Announcing I am on the network

Added node to group 4

Internal message - I am in same group!

Removed node from group 4 Message sent successfully. ******************************** 5.DEVELOPMENT TOOLS

To develop the home automation system we have used MPLAB IDE software development environment as shown in figure 7 along with MPLAB c compiler to compile the code from c language to hex file.

Figure 7 MPLAB IDE Screen shot

To load the hex file in coordinator and end device board we have used MPLAB ICD3 in circuit loader as well as debugger as shown in figure 8. [3]

Figure 8 MPLAB IDE Screen shot

For hardware schematic design and PCB layout PROTEL99SE software is used as shown in figure 9 and 10. Here double layer PCB design we have done for Coordinator and End device.

Figure 9 Schematic Screen shot




Figure 10 PCB Layout Screen shot

6.CONCLUSION

ZigBee can be considered as the most suitable technology for Home Automation compared to other existing technologies like WiFi, GSM Bluetooth etc. It is low cost, very low power consumption, 868MHz, 915MHz and 2.4GHz frequency range cover etc. There are still some challenges of ZigBee based system like resources constraint- sensors (node) used in system, limited range, interference with other wireless system, technological limitation depend on IEEE 802.15.4 standard. [7] This ZigBee based system is used for remote controlling and monitoring of various home loads/appliances. The ultimate objective is efficient power utilization through real time power level indicator with the help of a PC-based GUI application.

References [1] Pankaj Jadhav ,Amit Chaudhari , Swapnil Vavale

“Home Automation Using Zigbee Protocol”, Maturitas, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 5 (2) , 2014

[2] Michal Varchola, Milos Drutarovsky, “Zigbee based home automation wireless sensor network” IEEE PERCOM Workshops, pp. 141-146, 2011.

[3] MPLAB ICD3 User Guide [4] Javier Castro and James Psota, “The Specification,

Design, and Implementation of a Home Automation System”, The American Journal of systems, 2009

[5] Zigbee Stack 2006 User guide [6] Zigbee2006 Application note. [7] Thoraya Obaid, HaleemahRashed, Ali Abou-Elnour,

Muhammad Rehan, Mussab Muhammad Saleh, and Mohammed Tarique “Zigbee technology and its application in wireless home automation systems: a survey” International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications Vol.6, No.4, July 2014

AUTHORS Prof. Hinal Shah, currently working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering in Indus University. She has 8.5 years of teaching experience.

Prof. Vineeta Chauhan, currently working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering in Indus University. She has 9 years of teaching experience.

Prof. Rashmi Sharma, currently working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering in Indus University. She has 8 years of teaching experience.

Documents

Home Automation Using ZigBee - IJETTCS · 2017-06-16 · ZigBee based home automation system provides remote access to the user for the monitoring and controlling purpose. ZigBee